
mill 



fiii 



I 




Qass^J_jl 
Book ^ 



THE 



ESSEX MEMORIAL, 



183 6: 



EMBRACING 



A REGISTER OF THE COUNTY. ~ 



f ^:- 



BY JAMES R. NEWHALL. 



S A L E JM : 
PUBLISHED AT THE BOOK STORE OF HENRY WHIPPLE. 

1836. 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1835/ 

By James R. Newhall, 
In the Clerk's office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 



TUTTLE, WEEKS AND DENNETT, PRtNTERS^. 

No. 8, School Street. 



'?^^^ 



PREFACE. 



We have but few words to say on introducing 
this little book to the notice of the public. Small 
as the volume may appear, it is one which has 
been prepared with much labor and expense. 
The ground over which we have gone was new, 
and our progress has been without chart or com- 
pass, so far as any model was concerned. But 
we have not been without assistance ; many 
gentlemen in the various sections of the County, 
whose kindness will not be forgotten, have ren- 
dered essential aid, — some by collecting and 
transmitting useful data, and interesting sketches 
and facts, — some by the loan of books of refer- 
ence, — and some by pointing out as we visited 
the various towns, such matters as were deemed 
most worthy of notice. 

It is designed to continue the Memorial as an 
annual, should the reception of the present volume 
appear to offer sufficient encouragement. There 
are many subjects of deep interest, the reader 
must be aware, which did not come within the 
scope of the present volume, but which could be 



IV PREFACE. 

presented in one where the plan was somewhat 
varied. It will at present, however, be only 
necessary to say, that should the patronage be- 
stowed on this, be sufficient to warrant the issuing 
of another volume, we shall use our best endeavor 
to render it useful and interesting. 

It will be perceived that in one or two particu- 
lars we have deviated somewhat from the plan set 
forth in the prospectus ; but the deviations were 
made under a conviction that they were improve- 
ments. In the mechanical department, it was 
proposed to have the volume an 18mo. " of about 
300 pages," but we have adopted a form one size 
larger, thinking that to be most convenient, with a 
small number of pages less ; which was done at 
an expense much exceeding that of full 300 pages 
18mo. 

In a work of this nature, it could not, of course, 
be expected, that the sources from which every 
item of intelligence was derived, should be partic- 
ularly stated, as they are almost innumerable, and 
would occupy a large space on every page. Most 
of the information, was collected from oral tes- 
timony, and personal observation ; but what has 
been derived from publications of any kind, we 
have aimed to have from the best authorities ; 
not deeming it necessary to be so fastidious about 
credits as would be requisite in works of a differ- 
ent character. 



CONTENTS. 



Essex County. Page. 

Discovery of, - - - -9 

First Visit to, ... 9 
Fishing and Planting Station at Cape Ann, - 10 

Settlement of Salem, - - - 11 

Arrival of Endicott, - - - 12 

Arrival of Winthrop, - - - 12 

Management of the Colony, - - 12 

Scarcity of Money, - - - 13 

Indians, - - - - 14 

Incorporation, - - - 16 

Celestial Phenomenon, - - - 16 

Violent Storms, - - - 17 

Indian Wars, - - - - 17 

Great Comet, - - - 17 

Sir Edmund Andros, - - - 17 

Witchcraft, - ■ - - 18 

Discovery of the Northern Lights, - - 24 

Great Earthquake, - - - 24 

First Printing Establishment, - - 24 

Fashions of Dress, - - - 25 

Revolutionary War, - - - 25 

Cloth — Nails, ... 26 

Dark Day, - - . .26 



VI 



CONTENTS. 



War of 1812, 

Rivers, - 

Boundaries and Population, 

Sheriff, - 

Supreme Judicial Court, 

Court of Common Pleas, 

County Commissioners, 

Probate Court, 

Register of Deeds, 

Clerk of the Courts, 

Treasurer, 

Justices of the Peace, 

Notaries Public, 

Coroners, 

Military, 

Agricultural Society, 

Medical Society, 

Historical Society,^ 

Natural History Society, 

Temperance Society, 

Anti-Slavery Society, - 

Teacher's Association, 

Divisions of Land, 

Public Buildings, &c. 

Colored Population, - 

Slaves, - 

Aged Persons, 

Deaf, Dumb and Blind, 

Highest Land, 
Amesbury, - 
Andover, 
Beverly, - - . 

BOXFORD, 

Bradford, - 
Danvers, 



CONTENTS. 







Page- 


Essex, - - . - 




91 


Gloocester, .... 




95 


Hamilton, . - - - 




113 


Haverhill, .... 




116 


Ipswich, ^- - - " 




130 


Lynn, . - - - - 




140 


Lynnfield, - . - . 




155 


Manchester, . . . - 




158 


Marblehead, ... 




162 


Methuen, .... 




188 


Middleton, - . - - 




192 


Newbury, . . . - 




194 


New^buryport, 




207 


Rowley, .... 




223 


Salem, .... 




228 


Salisbury, .... 




258 


Saugus, 




264 


Topsfield, - - . - 




268 


Wenham, .... 




270 


West-Newbury, ... 




274 


Senators and Representatives, 




278 


Table of Towns, containing List of Towns- 




Dates of Incorporation — Distances from 


Bos- 




ton — Population — Ratable Polls — Valuation- 




School Districts— Churches — Banks — Banking 


Capital — Lawyers — Physicians, 


- 


282 



ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 

Page 48. line 11, for " John H." read John W. 

Page 55, line 7, dele " iSehemiah Adams"— he was appointed, but did 
not accept. 

Page 89, line 30, for " Presson," read Preston. 

Page 90, line 523, for " Perry,'' read Berry. 

Page 9(3, lines 1 and 2, transpose the words " planting" and " fish- 
ing". 

Page 99, line 18, for " 1774" read 1704. 

Page 105, add Lonson Nash, lawyer, and substitute Moses H, Shavr 
for " Joshua P. Trask," Deputy sheriff. 

Page 106, line 34, for " 1813" read 1810 j— same page, line 36, for 
" 1827," read 1830. 

Page 1 12, line 25, for 1639, read " 1642." 

Page 149, add as Newspaper, the Lynn Mirror, which succeeded the 
Chronicle, Dec. 12, 1835, puhlished every Saturday morning, by G. 
W. D. Andrews, at $2 per annum ; in politics Whig. 

Page 166, line 29, for " 79" read 97. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

The first discovery, by Europeans, of that por- 
tion of Massachusetts now forming Essex County, 
of which we have any knowledge, was made in 
160-2. On the 21st of March, Captain Bartholo- 
mew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth, England, 
with a company of thirtytwo persons, ten of whom 
were to commence a settlement on the shore of 
New England, or North Virginia, as this portion 
of America was then called. On the 14th of May, 
they discovered the coast between Cape Ann and 
Nahant, and as they approached the land, eight 
Indians went on board to welcome them. Hence 
the company proceeded across the Bay and cast 
anchor near the southern shore ; here they took 
great quantities of cod, a circumstance which sug- 
gested the name they gave to the great promontory, 
to this day known as Cape Cod. They then 
passed round the Cape, and after making a few 
discoveries, some of them landed for the purpose 
of commencing the settlement ; but they soon 
abandoned their project, and all set sail for Eng- 
land, arriving at Exmouth, in July. 

The year 1611 is rendered memorable as being 
the first in which any European is known to have 



10 ESSEX COUNTS. 

set foot upon the soil of Essex County. Edward 
Harlie* and Nicholas Hobson sailed for New Eng- 
land, on a voyage of discovery. They stopped at 
several places on the coast, and finally arrived at 
Agawani, now Ipswich, where they were kindly 
received by the Indians ; here they remained a 
short time, and then returned to England, taking 
five of the natives. From this year to 1624, sev- 
eral visits were made to this region^ though it does 
not appear that any settlement was attempted. 

In 1624, the Dorchester Company, in England^ 
was formed through the instrumentality of the Rev. 
Mr White. They sent over persons to commence 
a fishing and planting station at Cape Ann. John 
Tilley was employed as overseer of the planting, 
and Thomas Gardener of the fishery. Of their 
" Salt-Man," (a pretty important personage) Brad- 
ford appears to have entertained rather an un- 
favorable opinion; as he says of him^ writing at 
Plymouth, he *' is an ignorant, foolish, self-willed 
man, who chooses a spot for his salt-works, will 
have eight or ten men to help him, is confident 
the ground is good, makes a carpenter rear a great 
frame of a house for the salt and other like uses ; 
but finds himself deceived in the bottom ; will 
then have a lighter to carry clay, &c., yet all in 
vain ; he could do nothing but boil salt in pans. 
The next year is sent to Cape Ann ; and there 
the pans are set up by the fishery ; but before the 
summer is out, he burns the house and spoils the 
pans ; and there's an end of this chargeable busi- 
ness." 

In 1625, Roger Conant, whom Mr White styles 
** a pious, sober and prudent gentleman," was 

*JVIr Felt, in his history of Ipswich, has this name Har- 
die; but in ancient books we find it as in the text. 



SltSTORICAL SKETCH. 11 

chosen by the Company to superintend the affairs 
at Cape Ann, both planting and fishing. Thither 
he removed, taking Lytord,* as minister, and 
others. Oldham was also invited to go, but it 
appears declined the invitation. 

The settlement at Cape Ann was broken up in 
the autumn of 1626, the adventurers not having 
met with the desired success, and Conant, together 
with Lyford and many others of his associates, 
removed to Naurakeag, now Salem. They located 
themselves on the tongue of land through which 
Bridge Street now runs ; — and thus commenced 
the first permanent settlement in Essex County. 
A frame house, which had been erected at Cape 
Ann at the commencement of the station, was 
afterwards taken down and removed to Salem, 
where it was erected on what is now Court Street, 
at the north corner of Church Street ; and there 
it stands to this day, though it has undergone so 
many mutations as to render it hardly probable 
that honest Roger would recognise it, should he 
return. 

The following introductory clause of a petition 
made to the General Court, by Conant in May, 
1671, embraces one or two interesting particulars. 
" The umble petition of Roger Conant, of Bass 
River, alias Beverly, who hath bin a planter in 
New England fortie eight years, and upwards, 
being one of the first, if not the very first, that 
resolved, and made good my settlement in matter 
of plantation, with my family in this collony of 

* They went from Nantasket. Lyford and Oldham had 
been living at Plymouth, from which place, on account of 
some seditious proceedings, they were expelled, and retired 
to Nantasket } some of their former adehrents followed 
them, among whom was Roger Conant. 



12 ESSEX COUNTY. 

Massachusetts Bay, and have bin instrumental both 
for the founding, and carrying on of the same, 
and when in the infancy thereof, it was in great 
hazard of being deserted, I was a means through 
grace assisting me, to stop the flight of those few, 
that there were heire, with me, and that by my 
utter denial! to goe away with them, who would 
have gon either for England, or mostly for Vir- 
ginia, but thereupon stayed to the hazard of our 
lives." Mr Conant further says in his petition 
that he was the first person who had a house in 
Salem ,• but adds that he did not have " any hand 
in naming either that or any other towne." 

Capt. John Endicott, with his company, arrived 
at Salem, on the 6th of September, 1628, and im- 
mediately entered upon his duties, as agent of the 
patentees of Massachusetts colony. The next 
year, on the 10th of April, he was chosen Gov- 
ernor, and six persons were appointed for his 
Council. In the course of this year, at a meeting 
of the Company in London, the expediency of 
removing the government, with the patent to New 
England, was agreed upon, and on the 20th of 
October, 1629, officers were elected with refer- 
ence to their removal hither. John Winthrop was 
chosen Governor, and at a subsequent meeting 
Thomas Dudley was chosen Deputy Governor. 
Winthrop came over in the Arabella, arriving at 
Salem on the 12lh of June ; and it was on board 
this ship that he commenced his Journal, which is 
a work of much interest, and furnishes the most 
authentic accounts relative to the Massach.usetts 
Colony, from that period to 1649. 

Of the notions which prevailed in regard to the 
management of the colony among those in Eng- 
land, who directed the affairs of the Company, we 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 13 

may form some idea, by their instructions to Endi- 
Gott and iiis council. They were instructed to 
a})point careful overseers to every family ; and to 
see that those sent over for the company were 
employed in their proper business. Blank books 
were sent for the overseers to keep a perfect reg- 
ister of the daily work done by each person ; and 
copies of the books were to be sent semi-annually 
to England. They were particularly cautioned 
against permitting the culture of" that vile weed," 
as will appear by the following : " As in our for- 
mer, so now again we especially desire you to take 
care that no tobacco, be planted by any of the 
new planters under your government, unless it be 
some small quantity, for mere necessity and for 
physic, for preservation of their health, and that 
the same be taken privately, by ancient men and 
none other." They were enjoined to have no 
" idle drones," among them, &c. &/C. 

Some idea of the scarcity of money among the 
early settlers, may be formed from the following 
extract of a letter addressed by the Court to the 
Saugus Iron Company, in September, 1647 : — 
" We acknowledge wth you that such a staple 
comodity as Iron is a great means to enrich ye 
place where it is, both by furnishing this place 
wth yt comodity at reasonable rates, and by bring- 
ing in other necessary comodityes in exchange of 
Iron exported, but as we use to say, if a man lives 
where an axe is worth but 12d., yet it is never the 
cheaper to him who cannot get 12d. to buy one. 
So if your Iron may not be had here without ready 
money, what advantage will that be to us if wee 
have no money to purchase it. Itt is true, some 
men have here Spanish money sometimes, but 
little comes to our smiths' hands, especially those 



14 ESSEX COUNTY. 

of inland tounes. What moneys our smiths cann 
gett you may be sure to have it before any other ; 
if we must want Iron so often as our money failes, 
you may easily judge if it were not better for us to 
procure it from other places (by our corne and 
pipe staves, &/C.) then to depend on ye comming 
in of mony wch is never so plentiful as to supply 
for ye occasion." 

The Indians who inhabited Essex County, were 
principally at Haverhill, Andover, Ipswich, Lynn, 
Marblehead, Newbury and Salem, They followed 
hunting and fishing for support, but were generally 
deficient in industry. The skins of animals af- 
forded them clothing, and the warriors painted 
their faces, for the purpose of appearing more 
ferocious. In the settlement of this region, the 
Europeans appear, with few exceptions, to have 
had little regard for the feelings and rights of the 
aborigines, but to have seized upon their heritage, 
at all times in a manner according with the princi- 
ple set forth in the following votes, passed at a 
church meeting in Milford. 

Voted, That the earth is the Lord's and the 
fulness thereof. 

Voted, That the earth is given to the saints. 

Voted, That we are the saints. 

The following lines, found in Lewis's History of 
Lynn, are supposed to have been written about 
this time, and exhibit some of the peculiar circum- 
stances of the settlers : — 

The place where we live is a wilderness wood, 
Whe''e grass is much wanting that's fruitful and good 5 
Our mountains and hills, and our valleys below, 
Being commonly covered with ice and with snow. 

And when the northwest wind with violence blows, 
Then every man pulls his cap over his nose ; 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 15 

But if any is hardy and will it withstand, 
He forfeits a finger, a foot, or a hand. 

But when the spring opens we then take the hoe, 
And make the ground ready to plant and to sow ; 
Our corn being planted, and seed being sown, 
The worms destroy much before it is grown. 

And while it is growing some spoil there is made 
By birds, and by squirrels, that pluck up the blade } 
And when it is come to full corn in the ear. 
It is often destroyed by raccoon and by deer. 

And now our old garments begin to grow thin, 
And wool is much wanted to card and to spin ; 
If we can get a garment to cover without. 
Our other in garments are clout upon clout.* 

Our clothes we brought with us are apt to be torn, 
They need to be clouted soon after they're Avorn ; 
But clouting our garments, they hinder us nothing, 
Clouts double are warmer than single whole clothing. 

If fresh meat be wanting to fill up our dish, 

We have carrots and, pumpkins, and turnips, and fish; 

And if there's a mind for a delicate dish. 

We haste to the clam banks, and there we catch fish. 

'Stead of pottage, and puddings, and custards and pies. 
Our turnips and parsnips are common supplies ; 
We have pumpkins at morning, and pumpkins at noon, 
If it was not for pumpkins we should be undone. 

If barley be wanting to make into malt. 

We must then be contented, and think it no fault 5 

For we can make liquor, to sweeten our lips. 

Of pumpkins, and parsnips, and walnut tree chips. 

Now while some are going, let others be coming, 
For while liquor's boiling it must have a scumming; 

*Patch. 

1* 



16 ESSEX COUNTY, 

But I will not blame them, for birds of a feather, 
By seeking their fellows are flocking together. 

Then you whom the Lord intends hither to bring",' 
Forsake not the honey for fear of the sting ; 
But bring both a quiet and contented mind, 
And all needful blessings you surely will find. 

Essex was incorporated as a County, in 1643, 
It then consisted of eight townships and settle- 
ments, viz : Salem, Lynn, Enon, Ipswich, Rowley, 
Newbury, Gloucester and Cochichewic. Enon 
was, at the same Court, admitted as a town under 
the name of Wenham. Cochichewic was the 
territory now forming Andover. 

In the spring of 1668 there appears to have 
been a phenomenon witnessed in the heavens, 
which caused much alarm. From the following 
grave description, found in New England's Memo- 
rial, we should conclude that it was an exhibition of 
he zodiacal light, so frequently witnessed at this 
day; but the description affords a good illustration of 
the manner in which the venerables of that period 
looked upon the display of celestial phenomena: 
*' There appeared a sign in the heavens in the form 
of a spear, something thicker in the middest than 
at either end, of a whitish bright color ; it was seen 
several nights together in the Vrcst, about an hour 
within the night; it stood stooping and the one 
end pointing to the setting of the sun, and so set- 
tled downwards by little and little, until it quite 
vanished, and descended beneath the horizon." 
In the preceeding autumn, ''there was heard sev- 
eral loud noises or reports, as if it had been guns 
discharged in the air, first one distinctly, and in a 
short time as it had been a volley of shot dis- 
charsred." 



Historical sketch. 17 

The year 1671 was remarkable for the violence 
of its storms. On the 18th of January there was 
a great snow storm, with much thunder and light- 
ning. On Sunday, the 18th of May there was a 
thunder storm, in which a house at Ipswich was 
struck. During another storm, it is said, " a sheet 
of fire descended." 

During the Indian wars, this County furnished 
many soldiers for the field ; particularly in the 
Pequot war, and in the great war with King Philip. 
In this last, about seventy of the most promising 
young men of whom the County could boast, were 
cut off in a single battle, on the 18th of September, 
1675 at the village of Muddy Brook, in Franklin 
County. They were commanded by Capt. Thom- 
as Lathrop, of Beverly, and appear to have halted 
near a swamp to regale themselves upon the grapes, 
in the very midst of an Indian ambuscade of seven 
hundred warriors ; Hubbard, however, has it that 
they were on the march when th-e attack was 
made. But ten of the whole company escaped. 

In 1680, a great comet appeared which was the 
largest ever seen, and terrified the people of New 
England as well as Europe exceedingly. It was 
the great Newtonian comet; and will not appear 
again until the year 2255, its period being five 
hundred and seventy-five years. The train is rep- 
resented to have reached near half way across the 
heavens. 

In 1686, the government of SirEdmand Andros 
went into operation ; and the people of Essex 
County, manifested their dissatisfaction, by refus- 
ing to assess the taxes granted by him and his 
council. At Ipswich, the Selectmen were fined 
from twenty to thirty pounds each and Mr Wise, 



18 ESSEX COUNTY. 

the minister, together with one or two others^ 
was imprisoned. 

In 1692 the memorable witchcraft delusion be 
gan to rage in this County. It had made its 
appearance in the colony some years before, and 
for more than a century, had been a terrible 
scourge to some portions of England. But it was 
ever a matter upon which much diversity of opin- 
ion existed ; many were the discussions held, and 
many the books written upon the subject by the 
learned and pious of Europe. We have before us 
at this moment, several tracts from able hands, 
treating upon the fearful mysteries ; one of them 
printed at London as early as 1653. But we must 
keep to our own land. Here, it is well known, 
during those trying times, many of the wise and 
good ceased not to declare that witchcraft was but 
an evil of the imagination, and continued, at their 
peril, to exhort their fellow-citizens to return to the 
guidance of reason. But, alas, by far the largest 
number of the wise and good were themselves par- 
takers in the delusion ; and hence are we forced 
to perceive that the strange doctrines were founded 
upon a principle of our nature — a principle which, 
as God's handiwork remains unchanged ; and it 
becomes us to consider the tendency of our pop- 
ular conceptions, lest the time should again arrive? 
for the exhibition of scenes as terrific, though 
perhaps of a different tenor. This remark may 
appear idle, but, are not some of the cherished 
opinions of the present "enlightened age," as ri- 
diculous as those of 1692 ? 

We propose giving a brief account of one or two 
cases out of the many that occurred during the 
memorable delusion; and perhaps it would be best 
to do so by extracts from a publication of that pe- 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 19 

fiod, as the ancient style would do more towards 
conveying a correct impression, than any other 
mode of description that could be adopted. What 
follows, therefore, is from a book printed in 1693, 
and sure are we, that the reader will be astonished 
to find with what gravity " Increase Mather, Pres- 
ident of Harvard College," describes the absurd 
transactions, 

" On the nineteenth day of March last, I went 
to Salem Village, and lodged at Nathaniel Inger- 
sol's near to the Minister's, Mr P.'s house, and pre- 
sently after I came into my lodging, Capt. Walcut's 
daughter, Mary, came to Lieut. Ingersol's and 
spake to me ; but suddenly after, as she stood by 
the door, was bitten, so that she cryed out of her 
wrist, and looking on it with a candle, we saw ap- 
parently the marks of teeth, both upper and lower 
set, on each side of her wrist. 

" In the beginning of the evening I went to 
give Mr P. a visit. When I was there, his kins- 
woman, Abigail Williams, (about twelve years of 
age) had a grievous fit ; she was at first hurried 
with violence to and fro in the room, (though Mrs 
Ingersol endeavored to hold her) sometimes mak- 
ing as if she v.'ould fly, stretching up her arms as 
high as she could, and crying, * whish, whish, 
whish,' several times ; presently after she said, 
there was goodwife N. and said, ' Do you not see 
her ? Why here she stands !' And she said 
goodwife N. offered her The Book, but she was 
resolved she would not take it, saying often, * I 
wont, I wont, I wont take it, I do not know what 
book it is, I am sure it is none of God's Book, it 
is the devil's book for ought I know.' After that 
she run to the fire, and begun to throw fire-brands 



20 Essex county. 

about the house, and run against tlie back, as if 
she would run up chimney, and, as they said, she 
had attempted to go into the fire in other fits. 

" On Lord's Day, the twentieth of March, there 
were sundry of the afflicted persons at meeting, as 
Mrs Pope, and Goodwife Bibber, Abigail Williams, 
Mary Walcut, Mary Lewis, and Doctor Grigg's 
maid. There were also at meeting Goodwife C. 
(who was afterwards examined on suspicion of be- 
ing a witch). They had several sore fits in the time 
of public worship, which did something interrupt me 
in my first prayer, being so unusual. After psalm 
was sung, Abigail Williams said to me, ' Now 
stand up, and name your text ! ' And after it was 
read, she said, * It is a long text.' In the begin- 
ning of sermon, Mrs Pope, a woman afflicted, said 
to me, ' Now there is enough of that.' And in 
the afternoon, Abigail Williams, upon my referring 
to my doctrine, said to me, * I know no doctrine 
you had, if you did name one, I have forgot it.' 

" In sermon time, when Goodwife C. was pre- 
sent in the meeting-house, Abigail Williams called 
out, ' Look where Goodwife C. sits on the beam 
suckling her yellow bird betwixt her fingers!' 
Ann Pitman, another girl afflicted, said, there was 
a yellow bird sat on ray hat as it hung on the pin 
in the pulpit ; but those that were by, restrained 
her from speaking loud about it. 

" On Monday the twentyfirst of March, the 
magistrates of Salem, appointed to come to exam- 
ination of Goodwife C. And about twelve of the 
clock they went into the meeting-house, which 
was thronged with spectators. Mr Noyes began 
with a very pertinent and pathetical prayer ; and 
Goodwife C. being called to answer to what was 
alledged against her, she desired to go to prayer, 
which was much wondered at, in the presence of 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 21 

SO many hundred people ; the magistrates told her 
they would not admit it ; they came not there to 
hear her pray, but to examine her, in what was 
alledged against her. The worshipful Mr Ha- 
thorne asked her, why she afflicted those children ? 
She said she did not afflict them. He asked, who 
did then? She said, ' I do not know; how should 
I know?' The number of the afflicted persons 
were about that time ten, viz : four married wo- 
men, Mrs Pope, Mrs Putnam, Goodwife Bibber, 
and an ancient woman, named Goodall ; three 
maids, Mary Walcut, Mary Lewis, at Thomas 
Putman's, and a maid at Dr Grigg's ; there were 
three girls from nine to twelve years of age, each 
of them, or thereabouts, viz : Elizabeth Parris, 
Abigail Williams, and Ann Putman ; these were 
most of them at Goodwife C.'s examination, and 
vehemently accused her in the assembly of afflict- 
ing them, by biting, pinching, strangling, &lc. 
And that they did in their fits see her likeness 
coming to them, and bringing a book to them ; she 
said, she had no book ; they affirmed, that she had 
a yellow bird, that used to suck betwixt her fingers, 
and being asked about it, if she had any familiar 
spirit, that attended her? She said, she had no 
familiarity with any such thing. She was a gospel 
woman ; which title she called herself by ; and 
the afflicted persons told her, ah ! she was a gospel 
witch. Ann Putman did there affirm, that one day 
when Lieut. Fuller was at prayer at her father's 
house, she saw the shape of Goodwife C. and she 
thought Goodwife N. praying at the same time to 
the devil ; she was not sure it was Goodwife N. 
she thought it was ; but very sure she saw the 
shape of Goodwife C. The said C. said, they were 
poor distracted children, and no heed to be given 
to what they said. Mr Hathorne and Mr Noyes 



22 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



replied, it was the judgment of all that were pre* 
sent, they were bewitched, and only she the ac- 
cused person said, they were distracted. It was 
observed several times, that if she did but bite 
her under lip in time of examination, the persons 
afflicted were bitten on their arms, wrists, and pro- 
duced the marks before the magistrates, ministers, 
and others. Arid being watched for that, if she 
did but pinch her fingers, or grasp one hand hard 
in another, they were pinched, and produced the 
marks before the magistrates, and spectators. Af- 
ter that, it was observed, that if she did but lean 
her breast, against the seat in the meeting house, 
(being the bar at which she stood) they were af- 
flicted. Particularly Mrs Pope complained of 
grievous torment in her bowels, as if they were 
torn out. She vehemently accused the said C. as 
the instrument, and first threw her mufi" at her ; 
but that flying not home, she got her shoe, and hit 
Goodwife C. on the head with it. After these pos- 
tures were watched, if the said C. did but stir her 
feet, they were afflicted in their feet, and stamped 
fearfully. The afflicted persons asked her, why 
she did not go to the company of witches which 
were before the meeting-house mustering? Did 
she not hear the drum beat? They accused her 
of having familiarity with the devil, in the time of 
examination, in the shape of a black man whisper- 
ing in her ear; they affirmed that her yellow bird 
sucked betwixt her fingers in the assembly, and 
order being given to see if there were any sign, 
the girl that saw it, said, it was too late now ; she 
had removed a pin, and put it on her head ; which 
was found there sticking upright. 

" Tiiey told her, she had covenanted with the 
devil for ten years, six of them were gone, and 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 23 

four more to come. She was required by the mag- 
istrates to answer that question in the catechism, 
How many persons be there in the God-head 1 
She answered it oddly, yet was there no great 
thing to be gathered from it ; she denied all that 
was charged upon her, and said, they could not 
prove a witch ; she was that afternoon committed 
to Salem prison ; and after she was in custody, 
she did not so appear to them, and afflict them as 
before." 

"The thirtyfirst of March, there was a public 
fast kept at Salem on account of these afflicted 
persons. And Abigail Williams said that the 
witches had a sacrament that day at a house in the 
village, and that they had red bread and red drink. 
The first of April, Mercy Lewis, Thomas Putnam's 
maid in her fit, said, they did eat red bread like 
man's flesh, and would have had her eat some, but 
she would not. 

" The first of April also, Mercy Lewis aforesaid, 
saw in her fit a white man, and was with him in a 
glorious place, which had no candles nor sun, yet 
was full of light and brightness ; where was a 
great multitude in white glittering robes, and they 
sung the song in the fifth of Revelation, the ninth 
verse, and the one hundred and tenth Psalm, and 
the one hundred and fortyninth Psalm ; and said 
with herself, * How long shall I stay here ! let me 
be along with you ; ' she was loth to leave this 
place, and grieved that she could tarry no longer. 
This white man hath appeared several times to 
some of them, and given them notice how long it 
should be before they had another fit, which was 
sometimes a day, or a day and a half, or more or 
less, it hath fallen out accordingly." 

From "Remarks concerning the accused/' we 
extract as follows : 



24 ESSEX COUNTY. 

" In time of examination, they seemed little af- 
fected, though all the spectators were much grieved 
to see it." '* Natural actions in them, produced 
preternatural actions in the afflicted, so that they 
are their own image without any poppits of wax or 
otherwise." *' The witches had a fast, and told 
one of the afflicted girls, she must not eat, because 
it was fast day, she said she would : they told her 
they would choake her then ; which when she did 
eat was endeavoured." 

Before the delusion vanished, more than a hun- 
dred had been imprisoned, nineteen hung, and one 
pressed to death. 

The first discovery of the northern lights, from 
this region, of which Vv'e have any certain account, 
was on the night of the 17th of December, 1719. 
They appear by descriptions published at the time, 
to have made a very brilliant display, and to have 
assumed more of a red, fiery appearance, than we 
at present observe. The corruscations are repre- 
sented as having been distinctly heard ; and the 
people were very much alarmed. 

The greatest earthquake ever known in this 
quarter took place on the 18th of November, 1755 ; 
the same day on which Lisbon was destroyed. It 
commenced a little after four in the morning and 
continued about four minutes ; chimneys were 
thrown down, clocks stopped, and much glass 
broken, 

A printing establishment was commenced at 
Salem in 1768, by Samuel Hall, of Medford, and 
this was the third place in all Massachusetts 
Province, where a press was established ; the first 
being at Cambridge, and the second, at Boston. 
Hall commenced the Essex Gazette in August, of 
that year. The second newspaper published in 
Salem was commenced in June, 1774, and called 
the Salem Gazette. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 25 

It may not be uninteresting here, to give a brief 
notice of some of the fashions of dress prevalent 
among our fathers. About the commencement of 
the Revolution, red cloaks, wigs and cocked hats 
were in general use among gentlemen, and boys 
also wore the two latter articles. Knee and shoe 
buckles were so fashionable, that none who could 
possibly afford them went without. It was cus- 
tomary for the bride and bridegroom, together 
with the bride's-maid and groom's-man, to attend 
church together, for three successive Sabbaths, 
after the wedding. They wore different dresses 
each day, which were more or less splendid, as their 
circumstances would admit; those of the more 
wealthy were trimmed with gold lace. It is said of 
a gentleman who died in the vicinity of Salem, a 
few years since, that he came out the first Sabbath 
in white broadcloth, the second in blue, and the 
third in peach-bloom. At funerals it was custom- 
ary to present the clergyman, and sometimes the 
physician and near relatives, with gold finger rings. 
Dr Andrew Elliot, of Boston, is said to have left a 
mug full of these presentation rings ; with ladies, 
hoops were indispensable in full dress ; and so 
nice must they appear, that in fashionable circles, 
to prepare for a party, they were sometimes dressed 
the day before, sleeping upon easy chairs during 
the night, that their hair might be kept in a fit con- 
dition for the coming occasion. Within the pre- 
sent century, gentlemen wore cues and hair pow- 
der, and many were accustomed to sit upwards of 
half an hour daily under the barber's hands. 

In the war of the Revolution, four regiments 
from this County, were early in the field ; a part 
of them at the battle of Bunker Hill. 



26 ESSEX COUNTY. 

The first cloth ever manufactured in this coun- 
try, was made in Essex County, at Rowley. The 
j&rst woollen factory in Massachusetts was at New- 
bury. Nails were first cut at Amesbury. 

The 19th of May, 1780, was the famous dark day. 
In Essex County, the darkness was said to be more 
gross than in any other part of Massachusetts. 
The cattle and the fowls retired to their nightly 
abodes, and candles were required in the dwellings. 
The succeeding night, says a writer of that time, 
"was probably as gross as ever has been observed 
since the Almighty fiat gave birth to light. It 
wanted only palpability to render it as extraordina- 
ry as that which overspread the land of Egypt in 
the days of Moses. I could not help conceiving 
at the time, that if every luminous body in the uni- 
verse had been shrouded in impenetrable shades, 
or struck out of existence, the darkness would not 
have been more complete. A sheet of white pa- 
per held within a few inches of the eyes, was equal- 
ly invisible with the blackest velvet." The dark 
day appears to have created more terror in New 
England, than any other event on record. Vast 
numbers supposed that the sun had shone upon the 
earth for the last time. 

During the war of 1812, the maritime towns of 
this County suffered much by the destruction of 
their commerce ; but good may have grown out of 
the immediate evil, as the energies of the people 
were directed in a greater degree to Manufactures. 

This County is traversed by a number of rivers 
and streams which afford facilities for inland navi- 
igation and the establishment of manufactories. 
Bass River commences in the north parish of Bev- 
erly and falls into Beverly Harbor. Chebacco 



COURTS. 27 

River commences on the boundary of Hamilton 
and Essex and falls into Chebacco Bay. Ipswich 
River commences at Wilmington, Middlesex Coun- 
ty, and falls into Ipswich Bay. West (or Litile) 
River commences in New Hampshire and falls in- 
to the Merrimack. Little River commences in 
West Newbury, and falls into Parker River. Mer- 
rimack River commences in New Hampshire and 
passing through the north part of the County, sep- 
arating Dracut, (Middlesex County) Methuen, Ha- 
verhill, Amesbury, and Salisbury, from the rest of 
the State, falls into the ocean at Newbury. North 
River, Parker River, and others, running in vari- 
ous directions. 



BOUNDARIES AND POPULATION. 

The County of Essex is bounded North by the 
State of New Hampshire, East and South by Massa- 
chusetts Bay and the town of Chelsea, and "West by 
Middlesex County. It is thirtyeight miles long, and 
twentyfive miles wide; and is more densely populated 
than any other county of its size in the United States. 
In 1790, the population was 57,913; in 1800, 61,196; 
in 1810, 71,888; in 1820, 74,655, in 1830, 82,887. 



OFFICERS, COURTS, &c. 

Sheriff — Joseph E. Sprague, of Salem. [The 
names of the Deputies appear in the several towns.] 

The sheriff is the chief executive of the County. 
He is appointed by the Governor, with the advice and 
consent of the Council, for the term of five years, the 
right to remove him, at any time previous to the ex- 
piration of the term, being reserved in the power 
which appoints him. He has the appointment of his 



28 ESSEX COUNTT. 

deputies and the jailors, and takes security of tber/f, 
ibr the faithful discharge of their duties, he being"^ 
.inswerable for the mal-feasaiice and nds-feasance of 
»uch officers. He is required to execute the judg- 
ments of all judicial courts. 

Supreme Judicial Court. — Justices, Lemuel Shaw, 
of Boston (Chief), Samuel Putnanij of Boston, Sam- 
uel Sumner Wilde, of Boston, Marcus Morton, of 
Taunton. Attorney General, James T. Austin, of 
Boston* Reporter of Decisions, Octavius Pickering, 
of Boston. The terms in Essex County are: Law 
Term — At Salem, on the 6th Tuesday next after the 
4th Tuesday in September. J\Pisi Prius Term — At 
Ipswich, on the 8th Tuesday next after the 1st Tues- 
day in March. 

Court of Common Pleas. — Chief Justice, Artemas 
Ward. Associate Justices, Solomon Strong, of Leo- 
minster, John M.Williams, of Taunton, David Cum- 
mins, of Salem. District Attorney for Northern 
District, Asahel Huntington, of Salem. This court 
tries all appeals from Justices of the Peace, and has 
original jurisdiction in all civil actions, where the debt 
or damage demanded exceeds twenty dollars; not, 
howevcrj including chancery or equity proceedings, 
which must always be commenced in the Supreme 
Judicial Court. It has also original jurisdiction of aU 
crimes against the State, excepting capital crimes, or 
such as are punishable with death, of which the Su- 
preme Judicial Court has sole cognizance, although 
the indictment in these cases must be found at the 
Court of Common Pleas, there being no provision for 
the attendance of a grand jury at the higher Court. 
This Court sits at Ipswich on the third Monday of 
March and third Monday of December; Salem, third 
Monday of June; Newbury port, third Monday of 
September. 

County Commissioners. — Asa W, Wildes, John W, 
Proctor, Moses Newell. Special Commissioners, 
David Putnam, William Whipple. These officers 
are elected by the people for the term of three yearsc 
They are not a Court of Record, and do not hold their 



COURTS. ^D 

offices hy the same tenure as that prescribed by the 
Constitution for Judicial officers. Their duties chietiy 
relate to laying out, altering, and discontinuing high- 
ways; building and repairing court houses, jails, &c.; 
managing houses of correction; licensing inn-holders, 
retailers and victuallers; apportioning county taxes; 
providing buildings for county officers, &c. Their 
meetings are held as follows: At Ipswich on the 2d 
Tuesday of April; at Saleni, 2d Tuesday of July; at 
Newburyport, 2d Tuesday of October and 4th Tues- 
day of December. Other meetings^ at Salem, Ipswicii 
or Newburyport, as may be determined at any pre- 
ceding meeting. 

Probate Court. — Judge, Daniel A. White, of Salem. 
Register, Nathaniel Lord, jr.^ of Ipswich. 

The Judge and Register of Probate are appointed 
by the Governor and Council; the Judge, for the 
term of good behaviour, and the Register during the 
pleasure of the power which appoints him. The 
Judge holds Courts, for the settlement of the estates 
of persons deceased with or without wills; and the 
Register records the proceedings of the Courts. 

The records are kept at the Probate Office in Ips- 
wich. The Court sits as follows: at Ipswich on the 
first Tuesday in February, March, May, June, Au- 
gust, September, November and December; at New- 
buryport on the 2d Tuesday in March, June, Septem- 
ber' and December; at Haverhill on the 3d Tuesday 
in April and October; at Gloucester on the 2d Tuesday 
in May and November; at Andover (North Parish), 
on the 3d Tuesday in January; at Andover (South 
Parish), on the 3d Tuesday in July; at Salem on the 
1st Tuesday in January, April, July and October, 
and on the 3d Tuesday in February, May, August and 
November; at Marblehead on the Wednesday follow- 
ing the 1st Tuesday in April and October; at Lynn 
on° the Wednesday following the first Tuesday in 
January and July. 

Register of Deeds, Ralph H. French. This officer 
is elected every five years, by the written votes of such 



30 ESSEX COUNTY. 

persons as are qualified to vote for Representatives ; 
but he may be removed from office before the expira- 
tion of his term, for misconduct in the discharge of 
his duty, by the County Commissioners; the Clerk of 
the Court of Common Pleas performing the duties of 
the office during any vacancy. The Register is to 
reside in a shire-town, and keep at his office the books, 
records, files and papers of his department, having 
his office open daily. He is to register all deeds and 
conveyances of real estate, and also to record all 
depositions taken in perpetual remembrance, and 
some other matters of a similar nature. 

The office is kept at Salem, in a fire proof building 
belonging to that town. 

Clerk of the Courts, John Prince, jr. This officer 
acts as Clerk of all the Courts, and of the County 
Commissioners. He is appointed by the Justices of 
the Supreme Judicial Court for the term of five years, 
but removable at the pleasure of said Court. He has 
the care and custody of all the record.s, files and pro- 
ceedings, which have heretofore been had, and remain 
in the respective offices of the Clerks of the Supreme 
Judicial Court, Court of Common Pleas, and County 
Commissioners. He is to keep up the records sea- 
sonably, and in good order, and to keep convenient 
and correct aij)habets to the same. 

Treasurer, William F. Wade. The Treasurer is 
chosen annually by the votes of such as are qualified 
to vote for Representatives. 

Justices of the Peace. — The names of these ap- 
j)ear in the several towns. They are appointed by 
the Governor and Council, for the term of seven 
years, but are not removed except by address of both 
Houses of the Legislature, or by impeachment. 
There are nearly three hundred in this county; a part 
of them, however, do not act, not having taken the 
oath of office. About one fifth of the whole number 
are of the Quorum. Some are Justices throughout 
the Commonwealth, and some again are authorized 
to administer oaths and qualify certain civil offices. 



MILITARY. 31 

J^^otaries Public. — These are appointed by the Gov- 
ernor and Council, for the term of seven years, and 
may be removed by them, on the address of both 
Houses of the Legislature. The names of those iu 
this county appear in the several towns. 

Coroners. — The names of these appear in the sev- 
eral towns. They are appointed by the Governor 
and Council, and hold their offices during the pleasure 
of the power by which they are appointed. 

Master in Chancery, John G. King. 



MILITARY. 

The military of this County comprises the Second 
Division of Massachusetts Militia; embracing two 
Brigades and the Salem Independent Cadets. 

DIVISIONARY^ AND STAFF OFFICERS. 

Major- General, Benjamin Stickney. of Newbury. 

Aids-de-Camp, William S. Allen, of Newburyport, 
Robert C. Stickney, of Newbury. 

Division- Inspector, Samuel Phillips, of Newbury. 

Division- (Quarter -Master, John Phillips, of Newbu- 
ryport. 

Judge-Advocate, Caleb Cushing, of Nevvburypo-rt. 

BRIGADE AND STAFF OFFICERS. 

( Brigadier- General, Samuel Avery, of Mar- 
I blehead. 

■{ Aid-de-Camp, (vacant.) 
I Brigade-Major, (vacant.) 
[ Brigade- (Quarter-Master, (vacant.) 
( Brigadier- General, Solomon Low, of Box- 
I ford. 
Second J Aid-de-Camp, John Howarth, of Andever. 
Brigade. ] Brigade-Major, (vacant.) 

I Brigade- Quarter-Master, William M:ir- 
1^ land, of Andover. 



First 
Briji-ade. 



32 ESSEX COUNTY. 



SALEM INDEPENDENT CADETS. 

Captain, Ephraim F. Miller, of Ipswich. 
Capt. Lieut., Stephen Osborn, of Salem. 
Isi Lieut., William B. Johnson, of Salem. 
Id Lieut., John S. Williams, of Salem. 
Ensign, Gideon F. Barstow, of Salem. 

FIELD OFFICERS AND ADJUTANTS OF INFANTRY. 

First Brigade. First Regiment. 

Colonel, William B. Adams, of Marblehead. 
Lieut. Colonel, Charles A. Andrew, of Salem. 
Major, Joshua Shelden, of Beverly. 
Adjutant, Thomas D. Dalton, of Marblehead. 
Second Regiment. 

Colonel, William Pool, of Gloucester. 
Lieut. Colonel, John Clark, of Gloucester. 
Major, Daniel Gilbert, of Gloucester. 
Adjutant, James Haskell, of Gloucester. 

Third Regiment. 
Colonel, Ebenezer Sutton, of Dan vers. 
Lieut. Colonel, Jesse Tapley, of Danvers. 
Major, Gustavus Atwell, of Lynn. 
Adjutant, Hazen Ayer, of Danvers. 

Regiment of Light Infantry. 
Colonel, Samuel W. Stickney, of Salem. 
Lieut. Colonel, Henry K. Oliver, of Salem, 
Major, Edward S. Davis, of Lynn. 
Adjutant, William Brown, of Salem. 

Second Brigade. First Regiment. 
Colonel, (vacant.) 

Lieut. Colonel, Samuel M. Noyes, of Newbury. 
Major, George W. Carr, of West Newbury. 
Adjutant, William E. Currier, of Newburyport. 

Second Regiment. 
Colonel, Joshua Low, of Essex. 
Lieut. Colonel, John Kimball, of Rowley. 
Major, Jeremiah Nelson, of Rowley. 
Adjutant, Caleb Cogswellj of Essex. 



MILITARY. 33 

Third Regiment. 
Colonel, David Rice, of Andover. 
Lieut. Colonel, Warren Kimball, of Haverhill. 
Major, Miffhill Spofford, of Rowley. 
Adjutant, William Brown, of Bradford. 

Fourth Regiment. 
Colonel, Amos Tappan, of Newbiiryport. 
Lieut. Colonel, Fordyce F. Lincoln, of Salisbury, 
Major, Alfred E. Goodwin, of Amesbury. 
Adjutant, Ichabod B» Morrill, of Amesbury. 

Regiment of Light Infantry. 
Colonel, Chauncey Hastings, of Haverhill. 
Lieut. Colonel, William Baker, of Ipswich. 
Major, Harrison B. Spofford, of Rowley. 
Adjutant, Jeremiah Emerson, of Haverhill. 

OFnCERS OF CAVALRY. 

Second Brigade. One Battalion. Two Companies. 
Major, Richard Dodge, of Wenham. 
Adjutant, Ira B. Dodge, of Wenham. 
Captain, Joshua Dodge, of Wenham. 
Captain, Enoch Harriman, of Bradford. 

OFFICERS OF ARTILLERY. 

First Brigade. One Regiment. 

Colonel, George Peabody, of Salem. 

Lieut. Colonel, Nathaniel J. Lord, of Salem. 

Major, Charles F. Putnam, of Salem. 

Adjutant, William H. West, of Salem. 

Captain, Edward S. Fowle, of Lynn. 

Captain, Robert Kimball, of Salem. 

Captain, Amos Pratt, of Danvers. 

Captain, William Beach, of Gloucester. 

Captain, WiWiam Haskell, of Marblehead; annexed 
to First Regiment of Infantry. 

Captain, Benjamin Dennis, of Marblehead; also an- 
nexed to First Regiment of Infantrv. 



34 ESSEX COUNTY. 

Stcond Brigade. One Battalion. 
Major, Jeremiah Goldsmith, of Andover. 
Adjutant, Joseph T. Abbott, of Andover. 
Captain, John Bradbury, of Newburyport. 
Captain, Samuel K. Hutchinson. 



SOCIETIES. 

ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

This society was organized on the 16th of Februa- 
ry, 1818. Hon. Timothy Pickering was chosen Pre- 
sident, and continued to hold that office till Septem- 
ber, 1828. He was an intelligent, practical farmer, 
and did much, both by precept and example, to give 
character and usefulness to the institution. He de- 
livered several practical and highly instructive ad- 
dresses on agricultural subjects, and furnished vari- 
ous essays and remarks, which will be found in the 
publications by the Society. Frederick Howes, suc- 
ceeded Col. Pickering u s President, and held the 
office three years. Ehenezer Moseley succeeded Mr 
Howes, and holds the office at the present time. 

In 1819 the Legislature passed '*an act for the en- 
couragement of agriculture and manuftictures," and 
by a judicious application of the bounty of the State, 
])laced the county societies in a situation to be active 
and useful. This annual bounty of the State, has, by 
successive acts, passed in 1823, 1829 and 1834, been 
continued to the present time. 

Soon after the bounty was first conferred by the 
Stale, about seven hundred citizens of the county, 
became members of the Society, and contributed ^3 
each, to constitute a permanent fund. These sub- 
scriptions, with the liberal donations of other individ- 
uals, soon established a fund of f 3000 ; from the in- 
come of this fund, and the bounty of the State, the 
Society have been enabled to appropriate from $500 
to $700 annually, in premiums, and publications for 
the encouragement of agriculture. The funds have 



SOCIETIES. 35 

been so managed with the additions thai have accru- 
ed, and the subscriptions of new members at $3 each, 
that the Society have now securely invested on inter- 
est about six thousand dollars. 

The Society have aimed to encourage those branch- 
es of agricultural industry, which are most practically 
useful, and best adapted to the farmers of Essex. 
With this view, they took the lead, in offering premi- 
ums for the management of entire farms. These 
premiums have elicited many valuable facts, as con- 
nected with the'management of some of the best farms 
in the County. They have also given about a hundred 
dollars annually for the encouragement of domestic 
manufactures, believing that the female who industri- 
ously plies her needle, her spinning wheel, or her 
loom, is as useful a member of society as he who 
holds the plough or drives the ox. The follow- 
ing is the list of officers elected Sept. 30, 1835. 

President, Ebenezer Moseley, of Newburyport. 

f Hobart Clark, of Andover, 

T7-^^ D o •/ i I David Cummins, of Salem, 
y ice F residents A t tt T-k rxj /^,.ii:n 

' } James H. Duncan, of Haverhill, 

(^ Solomon Low, of Boxford. 

Treasurer, Andrew Nichols, of Danvers. 

Secretary, John W. Proctor, of Danvers. 

Trustees, Daniel Adams, 3d, of Newbury, Stephen 
Barker, of Andover, Andrews Breed, of Lynn, Jere- 
miah Coleman, of Newburyport, Hector Coffin, of 
Newbury, Nathaniel Felton, Jr., of Danvers, Dan- 
iel Fuller, of Middleton, Edward Ford, of Beverly, 
Moses French, of Salisbury, Frederick Howes, of Sa- 
lem, Nathan W. Hazen, of Andover, Richard Jaques, 
of Newbury, William Johnson, Jr., of Andover, Jo- 
seph Kittredge, of Andover, Daniel P. King, of Dan- 
vers, Amos Kimball, of Boxford, R. A. Merriam, of 
Topsfield, Moses Newell, of West Newbury, Dan- 
iel Putnam, of Danvers, Jesse Putnam, of Danvers, 
Dean Robinson, of West Newbury, Jeremiah Spof- 
ford, of Bradford, Bowman Viles, of Lynnfield, Eras- 
tus Ware, of Marblehead. 



36 ESSEX COUNTY. 



ESSEX SOUTHERN DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. 

The Essex Southern District Medical Society con-- 
sisls of all those members of the Massachusetts Med- 
ical Society, who reside in Lynn, Marblehead, Salem, 
Dan vers, Topsfield, Beverly, Manchester, Gloucester, 
Essex, Hamilton, Wenham, and Ipswich. 

The society was formed in 1805, in pursuance of a 
vote of the Massachusetts Medical Society, authoriz- 
ing the establishment of district or subordinate asso- 
ciations, with power to hold meetings, make by- 
laws, and possess books, apparatus, &c. independent 
of the parent society. At its first formation, the mem-* 
bers made very liberal donations of books and money 
to commence a library, which has been subsequently 
much increased by subscription among the members, 
in several instances exceeding one hundred dollars at 
a time ; by assessment among the members chiefly to 
continue the series of periodical works ; by liberal 
donations from individuals of books and money, in 
one instance of $100 in money, by an apportionment, 
amounting to one third of the annual assessment paid 
the parent society. 

The library is annually increasing and at the pre- 
sent time contains many expensive and useful vol- 
umes, among which are Dr. Wm. Hunter's folio 
plates of the Gravid Uterus, Sir Astley Cooper's 
plates of Hernia, Willau's plates of diseases of the 
skin, Carswell's Pathological Anatomy, Shaw's plates 
of Distortion of the Spine, &c. Among the medical 
periodicals are the principal medical journals of Lon- 
don and Edinburgh for the last fifty years. 

The Society has lately finished a room at their own 
expense, in the Salem Lyceum, where their meet- 
ings are now held. At these meetings, the Ph^icians 
of the district have an opportunity for the agreeable 
and improving interchange of thoughts and opinions 
on medical topics ; for the production and discussion 
of rare medical cases ; for the exhibition and inspec- 
tion of specimens of morbid anatomy ; and for all 
those advantages which flow from social intercourse 
among liberal and enlightened men. 



SOCIETIES. 37 

As there are no elections into the District Society, 
any Physician residing within the district, who wish- 
es to connect himself with this society, will obtain ad- 
mission into the general society, by applying to the 
counsellors, through the Recording Secretary, and 
signing the by-laws. In case he is not a licentiate of 
the sociely, or a Doctor of Medicine of Harvard Uni- 
versity, it will be necessary to obtain a license by ap- 
plication to the board of censors, and exhibiting to 
them the medical diploma of the applicant. This li- 
cense, or a medical diploma from some college or uni- 
versity in the State of Massachusetts, is considered 
necessary to a regular standing in the profesMon, 
since, without thisj whatever medical or academical 
honors he may have received oat of the State, no 
physician is competent to enforce the penalties of 
the law in the collection of his del)ts ; and the regu- 
lations of the Massachusetts Medical Society prohibit 
consultations with all persons who are not thus quali- 
fied. At present there are nearly forty members com- 
l»osing the society. The present officers are : — 

P/-e5u/e72/, Andrew Nichols, Danvers. 

Vice President, A. L. Peirson, Salem. 

Treasurer, Sam'l Johnson, Salem. 

Librarian, Benj. Cox, Jr., Salem. 

Secretary, E. A. Holyoke, Salem. 

ESSEX HISTORICAL SOCIETY* 

This Society was incorporated June 11, 1821. It 
is located in Salem, their room being in the Salem 
Bank building. Its object is to co-operate with the in- 
stitutions of a like nature, in collecting and preserv- 
ing all authentic Jiiemorials relating to the civil his- 
tory of the County of Essex, and the eminent men 
who have been inhabitants of it from its first settle- 
ment, as well as all facts relating to its natural history 
and topography, and thus to provide the most ample 
materials for an authentic histoiy of this part of the 
commonwealth. The officers are : 

President, Benjamin Pickman. 



38 ESSLX COUNTV. 

Vice President, Ichabod Tucker. 
Corresponding Secretary, John G. King. 
Recording Secretary, Joseph G. Waters. 
Treasurer, Frederick Howes. 
librarian arid Cabinet keeper, Charles A. Andrew. 

ESSEX COUNTY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 

This Society was organized, Dec. 18, 1833. It is 
located at Salem, and its objects are : To form a 
complete collection of natural productions, curiosities, 
&c., particularly of this County ; and. To form a Li- 
brary of standard books on the natural sciences. 
Their rooms are in Essex Place, where are deposited 
their Cabinet and Library. For the two last seasons 
their rooms have been opened on Friday of each 
week, from June till October, for the exhibition of 
fruit, flowers, &c. The Society now consists of 
about one hundred members. Any person residing 
in the County may become a member of the Society, 
by signing the Constitution and paying two dollars 
per annum, or twenty dollars for a life membership. 
The annual meetings are held on the third Wednes- 
day in June. 

President, Andrew Nichols, of Dan vers. 

1st Vice President, William Oakes, of Ipswich. 

2rf Vice President, Gardner B. Perry, of Bradford. 

Secretary and Treasurer, Henry Wheatland, of Sa- 
lem. 

Cabinet Keeper and Librarian, William P. Rich- 
ardson, of Salem. 

Curators, John C. Lee, of Salem, William Pres- 
cott, of Lynn, John M. Ives, of Salem, Charles G. 
Page, of Salem, 

ESSEX C.OUNTY TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 

The praiseworthy objects of this Society are indica- 
ted by its title, '^he officers are : 

President, Nehenaiah Cleaveland, of Trpsfield. 

Vice Presidents, Charles Lawrence, of Salem, Ne- 
hemiah Cleaveland, Jr. of Byfield, Gilman Parker, of 
Haverhill, Ingalls Kittredge," of Beverly. 



SOCIETIES. 39 

Executive Committee, Gardner B. Perry, of Bradford, 
N. W. Williams, of Newburyport, Thomas B. Fox, of 
do., C. 0. Kimball, of Methueii, Benj. Porter Cham- 
berlain, of Salem, Benj. Greenleaf, of Bradford, and 
Josiah Newhall, ofLynn. 

Secretary, Charles O. Kimball, of Methuen. 

Treasurer, William Dean, of Salem. 

ESSEX COUNTY ANTI SLAVERY SOCIETY. 

This Society holds, "That the people of New Eng- 
land are both directly and indirectly guilty of the sin 
of Slaveholding, and are therefore under obligation 
to exert all christian means to effect the immediate, 
entire and unconditional emancipation of the Slaves." 

President, Gardner B. Perry, of Bradford. 

Vice Presidents, Cyrus P. Grosvenor, of Salem, 
Charles C. Sewall, ofDanvers, David T. Kimball, 
of Ipswich, Isaac Winslow, ofDanvers, Gilman Par- 
ker, of Haverhill, Ingalls Kittredge, of Beverly, Amos 
Pettingill, of Newburyport. 

Recording Secretary, Benjamin H. Ives, of Salem. 

Corresponding Secretary, Thos. Spencer, of Salem. 

Treasurer, Stephen Driver, Jr., of Salem. 

Managers, William Oakes, of Ipswich, John G. 
Whittier, of Haverhill, R. P. Waters, of Salem, Wil- 
liam B. Dodge, of Salem. 

ESSEX COUNTY TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. 

This Association was instituted in 1829, and has 
for its object, the mutual improvement of school 
teachers, and the advancement of education. They 
have semi-annual meetings, at which discussions are 
held, and lectures delivered, on subjects calculated to 
improve the condition of schools. 

President, Gardner B. Berry, of Bradford. 

Vice President, '^ehemiah Cleaveland, of Newbury^ 

Recording Secretary, David P. Page, of Newbury- 
port. 

Corresponding Secretary, Alfred Greenleaf, of Salem. 



40 ESSEX COUNTV. 



MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Divisions of Land. — The whole County contains 
about 300,000 acres, of which 18,000 are covered with 
water, and 8,000 used for roads. Tillage land, 15,000 
acres, worth f 26 per acre. English and upland mow- 
ing, 33,000 acres, worth $SS, Fresh meadow, 16,500 
acres, worth $15. Salt marsh, 16,500 acres, worth 
#14. Woodland, 24,000 acres, worth $'21. Pasture, 
1 18,000 acres, worth $12. Unimproved, 36,000 acres, 
worth $5. Unimprovable, 15,000 acres. 

Public Buildings, ^'c— The public buildings belong- 
ing to the County are: A brick Court House, with 
offices for the accommodation of the Clerk and for the 
Juries, in each of the towns of Salem and Newbury- 
port; and a wooden Court House, with the above 
appurtenances, at Ipswich: a stone jail in each of the 
three towns, with houses appended for the accommo- 
dation of the keepers: a House of Correction, of brick, 
at Ipswich: and a Probate Office, of brick, also at 
Ipswich. The Salem jail, with the keeper's house, 
were built in 1813, at an expense of about $60,000. 
The average cost of the other two jails, was about 
30,000 dollars each. The number of persons con- 
fined in each of the jails averages twentyfive; and the 
number of convicts in the House of Correction, some- 
thing like eighty. Of the Court Houses, that at 
Newburyport was the most costly, but it is in part 
owned by the town, and by them used for public pur- 
poses. 

Colored Population.— The colored population was, 
in 1790,880; in 1800, 911; in 1810,860; in 1820, 654; 
in 1830, 517. 

Slaves. — In 1754, there were 439 slaves in this 
County. The present Constitution of Massachusetts 
was established in 1780. The first article of the Dec- 
laration of Rights asserts that all men are born free 
and equal; and this was generally supposed to have 



AMESBURY. 



41 



reference to slavery; but still it was a point on 
which all did not agree. In 1781, however, at the 
Court in Worcester an indictment was found against 
a uhite man for assaulting, beating and imprisoning 
a black. His trial took place at the Supreme Judicial 
Court in 1783; and the defence was that the black 
was a slave, and the beating, &c. was but the necessary 
correction of the master. This defence did not avail; 
the white was found guilty and fined; and this decis- 
ion was the death warrant for slavery in Massachu- 
setts. 

Aged Persons. — By the census of 1830, it appears 
that the number of aged persons in this County is in 
greater proportion to the population of the State, than 
in any other section. The number of persons here, 
between 90 and 100 years, was thirty two males and 
fiftytwo females. There was no male of 100 years; 
but of the females there were two white, and one 
colored, of that age or upwards. 

Deaf, Dumb and Blind. — By the same census it ap 
peared that there were fiftynine who w'ere deaf and 
dumb, and fortytwo who were blind. 

Highest Land. — The highest land in this County is 
" Bald Pate," so called, in the western part of Row- 
ley; the hill is 329 feet above the sea. 



AMESBURY. 

Amesbury, so called from a town in Wiltshire, 
England, is bounded southerly by the M'errimack. 
which divides it from Newbury and West New 
bury, westerly by Haverhill, northerly by the New 
hampshire boundary line, and easterly by Powow 
river, which separates it from the western border 
3 



42 AMESBURY, 

of Salisbury. In the earlier records of the town, 
and in ancient books, the name is written Alms- 
bury ; and that orthography is occasionally adopt- 
ed at the present day. Previous to 1668, when 
it was incorporated into an independent township, 
it constituted a parish of Salisbury under the name 
of Salisbury New Town. Its distance from Bos- 
ton is forty miles, in a northeasterly direction ; 
from Newbury port, four miles. 

The town is six miles long, and three broad, and 
contains 9,170 acres; viz: 700 of tillage, 1,100 
upland mowing, 800 fresh meadow, 5,000 pastur- 
age, 270 woodland, 1,800 unimproved land, and 
land not particularly described. The Amesbury 
farmers have not given so much attention to mod- 
ern experiments and improvements in husbandry, 
as some of their neighbors. They have seldom been 
competitors for prizes at the annual cattle showSy 
and very few have have attended as spectators. 
The quality of their soil is about equal to the 
average of soil in the County. From legislative 
returns of 1831, it appears, the produce that year 
was 8,000 bushels indian corn, 2,500 bushels wheats 
rye, oats and barley, and 900 tons upland hay. 

This town is perhaps more broken into hills and 
djiles than any other town in the County, and 
hence its natural scenery is of a more varied and 
picturesque character. Whittier Hill, Bear Hill, 
and the Pond hills, are the chief elevations, from 
some of which the prospect, both of land and 
ocean, is very extensive and magnificent. Kim- 
ball's Pond, near the centre of the town, is a very 
beautiful sheet of water, about a mile in length. 
The perch and pickerel in its waters, the woods 
and valleys upon its borders, render it a favorite 
resort for parties of pleasure in the summer season. 



AMESBURY. 43 

Amesbury is popularly divided into three see* 
tions, viz : West Parish, or Jamaica, the Ferry 
and Mills. Jamaica borders on Haverhill, and is 
the seat of the extensive chaise manufacturing. 

The Ferry is at the southeast extremity of the 
town, at the junction of the Powow with the Mer- 
rimack and derives its name from the ancient ferry, 
which was established between this part of the 
town and Newbury. At this point the Merrimack 
alters its course, nearly at a right angle, from a 
northwest to a south west direction. Thirty years 
ago this was the seat of considerable commerce, 
several heavy ships being owned here. A great 
many vessels w^ere also built on the banks of the 
river, and some are still every year launched. The 
salmon, shad and alewive fishery was also carried 
on here. Some fish are still caught, but they are 
becoming more scarce. The last season there 
were taken about 1,500 shad and 20 barrels of ale« 
wives. Not a single salmon was drawn up on the 
Amesbury fishing ground, during the season. Tra- 
dition says, it was formerly an article in the inden- 
tures of apprentices, that they should not be 
obliged to eat salmon, oftener than six times a 
week. 

The settlement called The Mills^ is at the north- 
eastern border of the town, round the lower falls 
of the Powow. It forms a continuous settlement 
with the northwestern village of Salisbury on the 
other side of the Powow. The river is but about 
two rods in width and is crossed by several bridges. 
For many purposes the people on both sides of the 
Powow act as citizens of one town. 

The Powow river rises in Kingston, N. H. 
There are on it twelve different dams with more 



44 AMES BURY. 

or less power. At the Mills there are five dani.s 
within the space of fifty rods, the falls over which 
are in the aggregate seventy feet high. The 
stream is rapid, and when swelled in volume by a 
recent freshet, its descent over the falls forms a 
curious and beautiful spectacle. The water in the 
stream seldom wholly fails, and to recruit its cur- 
rent, when exhausted, by long drought, Kimball's 
pond, before mentioned, has been dammed up and 
converted into a reservoir. The canal, which 
forms a communication between the pond and the 
river is about one eighth of a mile in length. It 
v/as made more than a century ago. A part of it 
passes under a high hill, tunnel-wise. This tun- 
nel, in consideration of the very early period, 
when it was undertaken and completed, has al- 
ways been regarded as an object of curiosity. The 
means exist in two large ponds, near the sources 
of the Powow, of greatly increasing the water in 
the stream and creating an inexhaustible supply 
for all the mills, that can be erected on its banks. 
Water power was applied to propelling machin- 
ery in this village at a very early period. More 
than half a century ago, there was a smelting 
furnace here, and an extensive business carried on, 
in the fabrication of anchors, scythes, axes and 
other edge tools. About 1796, Jacob Perkins, 
having invented his machine for cuttinof and head- 
ing nails, set it in operation in this village. 

Most of the people of Amesbury belong to the 
productive class ; very few are raised above the 
necessity of personal exertion. All are active and 
industrious, readily find employment, and com- 
mand good wages. They have been distinguished 
for their zeal in the cause of temperance. There 
has not been for several years, and is not now a 
lingle licensed grocer in town. 



AMESBURY 45 

Josiah Bartlett, one of the signers of the de- 
claration of Independence, was a native of Ames- 
bury, and many of the same name and of his 
kindred, still remain in the place. He was edu- 
cater' at the public schools, and studied medicine 
in his native town. 

Payne Wingate, who for many years has been 
the oldest person on the catalogue of Harvard 
College, was born at Amesbury in 1739. He 
graduated in 1759, and settled in the ministry at 
Hampton Falls, in 1763. He continued in this 
profession but a short time — was elected a 
metnber of the first colonial Congress, and is the 
only member of that body now among the living. 
His residence is at Strathara, N. H. 



POPULATION. 

In 1800, the population was 1,757 ; in 1810, 1,390 ; 
in 1820, 1,956 ; in 1830, 2,445. By the last census it 
appeared there were 115 aliens, 3 colored persons, 1 
deaf and dumb. 

Ratable polls, 672. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Toivn C/erfc— Daniel Weed. 
Treasurer and Collector — Daniel Weed. 
Selectmen — Stephen Clements, John Wadligh, Josh- 
ua Colby. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyers — Robert Cross, F. Emerson. 

Physicians — Moses Carter, Israel Balch, David 
Plumer, Benjamin Atkinson. 

Justices of the Peace — Rohert Patten, Eliphalet 
Graves, Rohert Cross, Stephen Sargent, Jr. Lowell 
Bagley, William Nichols, Daniel Weed, Patton 
Sari^rent. 



46 AMESBURY. 

Postmasters — Eastern post office, Philip Osgood ;■ 
western, Edmund Sargent. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church — Orthodox Congregational ; located at 
the Ferry. Organized, and the first pastor, Thomas 
Wells, settled, 1672. Mr Wells, died July 10, 1734, 
at the age of 87. Edmund March, the second pas- 
tor, was a native of Newbury, and graduated at Har- 
vard College, in 1722 ; settled here 1728 ; died March 

6, 1791, at the age of 88. The third pastor was Eli- 
?ha Odiin ; born at Exeter, N. H. ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1731 ; settled here 1744 ; died January 21, 
1752, at the age of 41. The fourth pastor was 
Thomas Hibbert ; born at Rowley ; graduated at Har- 
vard, 1748; settled here November 6, 1754; died 
Sci)tember, 1793, at the age of 66. The fifth pastor 
was Besijamin Bell ; born in Duchess County, N. Y, 
January 21, 1752; graduated at Yale, 1779 ; settled 
here October 13, 1784, and resigned March, 1790. 
The sixth pastor was Stephen Hull ; settled here, 
1799 ; resigned, 1811. The seventh pastor was 
Benjamin Sawyer ; born at Boothbay, Maine, Sept. 
22, 1782 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1808 ; settled 
here June 19, 1816; resigned, 1835. They have 
at i)resent no settled pastor. The records of this 
church are lost down to the time of Mr Sawyer's 
settlement. 

Second Church — Orthodox Congregational ; located 
at the West Parish. Organized 1726. Pastor, Peter 
S. Eaton. Mr Eaton was born at Boxford, October 

7, 1798 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1818, and at 
Andover Theological Seminary, 1822; settled here 
September 20, 1826. 

Baptist — This Society is located in the West par- 
i.^h. Pastor, William Norris. 

Congregational Society of Ameshury and Salisbury — 
Organized December 6, 1831. Pastor, Joseph H. 
Towne. Mr Towne was born at Salem, May 27, 
1805 ; graduated at Yale, 1827; studied with Mr 
Fairchiid, of Boston ; settled here March 5, 1834. 



AMESBUllY. 



47 



Friends. — The Friends have a meeting-house at the 
Mills ; they re.f>-ularly assemble on Sunday, and the 
society is highly resjKJCtable in numbers and char- 
acter. 

Universalists. — There is a society of Univcrsalists 
here, bnt they have no settled pastor ; they hold occa- 
sional meetings at the academy. 

SCHOOLS, 

Amesbury is divided into eleven school districts, in 
each of which a school is kept apart of the year; 
in the winter for larger, in the summer for smaller 
pu))ils. $1,500 were raised for defraying the ex- 
penses of schools the present year. Total number 
of scholars, 1,222. Private schools are also kept a 
part, or the whole of the year, in diiferent sections 
of the town. At the Ferry is a handsome building, in 
a beautiful location, built by an association, for an 
Academy. In former years, a flourishing seminary 
was kept here, and it is still occasionally occupied by 
an instructor in the higher branches of education. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The Ameshury Flannel Manufaclunng Company — 
have all their buildings at the Alills, on the west, or 
Amesbury side of the Powow. This company was 
incorporated in 1822 with a capital of $200,000. 
They have two extensive factories now in operation ; 
in one of which flannels, in the other, satinets are 
fabricated. In the flannel mill are made annually 
15,000 pieces of flannel, nieasuring 46 yards each ; in 
the satinet mill, 5,000 pieces of satinet of 25 yards. 
In both mills the number of hands is 160. 80 males 
and 80 females. No females under fifteen years of 
age are employed. Both mills have been recently 
repaired and fitted with perfect machinery. Most of 
the ])roprietors belong to Boston. 

President — Ebenezer Francis, Boston. 

Treasurer — Benjamin F, Edmands, Boston. 

Clerk— ^. R. Nichols, Boston. 

Manufacturing Agent — Joshua Aubin, Amesbury. 



48 AMESBURY. 

The Salisbury Manufacturing Company — have one 
factory in operation at the Mills, on the Atnesbury side 
of the Powow and two on the other. This Com- 
pany has a capital of $500,000. They now make 650 
pieces of flannel of 46 yards every week. When 
their machinery is all cotnplete and in full operation 
they will turn out 1,000 pieces a week. They em- 
ploy 200 males and 300 females. The stock is owned 
in Boston, Salem and Newburyport. 

President — Edward S. Rand, Newburyport. 

Treasurer — John H. Treadwell, Salem. 

Clerk and Manufacturing Agent — James Scorton. 

Selling Agents — Waterston, Pray, & Co., Boston. 

There are also on the Powow, in this village, a 
grist mill, a saw mill, and a fulling mill. 

About 550 chaises are annually manufactured at 
the West Parish, giving employment to 150 hands 
and a capital of $30,000. These chaises are disposed 
of in almost every section of New England. 

ALMS-HOUSE. 

jfiTeejocr— Samuel Stuart. Number of subjects, 13. 
A farm is connected with the establishment. 

STAGES. 

A stage, meeting the Newburyport line, for Boston, 
leaves the Mills djdly, except Sunday, at 7 A. M. ; 
and returns in the evening ; and another from Dover 
and Exeter passes through for Boston every day, ex- 
cept Sunday, at 11 A. M. 

A stage passes through for Dover every day, Sun- 
day excepted, at half past two P. M. ; and another 
from Nevvburyj)ort for i)over, every Tuesday, Thurs- 
day and Saturday, at 8 A. M., returning Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday, at 4 P. M. 

A stage from Newburyport to Haverhill passes 
through every Tuesday, 1'hursday and Saturday, at 
10 A. M., and returns Monday, Wednesday and Fri- 
day, at 3 P. M. 

All these stages, with the excej)tion of the first, 
carry a mail. 



AMESBURY. 49 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

Manufacturers' Hotel, (Mills) Ichabod B. Morrill. 
West Parish House — John I. Stickney. 

INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS. 

The Salisbury and Jmesbury Provident Instilu- 
Hon — or savings vvas incorporated in 1828. 
( In May, 1835, the whole number of depositors was 
256. Amount of deposits 32,906,58. Invested in 
mortgages of real estate 9,260, in personal securities 
6,495,52. Bank stock 17,035,75. Cash on hand 150, 
88. Dividend declared and paid 5 per cent. Ex- 
penses of Institution $75. 

President — Joshua Aubin. 

Treasurer— ^ohen Patten. 

C/er^-— Jonathan B. Webster. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

S Militia. — Under the present'organization there are 
but two companies of infantry. A volunteer com- 
pany of artillery was disbanded a few years since. 
The militia system has been particularly unpopular 
in the west part of the town. In consequence, effi- 
cient men have been unwilling to hold commissions. 
For two years the Western Company has been des- 
titute of officers and all measures taken to procure 
the election of suitable persons or to parade the com- 
])any have proved inefficient. Of the East Company 
Jonathan Allen is Captain, James Rowell Lieutenant. 

Fire Department. — There are three fire engines in 
Ames bury. 

Stores. — Grocery, 7 ; dry goods and millinery, 5 ; 
others 16; total, 28. 

Town Records. — The records are extant, in good 
preservation, from the date of the incorporation of 
the town. 

Diccllings. — The number of dwellings is 406. 



50 ANDOVER. 



ANDOVEPv. 



It is not known with certainty at what period 
this town was first settled. The land was pur- 
chased of Cutshamache, the Sagamore of Massa- 
chusetts, for twentysix dollars, sixtyfour cents, 
and a coat, in behalf of the people of Cochiche- 
wick, by Rev* John Woodbridge. The town was 
incorporated in 1646, by the name of Andover, 
receiving that name from Andover, in Hampshire, 
England, whence most of the early settlers came, 
— settlers who were men of the same noble traits 
of character which distinguished those who first 
stepped upon the rock of Plymouth. 

From the proceedings of the town in 1672, we 
make the followinor amusingr extract: "Ordered, 
that whatsoever dogs shall be in the meeting house 
on the Sabbath day, the owner thereof shall pay 
sixpence for every time being there, and G. A. Jr. 
is appointed to take notice thereof and have the 
pay for his pains, and to gather it up." In 1679, 
it was " ordered by the Selectman, that no person 
entertain others in their houses after nine o'clock 
in the evening, without warrantable business, on 
penalty of five shillings. No young person to be 
abroad on Saturday or Sunday nights, nor people 
to entertain on these nights, on the like penalty. 
Persons unseasonably from their own homes, ex- 
posed to the same forfeiture. The tythingmen 
required to attend to it." 

During the Indian wars, this town was the 
scene of several bloody conflicts; houses were for- 
tified in every neighborhood, and the men carried 
their muskets with them when they attended meet- 
ing, or when they went to labor in the fields. 



ANDOVER. 



51 



The witchcraft delusion of 1692, was the occa- 
sion of much suffering here; the wife of Thomas 
Carrier was among those executed. Carrier died 
at Colchester, Conn. May 16, 1735, at the age of 
109 years ; and what was remarkable, his head 
had neither become bald nor gray. 

About one hundred soldiers from this town were 
in the field during the whole of the war of the 
Revolution, paid and clothed by the town. 

Andover is much the largest township in the 
whole County, containing 35,738 acres. Tt is 
eight miles south of Haverhill ; twentytwo north 
of Boston ; sixteen northwest of Salem, and twenty 
southwest of Newburyport. Bounded northwest 
by the Merrimack which separates it from Dracut 
and Methuen ; northeast by Bradford and Boxford ; 
southeast by Middleton ; south by Reading and 
Wilmington, and southwest by Tewksbury. Most 
of the soil is excellent; and the farming establish- 
ments have an appearance of affluence seldom 
witnessed. The town is well watered. Mcrri- 
mack river runs along the northwest side ; Cocli' 
ichewick Brook issues from Great Pond in the 
northeast, and empties into the Merrimack. The 
Shawshin river rises in Lexington, and passing 
through Billerica, Wilmington, Tewksbury, and 
Andover, empties into the Merrimack. Great 
Pond, in the northeast part of the town, covers 
about 450 acres, and is a fine place for fish ; its 
banks also affording much feathered game. Hag' 
gctVs Pond, in the west parish, covers about 220 
acres, and is a place of frequent resort, in the sum- 
mer season, for parties of pleasure. This pond, it 
is thought, might easily be made of great advan- 
tage for manufacturing purposes, by connecting it 
with the Shawshin. There are several other ponds 



52 



ANDOVER. 



of less extent, which are rendered valuable by 
affording good water privileges. 

The air of this town is uncommonly salubrious, 
and the scenery presented from the elevations in 
every section, is at once grand and beautiful. The 
view presented from the eminence on which the 
Theological Institution is located, is so prettily 
described in an article in a late number of the 
Religious Magazine, that we cannot forbear pre- 
senting an extract. " Our object does not permit 
us even to linger in the grove or around the bower, 
where Mills and Judson, and their associates 
walked and conversed, and prayed, when consid- 
ering the wants and woes of the neglected hea- 
then. We have time only to say, that the sur- 
rounding amphitheatre of hills which lie in pleasing 
elevation along the horizon, the rich and fertile 
spots upon their sides, covered with exuberant 
vegetation, and smiling upon the distant beholder, 
the intervening valleys, through one of which 
meanders the placid Shawshin, on its way to its 
labor-saving task in turning the ponderous wheels, 
and giving motion to the complicated and nimble 
machinery of the adjacent factories, the happy in- 
termingling on every side of field and woodland, 
and the gorgeous golden sunsets at the soft and 
balmy hour of evening, render it one of the most 
enchanting places for a summer residence, in all 
New England." 



POPULATION. 

The population in J800, was 2941 5 in 1810, 3164 
in 1820, 3889 ; in 1830, 4540. 
Ratable Polls, 1177. 



ANDOVER. 53 



TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — William Stevens. 
Town Treasurer — Samuel Johnson. 
Selectmen and Assessors — John Peters, John Flint, 
Nathan Shattuck. 

PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, JUSTICES, &C. 

Lawyers — Hobart Clark, Samuel Merrill, N. W. 
Hazen, William Stevens. 

Physicians — Joseph Kittredge, Jonas Underwood, 
Samuel Johnson, Jr. Daniel Wardvvell, Francis^Clark, 
Nathaniel Swift. 

Justices of the Peace — the jive Jirst being of the 
Quorum — Mark Newman, Hobart Clark, Samuel 
Farrar, Samuel Merrill, Nathaniel Swift. John L. 
Abbot, John Adams, Gayton P. Osgood, William 
Johnson, Jr. Amos Blanchard, Nathan W. Hazen. 

Notary Public — Nathaniel Swift. 

Coroners — John Adams, Nathaniel Swift. 

Deputy Sheriff— Moody Bridges. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church — Unitarian ; located in the North 
Parish ; founded Oct. 24, 1645. The first pastor was 
John Woodbridge. He was born at Stanton, Eng. 
J 613 ; settled here the day on which the church was 
constituted ; resigned 1647, and went to England, 
where he preached till ejected under Charles H. ; re- 
turned and lived at Newbury, where he died March 
17, 1695. The second pastor was Francis Dane, 
settled 1648. The third, (a collague) Thomas Bar- 
nard, settled 1682. The fourth, John Barnard, set- 
tled April 8, 1719. The fifth, William Symmes, 
settled Nov. 1, 1758. The sixth, and present pastor, 
Bailey Loriug, was born at Duxbury, Dec. 10, 1786 ; 
graduated at Brown University, 1807 ; studied with 
Dr Allen, of Duxburv, and at Cambridge ; settled 
here. Sept, 19, 1810.' 

Second Church — Orthodox Congregational ; loca- 
ted in the South Parish, organized Oct. 17, 1711 ; at 
present without a pastor. 



■54 ANDOVER. 

Orthodox Congregational, at North Parish, Jess* 
Pasfe, pastor. 

West Parish. — Orthodox Congregational, gathered 
Dec. 5, 1826 •, pastor, Samuel C. Jackson. Mr 
Jackson was born at Dorset, Vt., March 13, 1802 ; 
graduated at Middlebury, 1821 ; studied at the The- 
ological Seminary in Andover ; settled here, June 6, 
1827. 

£«oh'sf.— Located at South Parish; organized 1832; 
at present without a settled pastor. 

Methodist. — Located at the South Parish ; Shipley 
W. Willson, pastor. 

Episcopalians. — A society of this sect has recently 
been organized in the South Parish. 

SEMINARIES. 

Theological Institution. — This institution was foun- 
ded in 1807 ; and its funds at present are about 
$500,000. The buildings are located in the South 
Parish, and are three in number, exclusive of the 
steward's house ; they are very large, built of brick, 
with slated roofs and green Venetian blinds. The 
library belonging to the Seminary, contains between 
twelve and thirteen thousand volumes ; and besides 
this there are two other libraries, one belonging to 
the Porter Rhetorical Society, containing from two 
to three thousand volumes ; the other belonging to 
the Society of Inquiry respecting Missions, containing 
from one to two thousand volumes. There is an 
Atheneum and News Room supported by the students, 
at which the principal newspapers, reviews, maga- 
zines, &c. are received. Appended to the institution 
is a commodious Mechanics' shop, where the students 
have an opportunity of exercising themselves in car- 
pentering or cabinet work. There is a musical 
society in the Seminary, the president of which is 
paid by the trustees as teacher of sacred music. 
The term of study is three years. The first year is 
occupied principally in the study of the Bible in ics 
original tongues ; the second year is occupied in the 



ANDOVER. 55 

Study of systematic theology ; the third year is chiefly 
devoted to the study of ecclesiastical history, and the 
composition of sermons. The vacations' are, live 
weeks from the last Wednesday of April, and five 
weeks from the second Wednesday of September. 
Professors — Leonard Woods, Moses Stuart, Ralph 
Emerson, Nehemiah Adams. 

Phillips's Academy. — This institution was incorpo- 
rated Oct. 4, 1780, and is one of the first institutions 
of the kind in the country. Its funds are about 
$50,000. Precepfor — Osgood Johnson. Teacher of 
Penmanship — William Jones. Principal of the 
English Department — Rev. R, S. Hall. 

There are also one or two other schools of a 
hi'ih class in this town, for the reception of both 
male and female pupils ; the average number of 
scholars attending private schools and academies, 
being 500. 

District Schools. — Andover is divided into seven- 
teen school districts. The number of scholars, from 
four to sixteen years of age is, males, 405 ; females, 
607. Amount raised by tax for support of schools, 
$1700. 

BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANY. 

Andover Bank. — Incorporated 1826 ; capital 200,- 
000 dollars. President, Samuel Farrar. Cashier, 
Amos Blanchard. Directors, Samuel Farrar, Joseph 
Kittredge, Nathaniel Stevens, Hobart Clark, Benja- 
min H. Punchard, John Flint, Amos Abbott, John 
Smith, Abram Gould. 

Savings Bank. — This institution went into opera- 
tion in May last. Amount of deposits, $'8000. Pres- 
ident, Amos Abbott. Treasurer, John Flint. 

Merrimack Mutual Fire Insurance Company. — 
Incorporated 1828. Amount insured, between one 
and two millions. President, Hobart Clark. Secre- 
tary, Sanmel Merrill. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

There are five public houses in Andover, viz : 



OG ANDOVER. 

Mansion House, near the Theological Seminaiy, 
ke})t by Morrison ; two in the village, one by Locke, 
the other by Ward ; and two in the North Parish, 
one by Stevens, the other by Foster. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Superintendent — Ralph H. Cha idler. Number of 
subjects, between thirty and forty. About sixty per- 
sons living in town, receive some aid from the house. 

MANUFACTURES. 

North Parish. — There are three Factories in this 
Parish, belonging to Messrs Stevens, Sutton, of Dan- 
vers, and Kittrcdge. They are for the manufacture 
of flannels. 

Nathaniel Stevens's Factonj. — This contains 26 
looms, 1400 spindles, and employs about 50 opera- 
tives. The buildings are one wooden and one brick, 
each four stories high. 

Sutton's, contains 1000 spindles, 27 looms, and 40 
operatives. Building three and a half stories, of 
wood. 

Kittredge's, contains 1000 spindles, 18 looms, and 
25 operatives. Building four stories, of stone. We 
understand Dr Kittredge contemplates erecting a spa- 
cious brick factory in a few months. 

South Parish. — Marlandfy Co.'s contains 52 looms, 
and employs from 110 to 120 operatives. There are 
about 10,000 yards of excellent flannels manufactured 
every week by this company. There are two build- 
ings of brick, each three stories high. It is the inten- 
tion of the Company to extend their operations very 
considerably in a short time. 

Howarth c^* Co.'s, for flannels, contains 26 looms, 
1300 spindles, and employs about 45 operatives. 
Buildings of stone, four stories high. 

AbbotVs, for cassi meres, contains 18 looms, 300 
spindles, and employs 30 operatives. This factory 
makes about 700 yards per week. Building of wood, 
three stories high. 

Ballard Vale, for superfine flannels, contains SO 
looms, 2000 spindles, and employs 40 operatives- It 



BEVERLY. 57 

is a new brick buildino-, three stones high. The fac- 
tories ia the South Parish are all situated on the 
Shavvshin river. 

In 1824, a shop 72 by 37 feet, was built by John 
Smith, & Co., for the manufacture of machinery for 
cotton mills. It employs about 30 men. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Rail Road. — A Rail Road is now in progress, to 
extend from Haverhill to the Lowell Rail Road, in 
Wilmington, a distance of 17 miles ; to be called the 
Andover and Wilmington Rail Road ; capital 300,- 
000 dollars. President — Hobart Clark. It is sup- 
posed this road will be completed by June, 1836. 

Toivn Expenditures. — The exj^enditures for 1834 
— 5, were 7810 dollars, 44 cents. 

Stores. — The whole number of grocery and dry 
goods stores is J5 ; shoe, 3 ; bookstores, 3 ; mer- 
chant tailors, 5. 

Military. — There is one uniform company of in- 
fantry in town. Captain — Daniel P. Abbot. Lieu- 
tenant — Horatio Gleason. Ensign — D. A. Manning. 



BEVERLY. 

Beverly was first settled, as a part of Salem, 
about the year 1630, by the removal of John and 
William Woodbury, together with some others of 
Boger Conant's companions, from the south to the 
north side of Bass River. Conant himself, togeth- 
er with John Balch and others, came over soon af- 
ter. 

As early as 1649 the settlers were sufficiently 
numerous to desire of the church of Salem " some 
course to be taken for the means of grace amongst 
themselves, because of the tediousness and difficul- 
ties over the water, and other inconveniences." 
4 



6S BEVERLY. 

In 1656 a meeting-house was built, and a branch 
of the church of Salem established. 

On the 14th of October, 1668, the town was in- 
corporated by the name of Beverly ; the act of in- 
corporation running thus : " The Court on peru- 
sal of this return [on notice to Salem] judge it meet 
to grant that Bass River be henceforth a township 
of themselves, referring it to Salem, to accom- 
modate them with lands and bounds suitable for 
them, and that it be called Beverly." The first 
Town Meeting was held on the 23d of November, 
1668. 

Conant appears to have been dissatisfied with 
the name given by the Court; and on the 28th of 
May, 1671, he petitioned for its change to " Bud- 
leigh," the name of the town in England from 
whence he came. An extract from the petition 
follows : " Now my umble suite and request is 
unto this honorable Court onlie that the name of 
our town or plantation, may be altered or changed 
from Beverly and be called Budleigh. I have two 
reasons that have moved me unto this request ; the 
first is the great dislike and discontent of many of 
our people for this name of Beverly, because (wee 
being but a small place) it hath caused on us a con- 
stant nickname of beggarly, being in the mouths of 
many, and no order was given, or consent by the peo- 
ple, to their agent, for any name until they were 
shure of being a towne granted in the first place. 
Secondly, I being the first that had house in Salem, 
(and neither had any hand in nameing either that 
or any other towne) and myself with those that were 
then with me, being all from the western part of 
England, desire this western name of Budleigh, a 
market towne in Devonshire, and neere unto the sea 
as wee are heere in this place, and where myself 



BEVERLY. 59 

was borne. Now in regard of our firstnesse and 
antiquity in this soe famous a collony, we should 
umblie request this small prevaledg with your fa- 
vour and consent to give this name abovesaid un- 
to our towne. I never yet made sute or request 
unto the Generall Court for the least matter, the' 
I think I might as well have done, as many others 
have, who have obtained much without hazard of 
life, or preferring the public good before their own 
interest, which I praise God I have done. If this 
my sute may find acceptation with your worships 
I shall rest umbly thankfull and my praiers shall 
not cease unto the throne of grace, for Gods gui- 
dance and his blessing to be on all your waightie 
proceedings and that iustice and righteousness 
may be everie where administered and sound doc- 
trine, truth and holiness everie where taught and 
practised throughout this wilderness to all posterity, 
which God grant. Amen." To the petition was 
annexed the " umble desire" of Peter Woodbury 
and thirty three others, that the name of the town 
might be changed *' as abovesaid." The petition 
however was not granted. 

Among the specified duties of the sexton of the 
church, as they appear on the town book, in 1665, 
we find that he was required to " ring the bell at 
nine o'clock every night a sufficient space of time, 
as is usual in other places" and " keep and turn the 
glass." This was an hour glass, kept near the 
pulpit, in view of the minister, to guide him in his 
services; the delivery of the sermon was expected 
to occupy one hour, and if it exceeded or fell short 
of that time, it was sufficient ground for a formal 
complaint. In those days, however, there were 
many instances in which both preacher and hear- 
ers were well contented to take a second an deven a 



60 



BEVERLY. 



third glass together. The use of the hour glass 
was continued in this church for more than a cen- 
tury. 

John Hale, the first settled minister, took an ac- 
tive part in the earlier prosecutions for witchcraft 
in 1692 ; but he was brought to a sense of his error, 
on his wife's being accused. In 1697, he wrote a 
book upon the subject, which embraced the most 
rational views. 

We find the name of Beverly conspicuous in all 
patriotic proceeding of our earlier or later history. 
During the Indian wars she acted well her part. 
Thelamenied Captain Lathrop, and a number of 
his company, were from this place. On the 13th 
of June, 1776, twentyone days before the declara- 
tion of Independence, the town voted to instruct 
their Representative, Capt. Josiah Batchelder, Jr. 
"that agreeable to the resolves of the House of 
Representatives of this Colony, that should the 
Continental Congress for the safety of the Colo- 
nies declare them independent of Great Britain, 
the inhabitants of this town do solemnly engage 
t]]eir lives and fortunes to support them in the 
measure." 

Beverly is bounded north by Wenham, east by 
Manchester, west by Danvers, and south by Salem 
harbor. It is 17 miles northeast of Boston, and 
14 southwest of Gloucester. Its greatest length 
is 6 2-3 and its greatest width 3 1-2 miles. It is 
divided into two territorial parishes; the westerly, 
called the Precinct of Salem and Beverly, and the 
easterly, called the First Parish — this last contains 
two thirds of the territory, and five sixths of the 
population. About one third of the beautiful sheet 
of water called Wenham Pond lies within the lim- 
its of this town. There are several high hills in 



BEVERLY. 61 

the town ; that called Brown's Folly, within half a 
mile of the Danvers line, is the highest. From 
the summit of this hill a large portion of the Bay 
between Cape Ann and Boston, the towns of Sa- 
lem, Danvers and Marblehead, and a large tract 
of the surroundmor country mav be seen. 



POPULATION. 

In 1810, the population was 4,608; in 1820, 4,283: 
in 1880, by the United States census, 4,020; but the 
inhabitants being dissatisfied with this last result, the 
selectmen caused a census to be taken very soon after- 
ward, and found the number to be 4,231. Colored, 18. 

Ratable polls, 1,048. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Toivn Clerk — Thomas Stephens. 
Town Treasurer — Samuel P. Lovett. 
Selectmen — Charles Stephens, Fzra Ellingwood, Is- 
sacher O. Foster, Edward Stone, Charles Perrey. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyers — Thomas Stephens. 

Physicians — Ingalls Kittredge, Ingalls Kittredge, 
Jr., W. C. Boyden, Augustus Torrey, Dr. Cogswell. 

Justice of the Qiiorjim — Robert Rantoui. 

Justices of the Peace — Thomas Davis, Jonathan 
Stnith, Amos Slieldon, All)ert Thorndike. 

JVotary Public— A\hen Tliorndike. 

Postmaster — Stephens Baker. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Pirst Church. — The first church was organized on 
the 20th of September, 1667, and was composed of 
fortynine persons, dismissed from the first church in 
Salem: it was upon the congre<iational plan, and its 
first covenant and confession of faith comprised the 



QQS BEVERLY. 

doctrines of Calvinism as they were at that time gen- 
erally received in the Congregational churches. John 
Hale was the first pastor, and was ordained at the for- 
mation of the church ; he died May 15, 1700, in the 
64th year of his age, and was succeeded by Thomas 
Blowers, who was ordained October 29, 1701, and died 
June 17, 1729, in the 52d year of his age. Mr Blow- 
ers was succeeded by Joseph Chainpney, who was or- 
dained on the second Wednesday of December, 1729, 
and died March 1, 1773, in the 69th year of his age. 
Joseph Willard was ordained colleague with Mr 
Champney in November, 1772, and dismissed by mu- 
tual consent in December, 1781, he having been elected 
President of Harvard University. He died in 1804, in 
the 66th year of liis age. Joseph McKeen was or- 
dained in May, 1785, and dismissed by mutual consent 
August 23, 1802, he having been elected President of 
Bowdoin College ; he died in 1807, in the 50th year of 
bis age. Abiel Abbot was installed December 14, 1803, 
antl died June 7, 1828, aged 58. Christopher T. 
Thayer is the present minister. He was born at Lan- 
caster, June 5, 1805; graduated at Harvard, 1824; 
studied at the Divinity School of Cambridge; settled 
here January 27, 1830. The church has gradually re- 
ceded from the Calvinistic faith, and is now denom- 
inated Unitarian. This change of doctrinal views has 
been silently progressing for many years, and under 
several of the ministers. 

Second Cons;regational. — The Second Congregation- 
al Church in Beverly was organized, and the first min- 
ister, John Chipman, ordained, on the 28th of Decem- 
ber, 1715. The [)arish, called the "Precinct of Salem 
and Beverly," (it then comprising a part of Salem) was 
incorporated October 12, 1713. 

First Baptist. — The third church here was of the 
Baptist denomination, and was organized March 
20, 1801. The present meetinghouj-e was built in 
1801, and the Society was incorporated by the name 
©f the "First Calvinistic Baptist Society in Beverly," 
June 16, 1821. Rev. Mr Jennings is the present min- 
ister. 



BEVERLY. 



63 



Third Congregational (Orthodox). — The fourth 
churcli formed here is called the "Third Congrega- 
tional Church," and was organized in 1802. The so- 
ciety was incorporated March 7, 1803; and the first 
meetinghouse erected the same year. The present 
minister is Jose[)h Abbot. 

Second Baptist — The fifth church was formed in 
1828, and was of the Christian denomination. The 
society built a meetinghouse of brick at Beverly Farms, 
which was dedicated in January, 1830. Their first 
minister, Benjamin Knight, having been ordained on 
the 23d of September, 1829. This minister has been 
dismissed, and the clmrch have changed from the 
Christian denomination to the Calvinistic Baptist, and 
«t the present time Rev. Mr Gibbert is pastor. 

SCHOOLS. 

Beverly Academy. — This institution was incorporated 
January 30, 1835. The building is located on Wash- 
ington Street. Here are taught all the branches usual 
at such institutions. It comprises about thirty scholars, 
of both sexes. Preceptor, Edward Bradstreet ; Assist- 
unt, Ann Abbott. 

There are ten district schools, in which are instructed 
428 males, and 362 females In eight of the districts a 
male instructer is employed in the winter season, and 
a female in the summer. The two largest districts 
employ a male teacher most of the year, and have fe- 
male teachers a part of the year tor the younger chil- 
dren. Stephen Dodge und Daniel P. Gallop are 
instructors in these two districts. In the academy 
and private schools there are, on an average, 443 
scholars. Tiiese schools are maintained at an expense 
of 2000 dollars. There are, in the course of a year, 
twenty private schools kej)t by females, lor the instruc- 
tion of very young children. 

LIBRARIES. 

TTie Social Library, which from its foundation has 
been in a room in the Town Hall, contains about 500 
volumes, and is owned in 109 shares. 



64 



BEVERLY. 



The Second Social Library was fbriiied in 1806, and 
is restricted by the excUision of novels, romances and 
plays. 

There are Church Libraries, Juvenile Libraries, and 
Sabbath School Libraries, connected with the several 
relii^ious societies. 

There is a Circulating Library and Bookstore in the 
same building with the i)ost-office. 

BANK. 

The Beverly Bank was incorporated v/ith a capital 
of $160,000, divided into 1600 shares of $100 each, 
June 23, 1802; but February 10, 1815, its capital was 
reduced to $100,000, the nuniber of shares remaining 
the same. The par value of each share is now $62,50. 

Pre5?(/en/, William Leach; Cashier, Albert Thorn- 
dike; Directors, Fyam Lovett, Josiah Lovett, Henry 
Larcom, Charles Stephens, Samuel Endicott, Ezra 
Ellingwood. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

There is but one public house in Beverly, and that is 
kept by Thorj as Farris. It is situated near the Baptist 
meetinghouse, and has no license for the sale of «[;ir- 
itu' us liquors; neither is there any ])erson in the 
town who has such a license. 

MILITARY. 

One company of Light Infantry, organized in 1814; 
enrolled members, 65. Captain, Charles Stephens ; 
Lieutenant, Daniel Foster; Ensign, Josiah Wood- 
bury. 

Two companies of Infantry of the line. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

There are three engines, viz. Etna, Cataract and 
Alert, with hose, ladders, fire-hooks and buckets; also, 
four large water cisterns; the largest of which is built 
of brick, and will contain 13,000 gallons. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES. 

Beverly Charitable Society. — This society was in- 



BEVERLY. 65 

corporated March 1, 1807, for the purpose of raising 
a fiuifl to reheve and assist any inhabitant of Beverly 
who by reason of sickness ( r other misfortune may 
stand in need of special assistance. Its funds amount 
to about $3000, about half of which was given by the 
late Hon. Joshua Fisher, who was the founder of the 
society. 

Beverly Female Charitable Society. — This society 
has funds in the hands of trustees, and its members en- 
gage actively in relieving the wants of the aged, the 
sick and the poor. 

The Union Fire Society, established in 1804, con- 
sists of forty members, and has a fund of about $800, 
One object of the society is the relief of such of the 
members as may suffer loss by fire; another object is 
to afford special personal assistance to members whose 
pro[)erty may be endangered by fire; for which pur- 
pose each member is bound to furnish hinjself with 
buckets, a bag and other suitable articles ; and the so- 
ciety is provided with sails, ladders, and other useful 
implements lo be used in case of fire. 

Masonic Lodge. — A Masonic Lodge was established 
here in 1824, which still continues in existence. 

ALMS-HOUSE. 

Keeper, Francis Lamson. The average number of 
subjects is about '40. House built, 1803. 

STAGES. 

Three daily stages leave for Boston ; two in the 
morning, and one in the evening. The great eastern 
line passes through the centre of the town. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Agriculture. — The tillage land, and English, and 
upland mowing are about 2500 acres ; the fresh 
meadow, 381 acres; the salt marsh, 84 acres ; the 
pasturage 4000 acres. Producing 1550 tons of hay, 
and 14000 bushels of grain, and pasturing 1100 head 
of cattle. About 300 barrels of cider are made from 
the orchards, which also yields an abundant supply of 
apples for the table. Potatoes are raised to an extent 



66 BEVERLY. 

exceeding the consumption of the town. Onions^ 
beets, carrots, cabbages, turnips, and a great variety 
of other vegetables are produced, some of which are 
marketed in other places, or shipped to the West 
Indies or southern States. There are about 250 
sheep, and 500 swine kept. Butter and cheese are 
made in considerable quantities, but of the last, not 
sufficient for home consumption. There are two 
large milk farms, stocked with about sixty cows, from 
which, milk is carried to Salem daily. Grass is the 
most valuable object of culture. Wheat has some- 
limes succeeded well, but has often failed. Flax is 
raised in small quantities. Maize, or Indian corn, 
is next in importance to grass, and there are 12,000 
bushels produced annually. The whole quantity of 
grain raised within the town, is about equal to half of 
the consumption of bread stuffs. The other half 
consists principally of flour from New York and the 
middle and southern States. Of other vegetable food 
the quantity produced exceeds the consumption. The 
great extent of sea coast, furnishes ready means for 
improving the soil, by the abundant supply of sea 
manure. Mud from old muscle beds, sea weed and 
rock weed, are much used for this purpose. 

Cod Fishery. — The greatest amount of capital em- 
ployed in any one branch of business, is that em- 
ployed in the cod fishery. There are fifty vessels, 
averaging seventy tons each, making an aggregate of 
3500 tons ; valued, including the stores and outfits, at 
$100,000 ; manned by 400 men and boys. The gross 
product of this fishery may be estimated at $150,000. 

Shoe Manufacture. — About 300 males and 200 fe- 
males are employed in the manufacture of shoes, most 
of the year. 

Trade and Commerce. — About $100,000 are em- 
ployed in the coasting trade and foreign commerce. 

Distances from the First Parish Meeting House. — 
To the old State House, or City Hall, Boston, over 
Essex Bridge, and Salem turnpike, and by the usually 
travelled roads, 16 92-100 miles. To the corner of Es- 
sex and Summer Streets, Salem, by Nourse's corner 



BOXFORD. 67 

inBeverly, over Essex Bridge, and through Bridge, 
Newbury, and Essex Streets, Salem, 2 55-100 miles. 
To Wenham Meeting House, 4 46-100 miles. To 
Hamilton Meeting House, 6 14-100 miles. To the 
Court House in Ipswich, 11 26-100 miles. 

Beaver Pond. — Beaver Pond covers 21 acres. In 
it are found perch, pickerel, eels, &c. and a shell fish 
resembling the muscle of the sea shore. 

Eastern Wood. — It is estimated that three thou- 
sand cords of eastern wood are consumed in Beverly 
every year ; the quantity, however, is diminishing as 
coal becomes more generally used. 

Sane?.— Several vessels are employed in transporting 
the coarse sand from the shores of this town, to Bos- 
ton, to be used for mortar. 

Stores, <^c. — There are seven stores where the prin- 
cipal business is in dry goods ; two hard ware, and 
twenty others of different kinds. The number of 
merchants now engaged in foreign commerce, is less 
than at any former period since the Revolution. 

Taxable Property. — In the State valuation of 1831, 
Beverly stands at $973,029,06 ; but the assessors' 
valuation somewhat exceeds that sum. 

Town Expenses. — The town expenses for the last 
year amounted to $6603,74. 

Post Office Revenue. — The Post Ofiice yields to 
government about $285 annually. 

Reading Rooms. — There is a reading room attached 
to the Post Office ; and two others of less note, in 
other parts of the town. 

Cabinet Making. — There are about a dozen shops 
in which between thirty and forty hands are employed 
at this business. 



BOXFORD. 

BoxFORD formed a part of Rowley, till August, 
1685, when it was incorporated as a separate town. 
I], is twentyfour miles northeast of Boston, thir- 



68 BOXFORD. 

teen southwest of Newburyport, and ten west by 
north of Ipswich ; bounded north by Bradford and 
Rowley, east by Ipswich and Topsfield, south by 
Topsfield and Middleton, and west by Andover. 

Many Indians resided here previous to the com- 
ing of the whites. A few years ago several bodies 
were dug up, and great numbers of arrow heads, 
together with a stone mortar and pestle were found 
with them. At the breaking out of the revolution, 
the inhabitants were very spirited in the cause of 
independence, and eight from the town were killed 
at the battle of Bunker Hill. The Hon. Aaron 
Wood, a native and resident of this town, who 
died in 1791, left a legacy of 2,061 dollars for the 
support of Latin and Greek grammar schools. 

The town contains several ponds, which afford 
some useful water privileges, and form the head 
waters of Rowley and Parker Rivers. Here also 
is the source of a branch of Ipswich river. In 
the year 1680, the manufacture of iron was com- 
menced, but it was soon discontinued. 

The soil is not the most productive, but the in- 
dustry of the inhabitants has surmounted many 
natural deficiences. It is a fact worthy of notice 
that there is no place in the town where ardent 
spirits are sold. There is a cotton factory here, 
at which some business is done in the preparation 
of batting. The j)rincipal business is farming, 
though shoemaking is carried on to considerable 
extent. 



POPULATION. 



The population has remained nearly stationary 
for the last thirty years ; in 1800 it was 852 ; in ISgO, 
957. 



BOXFORD. 69 

Ratable P0II3, 222. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — William Faniham. 
Town Treasurer — Abijah Northey. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Amos Kimball, Moses 
Dortnan, Jr., George W. Sawyer. 

PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians — George Moody, George W. Sawyer. 

Justices of the Peace — Parker Spofford, Jonathan 
Foster, Moses Dorman, George W. Sawyer, Solo- 
mon Low, Abijah Northey, Charles Peabody. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church — Orthodox Congregational ; organ- 
ized 1702 ; Sabbath School attached ; John Whitney, 
pastor. The first pastor was Thomas Symmes. He 
was born at Bradford, Feb. 1, 1678; graduated at 
Harvard, 1698 ; settled Dec. 30, 1702 ; resigned in 
April, 1708 ; was installed over the first church in 
Bradford the same year ; died Oct. 6, 1725. The 
second pastor was John Rogers. He was born at 
Salem, and graduated at Harvard in 1705 ; settled 
here in 1709, and remained about thirtyfour years. 
He then went to reside with his son, minister at Leo- 
minster, where he died about 1775. The third pastor 
was Elizur Holyoke, who was born at Boston, May 
11, 1731 ; graduated at Harvard, 1750; settled here, 
Jan. 30, 1759. He was ]3aralvtic, and did not preach 
after Feb. 1793. Died March 31, 1806. The fourth 
pastor was Isaac Briggs. He was born at Halifax, 
about the year 1775 ; graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity, 1795 ; installed here in 1808 ; resigned Dec. 3, 
1833. 

Second Church — Orthodox Congregational ; organ- 
ized Dec. 9, 1736. Sabbath School attached. Pas- 
tor, Peter Eaton. The first pastor was John Gushing. 
He was born at Salisbury, and graduated at Harvard 
in 1729 ; was settled here Dec. 29, 1736 ; died Jan. 
25, 1772, aged 63. The second pastor was Moses 



70 BOXFORD. 

Hale. He was born at Newburv, and graduated a 
Harvard in 1771 ; settled here, Nov. 16, 1774 ; died 
May 26, 1786, aged 38. Dr Eaton was born at Ha- 
verhill, March 15, 1756 ; graduated at Harvard in 
1787 ; studied divinity with Phineas Adams, of Ha- 

. 1789. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are six District Schools, comprising 240 
scholars. School tax for the current year, is 500 
dollars. 

MILITARY. 

A company of Light Infantry has recently been or- 
ganized. Number of members, 35. Captain — Wil- 
liam Low ; Lieutenant — Jonathan J. Porter j Ensign 
— John Batchelder. 

There is also one company of infantry of the line. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Divisions of hand. — Boxford contains about 13,900 
acres. Of English and upland mowing, 1398 ; of 
fresh meadow, 832 ; of pasturage, 6500 ; of wood- 
land, 1474 ; of unimproved, 2743 ; of unimprovable, 
953. 

Valuation. — The valuation of this town was in 1811, 
$228,406,43 ; in 1821, $253,959,00 j in 1831, $282,- 
379,21. 

Mills, ^c. — There are three grist mills, and three 
saw mills in the town. Also, three stores, at which 
a variety of goods are sold. 

Post Offices. — There are two Post Offices ; one in 
the East Parish, Charles Peabody, Post Master. One 
in the West Parish, Benjamin Pearl, Post Master. 

It may be mentioned that there is no public house 
in the town. 



71 



BRADFORD. 

This town was formerly a part of Rowley. The 
fiist name by which it was distinguished, appears 
to have been Merrimack .: afterwards it was called 
Rowley Village ; and in 1673, it was incorporated 
as an independent township, by its present name. 
During the Indian wars the people were much 
alarmed for their safety, and three garrisoned 
houses were erected ; but it does not appear that 
they were much molested by the savages. Rev. 
Gardner B. Perry, in a discourse containing a his- 
tory of the town, delivered Dec. 22, 1820, says, 
" I have found but one record of any violence ex- 
perienced from them. This is contained in a note 
attached to one of the town books, by Shubal 
Walker, who was the town clerk. He observes in 
this note that Thomas Kimball, was shot by an 
Indian, the third of May, 1()76, and his wife and 
five children, Joannah, Thomas, Joseph, Prescilla 
and John, were carried captive. These, however, 
he observes in another note, returned home again 
the 13th of June the same year." The house in 
which Mr Kimball lived stood on the road leading 
to Boxford, and the cellar may still be seen. " It 
is traditionally reported," continues Mr Perry, 
** that the Indians who committed this violence, set 
out from their homes near Dracut, with the inten- 
tion of killing some one in Rowley who they sup- 
posed had injured them, but finding the night too 
far spent, they did not dare to proceed farther, and 
so avenged themselves on Mr Kimball. There 
was also a Mr Nehemiah Carlton shot from across 
the river, at the time of the attack upon Haverhill. 
And it it said farther, that one of the workmen 
employed in felling timber on the Haverhill side 



rJ, BRADFORD. 

of the river, was also shot. Beside these I have 
heard of no particular injury received from them." 
In 1723, Mrs Martha Hale was interred in the 
east parish burying place ; and this, as appears by 
the foot-stone, was the first burial there : 

" If you will look, it may appear 

She was the first that was buried here." 

In 1726 the town was divided into two parishes. 

The location of Bradford is very pleasant, being 
on the south bank of the Merrimack, a few miles 
above Newburyport, and thirty miles north of Bos- 
ton. The town is about six miles long, and from 
one to two and a half miles wide, and contains 
about 10,000 acres. It is bounded by the river, 
which separates it from Haverhill on the north and 
from Methuen on the west, by Andover, Boxford, 
and Rowley, on the south, and by Newbury and 
West Newbury on the east. It has an uneven sur- 
face and a great variety of soil from the richest 
alluvian to bog meadows and granite hills. The 
intervals and much of the upland is of surpassing 
fertility ; and favored by the nature of the soil and 
the evaporation of the river retains the deepest 
verdure amid the drought of summer. 

Several of the hills are of considerable eleva- 
tion and afford some of the finest views of rural 
scenery to be obtained in New England. The 
back ground along the southern boundary of the 
town has an almost continuous extent of forest of 
oak, walnut, pine and maple with all the other 
varieties of forest growth which the county af- 
fords. These forests, with large tracts of excel- 
lent peat are amply sufficient to supply the inhab- 
itants with fuel. 

The town is united to Haverhill by a costly 



BRADFORD. 73 

)ridge of three arches, built in 1794; and by a 
•hain ferry which furnishes a convenient and 
j)leasant mode of crossing the river in good 
weather. 

The river is about 800 feet wide at the lower 
part of the town and narrower at the upper part. 
It has from four to five feet water at low tide 
up to the chain ferry and nearly as much in the 
best channel to Haverhill. High tides flow about 
six feet, backing the water and sometimes setting 
the current up river ; but the salt water of the 
ocean never reaches this place. The short turn 
in the river and the shoals between the chain ferry 
and Haverhill are serious impediments to naviga- 
tion, but hulls of vessels of 400 tons or more, built 
at Bradford and Haverhill, have been taken down, 
and those of 90 or 100 tons come uploaded. 

The banks of the Merrimack, between this 
town and Haverh'II, are pronounced by those ex- 
tensively acquainted with river scenery to be sur- 
passingly beautiful. They are fringed with trees 
and shrubbery to the water's edge in many places ; 
and the flowers of spring, the deep verdure of 
summer, and the variegated colors of autumn pre- 
sent, in the vast mirror of water a softened pic- 
ture of exceeding beauty. 

The increasing business of Haverhill and Brad- 
ford is yearly increasing the navigation of the 
river. About fifty trips in a season are now made 
to Bradford ar>d Haverhill chiefly to supply lum- 
ber and lime from Maine ; flour and grain from 
Philadelphia, New York and Baltimore and for 
the transportation of merchandise purchased in 
other places. 

Several fine steamboats have passed up the 
river as far as Haverhill and made trips with par- 
5 



74 BRADFORD. 

ties of pleasure to Hampton, Isle of Shoals, and 
other places, and two, of different sizes, have been 
built on the river intended for its navigation, but 
as no one ever established regular trips it was not 
possible that they should receive much patronage. 

The increase of inhabitants and business on the 
river require the facility of a good steamboat and 
whoever will establish a regular line with a suit- 
able boat, good engine and good attendance will no 
doubt meet with abundant success. 

Johnson's Creek, a fine mill stream, rises in 
some ponds in Boxford and crossing this town 
near the centre affords some excellent mill sites, as 
the falls amount to 50 or CO feet in about a mile, 
and the large ponds furnish capacious basins for 
retaining the waters. The stream might with im- 
provement afford facilities for factories and a vast 
increase qf business. 

The roads have been much improved of late ; 
and one to Boxford and Andover, and one 
from Bradford to Lowell, are laid out and 
under contract. The last named will furnish a 
very short and direct way from Newburyport to 
Methuen and Lowell, and greatly accommodate 
the inhabitants of Bradford. Several lines of 
stages pass daily through the town from Haverhill, 
Concord, Exeter and Dover to Boston. One from 
Haverhill to Salem. One from Newburyport to 
Lowell and one from Amesbury to Boston. 

Ship building was formerly carried on here to 
considerable extent ; but it is now almost totally 
abandoned, though the town still presents one of 
the most advantageous places in the county for the 
business, and a great part of the timber for the 
ship-yards of Newbury and Essex pass by the very 
doors. The manufacture of boots and shoes now 



BRADFORD. 75 

furnish the young men with easier labor and iarger 
profits. 

The freshet of March, 1818, was among- the 
most remarkable occurrences ever witnessed here ; 
and was generally supposed to have been the 
highest flood that ever invaded the banks of the 
Merrimack. A violent rain had melted the snow 
and poured down the valley of the Merrimack 
with tremendous fury. The ice, which was then 
near two feet thick was torn up with the noise and 
tremour of an earthquake, and driven into im- 
mense dams, rolling and tumbling along in every 
possible position, on its way to the ocean. The 
river was raised at this place 21 feet above common 
high water mark, and 27 feet above common low 
water in the summer. The intervals were over- 
flowed, and in several houses the water was from 
two inches to five feet deep ; acres of ice were 
driven up high upon the land and pyramids of 
broken fragments were thrown up far above the 
level fof even this swelling flood. Some build- 
ings were removed and some destroyed. Cattle 
and sheep were drowned and devastation spread 
on every side. 

The run of eels in the river is certainly a mat- 
ter calculated to excite astonishment in the be- 
holder. '' It generally takes place," we quote 
from Mr Perry's discourse, above referred to " be- 
tween the two run of shad. They go up the river 
the beginning of May, in a ribband or stream of 
about a foot wide upon the average, and three or 
four inches in depth, and every year in the same 
course. They are from two to six inches in 
length, move with considerable velocity, and con- 
tinue to pass along without interruption for about 
four days ; almost an inconceivable number must 



76 



BRADFORD. 



pass during this time." They are from the salt 
water, and are said to pass into the ponds and 
brooks connected with the river. 



POPULATION. 

The population was, in 1810, 1369 ■ in 1820, 1600; 
in 1830, 1856. Ratable Polls, 460. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town C/er/i:— William Tenney, 3i\. 
Town Treasurer — Stephen Parker. 
Selectmen — Benjamin P. Chadwick, Benjamin Par- 
ker, Jr., Jonathan Kimball. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, &C. 

La?/.' f/er— Alfred Kittredjre. He resides in this 
town, but has his office in Haverhill. 

Physicians — Jeremiah Spofford, Georfje Cogswell, 

Justice of the Peace and Quorum — Benjamin Par- 
ker. 

Justices of the Pe«ce— Daniel Stickney, William 
Greenough, Moses Parker, Jeremiah Spofford, Eli- 
phalet Kimball, Jesse Kimball, Amos Parker. 

Coroners — x\mos Parker, Jonathan Kimball. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First CAwrc/i.— Orthodox Congregational ; consti- 
tuted Dec. 27, 1682; located in the West Parish. 
At present without a pastor. The first pastor was 
Zachariah Symmes. Pie was born at Charlestown ; 
graduated at Harvard, 1657 ; settled here at the con- 
stitution of the church ; died March 22, 1707. The 
second pastor was Thomas Symmes, son of the first 
pastor. He was born at Bradford, Feb. 1, 1678; 
graduated at Harvard, 1698 ; settled here Dec. 1708; 
died Oct. 6, 1725. The third pastor was Joseph Par- 
sons. He was born at Brookfield ; graduated at Har- 
vard, 1720; settled here June 8, 1726; died May 4, 



BRADFORD. 77 

1765. The fourth pastor was Samuel Williams. He 
was born at Walthaui, April 23, 1743 ; j^raduated at 
Harvard, 17()1 ; settled here Nov. 20, 1765 ; resig. 
Jan. 14, 1780. The fifth pastor was Jonathan Alien. 
He was born at Braintree ; graduated at Harvard, 
1774 ; settled here June 5, 1781. The sixth pastor 
was Ira Ingraham. He was born at Cornwall, Yt.; 
graduated at Middlehury, 1815 ; settled here Dec. 1, 
1824 ; resigned, April 5, 1830. The seventh pastor 
was Loammi I. Hoadly. He was born at Northford, 
Ct.; graduated at Yale, 1817; settled here Oct. 13^ 
1830 ; resigned Jan. 28, 1833. The eighth, and last 
pastor, was Moses C. Searle. He was born at Row- 
ley, Sept. 17, 1797 ; graduated at Princeton, 1821 ; 
settled here Jan. 30, 1833 ; resigned April, 1834. 

Second Church. — Orthodox Congregational ; lo- 
cated in the East Parish ; organized June 7, 1728. 
Pastor, Gardner B. Perry. Mr Perry was born at 
Norton, Aug. 9, 1783 ; graduated at Union college, 
1804 ; settled Sept. 28, i814. 

J^/e^Aoc?^■6•«.— Established 1832. Pastor, David Cul- 
ver. 

SCHOOLS. 

Bradford Academy, in the West Parish, was es- 
tablished in 1803. ]t is located on an elevated site, 
which commands a most enchanting view of the val- 
ley of the Merrimack and the surrounding country ; 
com[)rehending the entire villages of Bradford and 
Haverhill. But the visiter has scenes of a more ele- 
vated character to contemplate, as he pauses in view 
of this institution. The names of Mrs Judson and 
Harriet Newell, who were once pupils here, have 
created a thrilling interest throughout the Christian 
world. The male dei)artment is now, and has long 
been, under the superintendance of Mr Benjamin 
Greenleaf, who expects, however, soon to retire. The 
female department is under the care of Miss Hazel- 
tine, assisted by Miss Sarah Kimball. It is now in a 
flourishing state, with from 80 to 100 pupils. 

Merriraack Academy. — This institution is located 
in the East Parish, and was established in 1821. It 



78 BRADFORD, 

is in successful operation under the charge of Mr* 
Sylvanus Morse, and has from 40 to 50 pupils. 

District Schools. — Bradford is divided into eight 
school districts. Whole number of scholars, about 
600. Amount raised by tax, about $800. The esti- 
mated amount paid for tuition in academies, &c. last 
year was $1915. 

MANUFACTURES, STORES, AND FISHERIES. 

Shoes are manufactured here to great extent, more 
than half the inhabitants of suitable age, being en- 
gaged on this branch of manufacture, it is estimated 
that about 360,000 pairs of boots and shoes are made 
annually. 

The business of tanning and currying is carried on 
with vigor and profit. There are five tanneries. 

A printing establishment has recently been com- 
menced, and letter-press and stereotype printing are 
carried on to considerable extent. 

There are twelve stores in the town, several of 
which are connected with the shoe manufactories. 

The fisheries in the Merrimack are very valuable. 
A few salmon are yet caught, and shad and alewives 
are taken in great abundance. The shad and ale- 
wives have been much more plenty within the last 
few years, than they were fifteen or twenty years ago. 
The ponds in the town abound with pickerel and 
perch of the finest quality. 

POST OFFICES. 

There are two Post Offices. One at the West 
Parish; yielding to government about $125 ; Elipha- 
let Kimball, Post Master. One in the East Parish, 
yielding to government about $77. Post Master, 
Benjamin Parker, Jr. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

VaIuation.~The valuation in 1811 was, $286,396 j 
in 1831, $364,531. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 256. 

Insurance Company. — There is one Mutual Fire 
Insurance Company in the town. 



DAN'VERS. 



79 



l^ire Depariment. — The are two fire engines with 
proper accompaniments and efficient companies. 

Public Houses. — There are four pul)lic houses kept 
hy At wood, Hopkinson, Eartlett and Merrill. 



DANVERS. 

This town was settled, as a part of Salem, at 
a very early period, Governor Endicott having lo- 
cated himself within its precincts. Its early his* 
tory, therefore, is interwoven with that of Salem. 

It was in this town, and in the family of Rev. 
Mr Parris, that the terrible witchcraft delusion of 
1692, first manifested itself. From the church 
.lecord, as it stands in Mr Parris's own hand writ- 
ing, we extract the following statement. 

"27 March, Sab. 1692, Sacrament Dav. 

'' After the common auditory was dismissed, and 
before t'.ie church comm.union at the Lord's table^ 
the following testimony against the error of our 
sister Mary Sibly, who had given direction to my 
Indian man in an unwarrantable way, to find out 
witches, was read by the Pastor. !tis altogether 
undenyable that our great and blessed God hath 
suffered many persons, in several families, of this 
little village, to be grievously vexed and tortured 
in body, and to be deeply tempted, to the endan- 
gering of the destruction of their souls, and all 
these amazing facts (well known to many of us) 
to be done by witchcraft and diabolical operations. 
It is also well known that when these calamities 
first began, which was in my own family, the af- 
fliction was several weeks before such hellish op- 
erations as witchcraft was suspected. Nay it never 



80 



DANVERS. 



brake forth to any considerable light until diabol- 
ical means was used by the making of a cake by 
my Indian man, who had his directions, from this 
our Sister Mary Sibly, since which apparitions 
have been plenty, and exceeding much mischief 
hath followed. But by this means it seems the 
Devil hath been raized amongst us and his rage 
is vehement and terrible, and when he shall be 
silenced the Lord only knows." 

The settlement was incorporated as the District 
of Danvers, Jan. 28, 1752; and as a separate 
town, June 16, 1757. The district called New 
Mills, in the northeastern part of the township, 
was settled in 1754 ; and the first person born 
there is still living, and in the 81st year of her 
age. New Mills became a separate highway dis- 
trict, by legislative act, in 1772; and during the 
revolutionary war four 20 gun ships and eight or 
ten privateers were built here. 

Danvers can boast of many sages and heroes 
among her sons. Gen. Israel Putnam, whose his- 
tory is too well known to require the brief notice 
we could give, drew his first breath upon her soil, 
Samuel Holten, who was a member ot the Pro- 
vincial Congress, and for a time president ^ro tern. 
of that body; who was a member of Congress 
under the Constitution, and filled many important 
offices in the State, was also a native of this town. 
Col. Hutchinson, another of her sons, commanded 
a company of minute men at the battle of Lexing- 
ton, and afterwards became commander of a regi- 
ment. He received the marked approbation of 
Washington, for the signal service he rendered the 
army in crossing the Delaware, and was by his 
fellow citizens elected Representative for twenty- 
one years. Jereniiah Page, another hero from 



DANVEKS. 



81 



this town, commanded a company of militia at the 
Battla of Lexington, and afterwards became a 
Colonel in the revolutionary army. Capt. Samuel 
Page, also fought at Lexington, and commanded a 
company in the revolutionary army. 

Perhaps, also, for the curious reader, we should 
mention that here are said to repose the remains 
of the celebrated Eliza Wharton. Her grave is 
in the old burying place, and the tomb stone bears 
this inscription. *' This humble stone, in memory 
of Elizabeth Whitman, is inscribed by her weep- 
ing friends to whom she endeared herself by un- 
common tenderness and affection. Endowed with 
superior genius and acquirements, she was still 
more endeared by humility and benevolence. 
Let candor throw a veil over her frailties for great 
was her charity to others. She sustained the last 
painful scene far from every friend, and exhibited 
an example of calm resignation. Her departure 
was on the 25th of July, A. D. 1788, in the 37th 
year of her age, and the tears of strangers watered 
her grave." The foot-stone has been almost en- 
tirely demolished by the depredations of visiters. 
The house in which she resided, is said to be 
the antique mansion still standing upon the corner 
of the street a step or two south of the sign of 
the eagle. 

Danvers is bounded east by Wenham and Bev- 
erly, south by Salem and Lynn, north by Middle- 
ton, and Topsfield, west by Lynnfield ; and is fif- 
teen miles northeast of Boston. It extends from 
north to south about eight miles ; from east to 
west about six miles, and contains about 17,000 
acres. A handsome map of the town engraved on 
copper, was published in 1832. 

There are two principal villages. The South 



SS DANVERS. 

Village, a suburb of Salem, and the New Mills 
Village, before spoken of, situated at the head of 
sloop navigation on Porter River. Nearly con- 
nected with the latter, is the flourishing settlement 
on Danvers Plains; a place of considerable trade 
and manufacturing enterprise. Besides these 
there are several other populous neighborhoods, 
where manufacturers, mechanics and farmers, lo* 
cated side by side, encourage, support and cheer 
each other onward in the paths of industry and 
social improvement. 

In taking a survey of Danvers from either of the 
heights which command a view of a large portion 
of its territory, we see at once that it is naturally 
divided into several ranges of hills and valleys, 
each of which exhibit distinguishing characters. 
Commencing at the southern point, the boundary 
of Salem, Lynn and Danvers, and pursuing our 
course due north, we shall cross these hills and 
dales in succession and readily discover whatever 
is yet known of the geology and natural resources 
of the town. Passing over the narrow valley of 
Brown's pond, we ascend abrupt precipitous hills 
of sienite, from the highest of which we survey 
nearly the whole sienite region, extending from 
the boundary above mentioned to Proctor's brook 
and Gardner's swamp on the north, and from near 
the south village, to the distance of about one mile 
beyond the line of Danvers into Lynn on the west. 
This region is divided by an extensive valley 
through which runs from Spring pond, Salem, and 
Cedar pond, Danvers, the two branches of Gold- 
thwait's brook. This valley has evidently been 
the bottom of a lake long since the elevation of 
the immense masses of stone which surround it. 

The soil of this region is inferior to that of most 



DANVERS. 



83 



other parts of the town. The rocky parts are 
however covered by a thrifty growth of oak, pine, 
walnut, and a great variety of other forest trees 
which have never attained a very large growth. 
This is probably owing not so much to the poverty 
of the soil as to the axe, which once in twenty or 
thirty years sweeps the wood from every acre in 
succession ; but roots sprout again and the tender 
branches cease not to cover the hills with verdure. 
These woods are a part of the most extensive for- 
est in the eastern portion of the Old Massachusetts 
Colony. Here numerous rattle-snakes still elude 
their great destroyer. Here, within a few years 
two large Lynxes have been killed ; and a variety 
of smaller game occasionally tempt the farmer 
and mechanic from their avocations to enact the 
hunter. 

The sienite of this region seems to overlay green- 
stone, by ledges of which it is surrounded. This 
fact, together with the limited extent of the re- 
gion induces us to believe that is must have been 
originally formed in a basin of greenstone, and 
subsequently rent to pieces and irregularly ele- 
vated as we now see it by volcanic action. 

Some of these hills command extensive and 
beautiful views of sea and shore from South Bos- 
ton to Cape Ann. Here may be seen some of the 
most picturesque woodland and highland scenery, 
to be found within fifty miles of Boston — as yet 
unknown to fame; but destined, we must think, to 
become the theme of impassioned song, the admi- 
ration of the lovers of nature and attractive places 
of fashionable resort. The spring water of this 
region is uncommonly pure, there being nothing 
soluble in this kind of stone, as the water of the 
Salem and Danvers aqueduct testifies to the nu- 



84 



DANVERS. 



merous families supplied by its crystal streams. 
The valley is free from stones, and although it is 
not covered with a rich mould, is easily tilled, and 
when well managed productive. Goldthwait's 
brook affords several excellent mill privileges of 
which more valuable use might be made than the 
enterprise of the place has yet effected. But 
the surest source of wealth in this part of the 
town is the sienite which beside its value as a 
building stone, is believed to make as good if not 
better mill stones than any other rock in the Uni- 
ted States. 

Crossing the valley of Proctor's brook which 
exhibits more fertility than the region just left, 
though the tillage land, generally speaking, is not 
so free from stones sufficiently large to obstruct 
the operations of the plough, we ascend a range 
of higher hills than the last, composed of green- 
stone and alluvial formation, lying between the 
valley just considered and the extensive plain be- 
yond, which we shall presently notice. This 
range of hills which extends from North Fields, 
SSalem, in a westerly direction to the valley of Ips- 
wich river, is covered by a rich though somewhat 
rockey soil and is the site of some of the best farms 
in the town. 

Northerly of this range lies an extensive plain 
inclining towards Porter's river, (tide water) which 
divides Danvers from Beverly. It is intersected 
by two branches of Porter's river, called Waters 
river and Crane river, the former aff"ording a val- 
uable tide water mill privilege, improved by the 
Salem Iron Company; and the latter supplying 
with water those New Mills, which (or a century 
past, have given the name to the village in which 
they are located. The eastern portion of this 



DANVERS. 85 

plain contains extensive beds of clay, supplying 
the material for bricks, and brown earthen ware, 
for the manufacture of which Danvers has long 
been celebrated. Westward and northward of this 
plain are three broken ranges of hills, chiefly di- 
luvial, based on greenstone which, in a few places, 
makes its appearance above ground. The valleys 
between these last mentioned hills are chiefly peat 
meadows, of good quality, capable of supplying a 
vast quantity of fuel. In these meadows, several 
small streams of water have their sources which 
unite near the head of tide water of Crane river 
and form a valuable mill privilege, at present oc- 
cupied by a grist mill. 

A portion of the western boundary of the town 
is Ipswich river, the valley of which is skirted by 
a range of elevated land running nearly north and 
south, in which the last mentioned ranges of hills 
terminate. Into this river empty several small 
streams which have their sources in the ponds 
and peat meadows of Danvers. The largest of 
which rises from Humphrey pond lying partly in 
Danvers and partly in Lynnfield. This stream 
affords two mill privileges, one of which is occu- 
pied by the remains of a cotton factory, at pre- 
sent ruined by undecided suits at law — and the 
other by a grist mill which operates only during 
the winter season. The land in the vicinity of 
this steam, consists chiefly of knolls of loose 
gravel, of the latest diluvial formation warm, dry 
and barren; westward of it, however, are two large 
hills of an older diluvial formation covered with 
a more stubborn but a more productive soil, simi- 
lar to that which covers the hill in the more east- 
erly part of the town. Here likewise are found 
/edges of chlorite rock, some of which are slaty 



86 DANVERS. 

and mixed with marble. These, however, are 
probably too deep in the earth to be worked ad- 
vantageously. 

In reviewing the foregoing sketch of the geolo- 
gy of Danvers, it appears obvious that its natural 
advantages and sources of wealth are by no means 
inconsideiable. The sienite is inexhaustible, and 
the demand for it manufactured into mill-stones 
and prepared for building and other purposes, must 
increase annually. The extensive beds of clay — 
situated so near navigable waters and flourishing 
towns and villages, is another sure source of 
wealth or at least a comfortable maintenance to 
many inhabitants. The water powers: and last, 
though not least, a productive soil and ready mar- 
ket, to reward the labors of numerous farmers and 
horticulturists, render this one of the most eligible 
situations in the county. 

The town is distinguished for the sobriety, in- 
dustry and economy of its inhabitants; and has 
for many years past been ranked among the most 
thriving and prosperous towns in the county. 

A large proportion of the inhabitants are en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits; and here are to be 
found some of the best cultivated lands, and best 
managed farms in the vicinity. 

Manufactures of various kinds are carried on to 
a great extent. There are upwards of 30 tanner- 
ies, containing between 3 and 4,000 vats, and con- 
stantly employing a capital of at least $300,000. 
Extensive shoe factories, in which are made annu- 
ally boots and shoes of the value of $400,000. 
Other operations in hides, skins, leather, wool, 
glue, &LC. are carried on extensively. 

The water power, both salt and fresh, is consid- 
erable. At the Salem Iron Factory, business 



DANVERS. 87 

is done to the amount of $400,000 annu- 
ally. At Fowler's Mills, and Oakes's Mills, much 
business is also done. In the south part of the 
town are several valuable water privileges which 
have hitherto been used for tanning purposes ; but 
which it is now contemplated to use for cotton 
factories. 

Five steam engines are in operation for tanning 
purposes, and one for turning lasts and manufac- 
turing mustard, all of which are kept in motion 
by the consumption of tan, as fuel; and thus has 
this hitherto almost useless material^ been made to 
answer a very useful end. 

The Newburyport turnpike passes through the 
North Parish, and the " Essex Turnpike" com- 
mences a short distance from the South Village, 
and leads over Andover bridge to the New Hamp- 
shire line. 

Considerable trade is carried on between this 
place and the interior towns of the county. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1800, 2643 ; in 1810, 3127 j 
in 1820, 3646; in 1830, 4228 ; in 1835, 4700, 
Ratable Polls, 1200. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Joseph Shed. 
Town Treasurer — Stephen Upton. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Nathaniel Pope, Samuel 
P. Fowler, Eben Putnam, Lewis Allen, Henry Poor, 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, &C. 

Lawyers — John W. Proctor, Joshua H. Ward. 

Physicians — Andrew Nichols, Joseph Shed, George 
Osgood, George Osborn, Ebenezer Hunt, Joseph Os- 
good. 



83 



DANVERS, 



Justices of the Peace and Quorum — Gideon Foster, 
Joseph Shed, John W. Proctor. 

Justices of the Peace — Eleazer Potnain, Andrew 
Nichols, George Osgood, Daniel P. King, Ebenezer 
Hunt, Joshua H. Ward. 

Notary Public — John W. Proctor. 

Deputy Sheriff and Coroner — Stephen Upton. 

Post Master — Joseph Osgood. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church. — Orthodox Congregational ; located 
in the North Parish ; Milton P. Braman, pastor. 
This church was formed in 1671, as a branch of the 
first church of Salem; and was set off as an indepen- 
dent society, Nov. 10, 1689. The first pastor was 
James Bailey. He was born at Newbury, Sept. 12. 
1650 ; graduated at Harvard, 1669 ; settled here Oct., 
1671 ; resigned 1680. The next pastor was George 
Burroughs. He graduated at Harvard, 1670, and 
settled here Nov. 25, 1680; resigned 1683; on the 
19th August, 1692, was executed for witchcraft on 
Gallows Hill, Salem. The third })astor, who was 
Deodab Lawson, settled here in 1683, and resigned 
five years afterward. The fourth pastor was Samuel 
Parris. He was born at London, 1653; settled here 
Nov. 15, 1689 ; resigned in June, 1696. It was in 
Mr Parris's family that witchcraft first made its ap- 
pearance in 1692. The fifth pastor was Joseph 
Green. He was settled here Nov. 10, 1698 ; died 
Oct. 26, 1715. The sixth pastor was Peter Clark. 
He was born at Watertown ; settled here June 5, 
1717 ; died June 10, 1768. The seventh pastor was 
Benjamin Wadsworth. He was born at Milton, July 
29, 1750 ; graduated at Harvard, 1769 ; settled here 
Dec. 23, 1772 ; died Jan. 18, 1826. The eighth, and 
present pastor, is Milton Palmer Braman. He was 
born at Rowley, Aug. 6, 1799 ; graduated at Harvard 
1819 ; and at Andover Theological Seminary, 1824 ; 
settled here, April 12, 1826. 

Second Orthodox Congregational. — Organized, 
1713. Located in the South Parish. George Cowles, 
pastor. Mr Cowles was born at New Hartford, Ct., 



DAxNVERS. 09 

March 11, 1798; graduated at Yale, 1821, and at 
Andover, 1824 ; settled here Sept. 12, 1827. 

Baptist.— Located at New Mills. Organized 1793. 
Number of communicants, 150 to 160. Pastor, John 
Holroyd. 

Unitarian. — Located at South Parish ; incorpo- 
rated June 18, 1825. Pastor, Charles Ghauncey 
Sewall. Mr Sevvall was born at Marblehead, May 
10, 1802; after his collegiate education, studied with 
Rev. Mr Lamson of Dedham ; settled here April 11, 
1827. 

First Universalist. — Located at New Mills. Or- 
ganized Oct. 24, 1829. Pastor, William Henry 
Knapp ; installed Dec. 25, 1834. 

Second Universalist. — Recently established. Lo- 
cated in the South Parish, Pastor, Rev. Mr Austin. 

Methodist. — Very recently organized. Located in 
South Parish. 

BANKS. 

Danvers Bank. — Incorporated 1825; capital 150,000 
dollars. President, Ebenezer Shillaber. Cashier, 
George A. Osborn. Directors, D. Daniels, D. P. 
King, J. Tufts, Jr., A. Sawyer, J. Shaw, Jr., E. 
Poor, Jr., J. B. Peirce, A. J. Tenney, R. S. Daniels, 
C. L. Frost. 

Warren Bank. — Incorporated 1832; 120,000 dol- 
lars, capital. President, Jonathan Shove. Cashier, 
Augustus K. Osborn. Directors, O. Saunders, J. W. 
Proctor, H. Poor, G. Tapley, K. Osborn, L. Allen, 
J. Presson, S. Osborn, Jr., E. Upton, E. Putnam, 
Benj. Wheeler. 

INSURANCE COMPANY. 

Danvers Mutual Fire Insurance Company. — Incor- 
porated 1829. President, Ebenezer Shillaber. Sec- 
retary, John W. Proctor. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are thirteen district schools, embracing 1164 
scholars. The school appropriation this year is 
$3000. ^ 

6 



90 DANVERS. 

Besides the district, there are a considerable num- 
ber of private schools, located in the various sections 
of the town ; and the estimated amount paid for tui- 
tion in academies and private schools, is 1050 dollars 
annually. 

MILITARY. 

The Danvcrs Light Infantry, is a well disciplined 
and handsomely uniformed corps. Captain, WiWiam 
Sutton. 

The Danvers Jlrtillery, is also a company of high 
standing. Captain, Amos Pratt. 

Besides these, there are three companies of in- 
fantry of the line. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper — Simeon Galeucia. Average number of 
subjects, 80. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

Dustin's Hotel, (South Parish), Jonathan Dustin. 
Essex Coffee House, (South Parish), Benjamin Good- 
ridge. Public House on the Reading Road, George 
Southwick. Public House at New Mills, Joseph 
Porter. Public House on the Plains, Ebenezer G, 
Perry, 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Fire Department. — There is a well organized and 
efficient fire department in this town, embrancing a 
good supply of engines, hose, hooks, ladders, sails, 
kc. 

Libraries, Societies, «^c. — This town has no very 
extensive libraries ; but there are several small ones. 
At New Mills there is a Lyceum, with a library of 
about 300 volumes attached. There is a Fire Club 
at the Mills, numbering 40 members. There are 
benevolent or temj)erance societies in the various sec- 
tions of the town ; and a Lyceum at South Parish. 

State Valuation.— h\ 1821, this town stood in the 
State valuation, at #1,011,237 66; it now stands at 
$1,518,763 73. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellin'^s is 507. 



ESSEX. 91 

Highways. — The most travelled of the highways, 
are : The continuation of Boston Street, Salem ; this 
divides in the South Village into four branches, viz. Isl, 
the old road from Salem and Danvers to Boston ; this 
branch again divides about a mile from the South 
Meeting House, giving oif the road to Lynnfield, 
Reading, Woburn, &.c. Second, road to North Read- 
ing, South Andover, Wilmington, &c. Third, road 
to Middleton and Andover, direct. Fourth, road to 
Nevv Mills, uniting with the great road from North 
Street, Salem, to Topsfield, Haverhill, Rowley, &c.; 
a branch of this road goes to Beverly, Ipswich, New- 
buryport, &c., and another to Middleton and Andover. 
The Newburyport turnpike passes through five miles 
of the western part of the toun. 

Governor EndicoWs Pear Tree. — It may be men- 
tioned as an interesting fact, that a pear tree which 
Gov. Endicott brought from England in 1628, still 
stands on the farm which he owned, and continues to 
flourish and bear fruit. 



ESSEX. 

Essex, was formerly a part of Ipswich, and was 
incorporated as a parish by the name of Chebacco, 
in 1(379. It became a separate town, receiving its 
present name, in 1819. It is 25 miles northeast 
of Boston, and is bounded on the north by Ips- 
wich, east by Gloucester, west by Hamilton, and 
south by Manchester. The town is very pleas- 
antly located, and is at present in a flourishing 
condition. Formerly the inhabitants were ac- 
tively enf^aged in the fishing business ; but of late 
years this branch of industry, has been almost en- 
tirely abandoned. Ship building is now pursued 
with vigor and profit. For four years up to 1834 



92 ESSEX. 

the average amount of tonnage annually made, 
was 2,500 tons; each ton selling at a medium 
price of $25 : and the business has been con- 
stantly increasing since. The timber is rafted 
from the Merrimack, through Plum Island Sound, 
and a canal cut across the marshes from Ipswich 
bay. The little river which puts up from Squam 
bay, affords the navigation enjoyed by the town. 

There are some good farms in Essex. Much 
fruit is produced and many tons of hay are annu- 
ally disposed of in the Boston, and Salem markets. 

Hon. Rufus Choate, late a Representative in 
Congress, from Essex South District, is a native 
©f this town. 



POPULATION. 

In 1820 the population of Essex was 1107 ; in 1830 
it was 1333. 

Ratable Polls, 319. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — William Andrews, Jr. 
Town Treasurer — David Choate. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Nathaniel Bufnham, Jr. 
David Choate, Aaron L. Burnham. 

PHYSICIAN, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physician — Josiah Lamson. 

Justices of the Peace — Jonathan Story, David 
Ghoate. 
Post Master — Enoch Low. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — A church was formed 
here in 1681, and John Wise was the next year or- 
dained ])astor. He was succeeded by Theophilus 
Pickeringj Oct. 23, 1725. A second society was 



formed in 1745, over which John Cleaveland was 
ordained, Feb. 25, 1747. Nehemiah Porter was 
ordained over the first church, Jan. 3, 1750. The 
two churches united under Mr Cleaveland, 1774, and 
still continue together. Josiah Webster succeeded 
Mr Cleaveland, 'Nov. 13, 1799. Thomas Holt was 
installed Jan. 25, 1809. Robert Crowell, the present 
pastor was settled Aug. 10, 1814. Mr Crowell was 
born at Salem, Dec. 9, 1787, and graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1811. He studied with Rev. Dr 
Worcester, of Salem^ The number of communicants 
at this church is about 125. A Sabbath School, with 
about 150 scholars is attached. Their present place 
of worship was built in 1792. 

Christian. — This society was organized in 1808, 
and their house of worship was erected in 1809. A 
Sabbath School is attached. They have no settled 
pastor. 

Univcrsalist. — This society was formed in 1829. 
They have as yet no meeting house, and no settled 
pastor. 

LIBRARIES. 

Social Library — 300 volumes. 

Religious Library, attached to the Congregational 
Society — 250 volumes. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are seven district schools, comprising 400 
scholars. The amount of time for which they are 
collectively kept, is about 26 months per year. About 
f 300 are annually paid for instruction in academies 
and private schools. 

MILITARY. 

One handsome uniform company, and one company 
of the line. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper— Thomas Perkins. Number of subjects, 
20. There is a valuable farm attached to the estab- 
lishment purchased in 1825, containing 100 acres of 
pland, and 50 acres of marsh. A brick house, meas- 
ring 50 feet by 30. Cost of the whole $5000. 



94 



STAGES. 

A daily stage leaves for Salem ; a stage passes 
through for Ipswich, every Tuesday, Thursday and 
Saturday ; and one for Gloucester, every Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

One engine, v/ith buckets, hooks and ladders, pur- 
chased ten years since. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Fire Insurance. — A Mutual Fire Insurance Com- 
pany has very recently been organized here. 

Stores and Shops. — There are six stores, and 68 
mechanics' shops, 

Divelling^s. — There are 172 dwellings in the town. 

Post Office. — The Essex Post Office was estab- 
lished in 1821, and now yields to government about 
$75 per annum. 

Land. — There are 600 acres of pasturage, 1400 of 
wood land, 78 of fresh meadow, 1882 of salt marsh, 
406 of tillage, 577 of English and upland mowing, 
1200 acres covered with water, and 250 for roads. 

Valuation. — Essex stands in the State valuation at 
$322,298, which somewhat exceeds the assessors' 
valuation. 

Trades, Manufaclures, ^^c. — Two line and twine 
factories, two tanneries, two grist mills, one carding 
mill, and three saw mills. 

Public House. — There is one public house, kept by 
Josh J] a Low. 

Debating Club. — A debating club is in operation 
during the winter season. 

Temperance. — There are 500 members of temper- 
ance societies in the town. 

Pensioners. — There are six pensioners, under the 
law of 1832, who served during the revolutionary 
war. 

Old Families. — It may be stated as an interesting 
fact, and one indicative of the attachment of the peo- 
ple lo the place, that of 196 families of which the 



GLOUCESTER. 95 

town consisted in 1820, fiftytwo were of the name of 
Burn ham, and a large proportion of the residue were 
of the name of Cogswell and Clioate. 

Clam Bait. — The clam banks of Essex are a source 
of profit to many of the inhabitants. From eight 
hundred to a thousand barrels of clams are dug here 
annually, and sold, exclusive of barrels and salt, for 
from $2,50 to $3 per barrel. They are disposed of at 
Boston, Beverly, Manchester, Marblehead, &c. to be 
used for bait in the cod fishery. 



GLOUCESTER. 



Glouckster is a maritime town, compvising the 
whole of Cape Ann, with a parish on the main 
land, and is celebrated for t'ne enterprise of its in- 
habitants in the fisheries and in commercial pur- 
suits. The promontory, which was named Cape 
Ann, by Prince Charles, in filial respect to his 
mother, is joined to the main land by a narrow 
isthmus not above fifty yards wide, called the Cut, 
over which the road passes into the harbor ; the 
name "cut" bein^ derived from an early 2;rant in 
these words : " Upon the 26th of the 5tb month, 
1643, it is ordered, that Mr Richard Blynman, 
Pastor, is to cut the beach through and to main- 
taine it and hath given him three ackers of upland 
and hee is to have the benefit of it to himselfeand 
hisf.rever, giveing the Inhabitantes of the Towns 
free passage." It afforded an easier and shorter 
passage for vessels passing to or from the eastv/ard, 
and they were less exposed by keeping in siiore. 

A fishing and plinting station was commenced 
at Cape Ann, in 16'24, by the Dorchester (Eng.) 
'Company, and Thomas Gardner was appointed 



9o GLOtJCfiSTEK. 

overseer of the planting, and John Tilley of ihe 
fishing, for that year. The next year Roger 
Conant, who had been appointed overseer of both 
departments, removed hither, bringing Lyford, as 
minister, and others. But this settlement did not 
continue long ; it was broken up in the autumn of 
162(), and Conant, with most of the company re- 
moved to Salem. A {ew years subsequent to the 
removal of Conant, Rev. Mr Blynman, an ejected 
minister of Wales, settled here with about fifty 
others; and this settlement was permanent. The 
place was incorporated as a "fishing plantation,"^ 
May 22, 1639; and under another act. May 18^ 
1642, received the name of Gloucester ; which 
name, tradition says, was for Gloucester, England, 
whence some of the principal inhabitants came. 

A pretty numerous tribe of Indians dwelt at the 
Cape at the coming of the whites, and on the ar-- 
rival of the Company at Salem, in the summer of 
1630, their chief, Masconomco, went on board the 
Arabella to welcome the strangers. 

It is frequently mentioned in books descriptive 
of this section of country, that lions had been 
seen in this region. We can hardly admit the 
probability of the lion stories, though we might 
concede that the other " terrible roarers " men- 
tioned in the following extract from New England's 
Prospect, (written by William Wood in 1633,) 
may have occasionally held their revels in the for- 
est recesses. *' Concerniug lions," says Wood, 
** I will not say that I ever saw any myself, but 
some aflfirm that they have seen a lion at Cape 
Ann, which is not above ten leagues from Boston. 
Some likewise being lost in the woods, have 
heard such terrible roarings as have made them 
much aghast; which must be either devils orlions- 



GLOUCESTER, ^^i%^^ 

there being no other creatures which use to roar, 
saving hears, which have not such a terrible kind 
^ of roaring' 

' • Thejgfh of August 1635, is rendered memora- 
ble by a violent storm, in which a melancholy ship- 
wreck occurred here. The wind had been blowing 
hard from the south and southwest for a week be- 
fore, and about midnight it came up at the north- 
east, when a tremendous storm set in. The 
wind blew with such violence as to drive vessels 
from their anchorage, uproot trees, and overthrow 
houses. The tide rose twenty feet perpendicularly. 
During the tempest, a bark of Mr Allerton's was 
cast away upon the Cape, and twentyone persons 
drowned ; among them Mr Avery, a minister from 
Wiltshire with his wife and six small children. 
None were saved but a Mr Thacher and his wife, 
who were cast upon the shore of an island, and 
almost miraculously preserved. The vessel was 
returning from Ipswich to Marblehead, where Mr 
Avery designed to settle in the ministry. It struck 
on a rock and was quickly dashed to pieces. The 
island where the two were saved was afterward 
called Thacher's Island ; which name it retains to 
this day ; and the rock where the vessel struck is 
still called Averv's Rock. 

In the year 1671, a whirlwind passed through 
the neck that makes one side of the harbor. It 
was about forty feet in breadth, and passed on 
with great violence, bearing away whatever came 
in its path. A great rock which stood in the har- 
bor came near being overturned. 

On the 19th of September, 1671, the bounds 
between Manchester and Gloucester were settled 
by Thomas Lathrop and Joseph Gardner. 

In February, 16S2, the people of Gloucester 



98 GLOUCESTER. 

and the adjacent places presented an address to 
the king against Mason's claim for the territory 
from the North River of Salem to the Merrimack ; 
which claim included Gloucester. '^0S$ 

On the 6th of April, 1685, the comrmnfees of 
Manchester and Gloucester laid out a county high- 
way from Manchester meeting-house to Gloucester 
meeting-house. 

On the 27th of February, 1688, at a general 
town meeting there was given to every householder 
and man upwards of twentyone years of age, who 
was a native of the town, and bore charges to town 
and county, six acres of land. 112 lots were 
granted ; 62 to persons living on the eastern, and 
30 to persons living on the western side of the Cut. 

In 1692, that memorable year in the annals of 
mystery, many wonderful things happened at Glou- 
cester. The people imagined that they saw armed 
Frenchmen and Indians running about their 
houses and fields. They frequently shot at these 
strange men, when within two or throe rods of 
them, and saw them fall ; but on coming up, they 
rose and ran away. The " unaccountable trou^ 
biers " sometimes shot at the town's people, who 
averred that they heard the bullets whiss by their 
ears ; none of the balls, however, took effect. 
One man heard a gun go off and the bullet whiss 
by him ; he turned and found that it had cut off a 
pine bush just by him, and lodged in a hemlock 
tree. Looking about he saw four men running 
towards him with guns on their shoulders. Six 
other men saw where the bullet had cut off the 
pine bush and where it lodged in the hemlock ; 
they cut it out, and shew it to their friends. At 
another time several men were seen sticking with 
a stick upon a deserted house, and a noise was 



GLOUCESTER. \f\f 

heard as if men were throwing stones against a 
barn. The alarm was so great for three weeks 
that two regiments were raised and a detachment 
of sixty^pien from Ipswich under cormand of 
Major Appleton, was sent to their succor. The 
clergyman of the town, Rev. John Emerson, says, 
" all rational persons will be satisfied that Glou- 
cester was not alarmed for a fortnight together by 
real Frenchmen and Indians, but that the devil and 
his agents were the cause of all that befel the 
town." Another writer asks, " whether satan did 
not set arnbushments against the good people of 
Gloucester, with demons in the shape of armed 
Indians and Frenchmen appearing to a consid- 
erable number of the inhabitants and mutu- 
ally firing upon them for the best part of a month 
together." 

In 17<^4, by the violence of a great storm and 
tide, the channel or passage for vessels through the 
Cut was closed up. The town remonstrated to 
the General Court against the heirs of Mr Blyn- 
man ; in the paper presented, the passage way is 
stated to be " of general advantage to the coasting 
vessels from this place and the ports adjacent on 
the eastern shore ; it not only shortens the way 
many leagues and saves a doubling about the Cape, 
which oft times causes a great loss of time in wait- 
ing for a fair wind and is m.uch more hazardous 
for small vessels, especially in the spring and fall 
of the year." 

The fiist vessel of the kind popularly denomi- 
nated schooner, is said to have been built at this 
place by Capt. Andrew Robinson, about the year 
1714. The name was derived from the following 
circumstance : Capt. R. had constructed a vessel 
which he masted and rigged in the manner that 



100 GLOUCESTER. 

schooners at this day are, and on her going off the 
stocks into the water, a bystander cried out, " O 
how she scoons /" Robinson instantly replied, " A 
schooner let her be," and from that time,llhis class 
of vessels has gone by the name of schooner. Pre- 
viously, vessels of this description, were unknown 
either in this country or Europe. 

In August, 1716, a fishing schooner belonging 
to this town was cast away, in a violent storm, on 
the Isle of Sables. Daniel Stanley, master, and 
all the crew, five in number, perished. On the 
14th of October, the same year, as a number of 
fishing vessels were returning from Cape Sables, 
some of them within 30 or 40 leagues of Cape 
Ann, a tremendous storm arose, which lasted all 
that day and a great part of the night; during 
its continuance four sloops, with their crews, were 
lost. The commanders were, Jeremiah Butman, 
John Davis, Stephen Airs, and James Elwell ; the 
number of hands was fourteen. 

On the 22d of June, 1724, three fishing vessels 
from this town were taken by the Indians in Fox- 
harbor, and the following persons made prisoners : 
James Wallis, Thomas Finson, John Lane, Rich- 
ard Parr, Joseph Wallis. 

In 1739, the great meeting-house at the harbor 
was built. It was 90 feet long, 65 feet wide, and 
30 feet stud, with a steeple about 70 teet above 
the bell-deck. The first meeting-house at Sandy 
Bay was built about 1752. 

In April, 1770, a very disorderly and riotous 
transaction took place at Gloucester; being a high 
handed and cruel assault and battery upon a citi* 
zen, one of the king's officers of the customs. 
Lieut. Governor Hutchinson made it the subject of 
a message to the House of Representatives, but 



GLOUCESTER. 101 

the house returned answer that the real cause of 
riots arose from oppression, and a rigorous execu- 
tion of severe and oppressive laws : that the post- 
ing of a military force among the people without 
their consent, with the design of subjugating them 
to arbitrary measures, together with every instance 
of actual restraint upon the liberty of any individ- 
ual, was a crime infinitely exceeding what the law 
intended by a riot. The violence so frequently 
committed by the soldiery, added to the most rig- 
orous and oppressive prosecutions carried on by 
the officers of the crown against the subjects, 
grounded on unconstitutional acts, and in courts 
of admiralty uncontrolled by courts of law, often 
furnished just cause of alarm, and the above dis- 
orderly transactions probably grew out of some op- 
pressive measures. 

On the 8th of August, 1775, Capt. John Lind- 
zee, with the sloop of war Falcon, made a wanton 
attack on the town without order or previous no- 
tice ; and cannonaded the place from one o'clock 
till five in the afternoon, directing the weight of 
his fire toward the meeting-house, which was 
greatly injured. Neither infancy, the gentler sex, 
nor decrepid age, were allowed time to withdraw. 
Capt Joseph Rogers, and his company of minute 
men, aided by Col. Joseph Foster, the hero of the 
day, were instantly on the alert, brought a force 
to bear on the enemy, and caused his entire de- 
feat. By the spirit, patriotism and fortitude of the 
people, four of Lindzee's boats, together with forty 
of his men, a small tender and one prize schooner 
were captured ; and one schooner which had been 
chased into the harbor was defended. Two men 
of the town, named Lurvey and Rowe were killed ; 
and the British also had two killed. 



102 GLOUCESTER. 

On the 26th of April, 1775, Josiah auincy, Jr. 
being on his return from London, died on board 
of the vessel, then in sight of land. A few hours 
after his death the ship with his corpse on board, 
entered the harbor of Gloucester. The disturbed 
state of the country, and the military force stationed 
within and about Boston, interrupted communica- 
tion, and denied his family the consolation of paying 
the last sad tribute to his remains. The people of 
Gloucester, however, upon whom devolved the 
melancholy duty of performing the funeral rites, 
testified at once their own respect for his memory, 
and the public sympathy for his loss. 

On Thursday, the 16th of September, 1830, 
at about four o'clock in the morning, a fire 
broke out in a building occupied by Samuel Gil- 
bert, in Front Street, and continued to rage till 
eleven o'clock. Seventeen dwelling houses, forty- 
two stores, workshops, &c., with most of their 
contents were consumed. Four vessels lying at 
the wharf, were much injured. About 3000 bar- 
rels of mackerel and 3000 empty barrels were 
destroyed. The whole loss, after a careful exam- 
ination, was estimated at upwards of $100,000 
exclusive of insurance. The disaster fell upon 
that portion of the town in which most of the bus- 
iness was transacted, and the sufferers were among 
the most active and enterprising citizens. By 
this catastrophe more than one half of the business 
part of the town was destroyed. Nineteen fami- 
lies with 106 persons were reduced from affluence 
to poverty ; and many more who by their industry 
had been placed in easy circumstances, were 
thrown upon the charities of others for susten- 
ance. About $14,500 were contributed for the 
relief of the sufferers, from various towns in this 
and the neighboring States. 



GLOUCESTER. 



103 



At the conclusion of the revolutionary war, 
Sandy Bay contained not more than 65 houses, 
and about 500 inhabitants ; having lost from 40 to 
50 active men in the war. It nov/ contains about 
300 houses and 2000 inhabitants. 

The town of Gloucester comprises four distinct 
villages. The Harbor, so called, is the principal 
village, and is beautifully located on the south side 
of the Cape. The sea views from this place are 
very extensive, and hardly equalled in grandeur by 
any others upon the coast. The settlement is com- 
pact, many of the buildings are of brick, and in a 
solid style of architecture. The village of Sandy 
Bay, is on the eastern end of the Cape, about 
five miles from the harbor. There is no natural 
harbor here, but a pier and breakwater have been 
constructed for the security of the shipping. 
The village of Ajiisquam, or Squam, as it is 
more frequently called, is on the north side of 
the Cape, about five miles from the harbor. 
This village has a safe harbor, which is mostly 
occupied by fishing craft. Opposite the settle- 
ment is the famous sand beach, which erst sup- 
plied the dames of this region with their neat floor 
coverings. The West Parish, contains some val- 
uable tillage land, some pasture and wood land, 
and much that is unimprovable. 

With the history of Gloucester is identified, in 
a great degree, the history of the fishing business 
in Essex County. The mackerel fishery is at pre- 
sent carried on here to greater extent than in any 
other place in the State. The following state- 
ments will give some idea of the business in 1833 
and 1''34; and perhaps we should add, that in 
1835, the mackerel catchers were peculiarly un- 
fortunate. In 1832, there wer3 inspected, of No. 



104 GLOUCESTER. 

1, 8,138 barrels and 6,202 half barrels; of No. 2, 
15,421 barrels, and 7,163 half barrels ; of No. 3, 
15,010 barrels, and 547 half barrels. In 1834, 
there were inspected, of No. 1, 18,835 barrels, 
and 9,432 half barrels ; of No. 2, 20,638 barrels, 
and 6,591 half barrels ; of No. 3, 13,763 barrels, 
and 143 half barrels. 

In this town are immense quarries of light and 
gray granite, which is split with great ease into 
regularly formed blocks. This stone is of a fine 
grain, is easily dressed, and can be put on board 
vessels at little expense. The demand for it is 
rapidly increasing. About 100,000 tons are quar- 
ried per year, and sold at an average price of 
$2,00 per ton ; 300 men have constant employ- 
ment during the working season, and 21 sloops 
are engaged in the transportation. 



POPULATION. 

The population by the United States census, was 
in 1800, 5313 ; in 1810, 5943 ; in 1820, 6384 ; in 
1830, 7501 ; but it is thought by the inhabitants gen- 
erally, that the last census placed the number from 
one to two hundred less than the population really 
was. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — William Saville. 
Town Treasurer — Alphonso Mason. 
Selectmen — Alphonso Mason, John Webber, Geo. 
D. Hale, Henry Haskell, Ignatius Sargent. 

PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians — John Manning, Henry Prentiss, James 
Goss, John Appleton, Isaac P. Smith, Joseph Rey- 
nolds, Joseph S. Barber, John M. Moriarty, Charles 
B. Manning, Dr Ames. 



GLOUCESTER. 105 

Lawyers — J. B. Manning, at Sandy Bay, Robert 
Ran ton I, Jr. at the Harbor. 

Justices of the Peace — John Manning, William 
Pe.iroe, Joseph B. Manning, James Goss, William 
Whipple, Ehenezer Pool, Jr., William Ferson, Sam- 
uel Lane, William Pearce, Jr., William Beach, Irr- 
rael Trask, John Webber, Joseph Stacy, Henry 
Phelps, Robert Rantoul, Jr. 

Justices of the Quorum — H. Phelps, William W. 
Parrc/t. 

Notaries — William Ferson, William Saville. 

Deputy Sheriff ^Joshua. P. Trask. 

Custom House Officers. — Collector, William Beach; 
Surveyor, Alphonso Mason ; Inspectors, William 
Center, James Marchant, Jabez Tarr, Jr., Henry 
Lee ; Weighers and Gaugers, John Wootlbury, Jr., 
John Webber ; Boatman, William Carter. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

There are 14 churches ; 5 within the territorial 
limits, and 9 ()oll parishes, or churches. Of these 5 
are Universalist, 4 Orthodox, 3 Baptist, 1 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Unitarian, They are located, 5 in the 
Harbor Parish, 2 in the West Parish, 3 in Squam, 1 
in Town Parish, and 3 in Sandy Bay. 

HARBOR PARISH. 

First Church. — This church was gathered in 1642, 
under the j)astoral care of Rev. Richard Blynman, 
who continued his charge till 1648, when he removed 
to New London. This was the 19th church gathered 
in Massachusetts Bay. It is Unitarian, and Luther 
Hamilton is pastor. Number of communicants, 25. 
Sunday School, formed 1816 ; number of scholars, 60. 

Universalist Society. — This was formed in 1774, 
under the preaching of Rev. John Murray, the first 
teacher of that denomination. It was incorporated 
by the Legislature, June 28, 1792, by the name of 
the Independent Christian Society. Thomas Jones, 
pastor. Church formed 19th October, 1806 ; number 
of communicants, 35. Sunday School formed, 1820 ; 
number of scholars, 80. 

7 



ICG GLOUCESTER. 

Methodist. — This society was formed June 7, 18247 
under Rev. Aaron Wait. John Bayly, pastor. Num- 
ber of coniniunicants, 55. Sunday School with 70 
pupils. 

Evangelical Society. — Orthodox ; founded Nov. 
17, 1829 ; Christopher M. Nichols, pastor. Number 
of communicants, 54. Sabbath School, with 80 j)u- 

Baptist. — The Baptist church was formed in 1831. 
William W. Hall, ])astor. Number of communicants, 
52. Sunday School, with 75 scholars. 

SECOND, OR WEST PARISH. 

The Second, or West Parish, was the first parish 
set off from the town, and was incorporated by the 
General Court, June 6, 1716. The same year Rev. 
Samuel Tompson was settled in the work of the min- 
istry, on the 28th November, the church being gath- 
ered at that time. Since 1830, a large majority of 
this society have been Universal ists ; and the desk 
has been supplied by clergymen of that denomination. 
This year it is vacant. 

Orthodox. — An Orthodox society was formed in 
1333. Moses Welch, pastor. 

saUAM PARISH. 

The Third, or Squam Parish, was the second set 
off from the town, and was incorporated by the Gen- 
eral Court, June 11, 1728. Rev. Benjamin Brad- 
street was ordained its first pastor, 17th Sept. 1728, 
the church being formed the same day. Rev. Ezra 
Leonard was ordained over this society in 1804 as a 
congregational preacher. In 1815, he embraced the 
Universalist doctrine, and this society is now of that 
order. John Harriman, pastor. 

Baptist Church formed in 1813 ; Epes Davis, pas- 
tor. 

Or^Ao^oa;.— This church was formed in 1827; Mo- 
ses Sawyer, pastor. 

TOWN PARISH. 

The Fourth, or Town Parish, was the location of 
the first settlers of the town, and was the place of 



GLOUCESTER. 107 

worship and seat of business for a centur}'. In 1738, 
part of the society erected a new meeting house one 
mile to the southward of the former one, in the Har- 
bor, and tlieir pastor, Rev. John White, preached in 
the new house. A new parish was formed, which 
the General Court allowed to be the First. The 
parish was then divided, and the northerly part in- 
corporated as a separate {)arish, (the Fourth), on the 
17th Dec. 1742. Rev. John Rogers, first j^astor, was 
ordained 1744 ; died 1782 ; since which there has 
been no ordained minister. It is now, and has been 
for several years, a Universalist societj. 

SANDY BAY PARISH. 

The Fifth, or Sandy Bay Parish, was the fourth 
parish set off from the town, and was incorporated 
l)y the General Court, January 1, 1734. Rev. Ebcn- 
ezer Cleaveland was ordained first j^astor in the year 
1755. Ten persons, resident at Sandy Bay, on the 
9th of February, 1755, petitioned the first church, of 
which they were members, to be dismissed therefrom 
in order to their formation into a distinct church by 
themselves; which is the date of the foundation of 
this church. The church is orthodox, and David 
Jewett is pastor. Sunday School, formed 1820 ; 
number of scholars, 250. 

Baptist. — This society was incorporated in the 
year 1811. Church formed 1808; number of com- 
municants, 82, Sunday School v/ith 100 scholars. 
Otis Wing, pastor. 

Universalist Benevolent Society, formed February 
26, 1821 ; A. C. L. Arnold, pastor. 

BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Gloucester Bank. — This institution commenced op- 
eration in 1796, under a covenant, with a capital of 
$40,000, and was incorporated January 27, 1800. 
The capital was increased by subsequent acts of the 
Legislature, to $200,000, its present amount. Presi- 
dent, Benjamin K. Hough ; Cashier, Henry Smith ; 
Directors, Benjamin K. Hough, James Mansfield, 
William Ferson, William Pearce, Jr., John W 
Lowe, Richard Friend, William Babson. 



108 GLOUCESTER. 

Institution for Savings. — The following is an ac- 
count of the receipts and expenditures of this institu- 
tion for the half year, ending January 16, 1835 ; 
together with the amount of funds, and manner of 
investment. 

The balance on hand at the last settle- 
ment, on the 11th July, was 20,118 6S 
To which add fortyeight deposits received 

^nce July, 2,648 00 

Dividends on Bank stock, 390 00 

Interest received on notes, 333 05 

#23,489 68 
From which deduct. 

Interest withdrawn 175 22 

Principal do. 2328 00 

Incidental expenses, 60 75 

Interest paid, 47 94 2,61191 

Net amt. of funds of the Institution, $20,877 77 

Invested as follows: 

Bank stock, 13,000 00 

Town Treasurer's note, 4,600 00 

Notes secured by Bank, and 

other stocks, 1,640 00 

Other notes, 898 00 

Ccish in Gloucester Bank, 739 77 

$20,877 77 

Gloucester Insurance Company. — Fire and Marine. 
This institution is located at the Harbor, and was in- 
corporated in February, 18*28, though it did not go 
into operation till February, 1834 ; capital $100,000. 
President, Samuel Giles ; Secretary, Alfred Presson. 

There are, also, three unincorporated companies ; 
two at the Harbor, and one at Sandy Bay. 

LIBRARIES. 

There is one social library at the Harbor, formed 
February 3, 1812, called the Gloucester Social Li- 
brary. It had a valuable collection of books amount- 
ing to nearly 900 volumes, but was mostly destroyed 



GLOUCESTER. 109 

by the great fire on the 16th September, 1830; 125 
volumes only were saved. It was re-organized under 
the same name, January 21, 1831, and has increase^! 
to 550 volumes. 

A society was formed by females, in March, 1812, 
called the Gloucester Female Society for promoting 
Christian Knowledge. The library, which was 
formed some years after the society, bears the above 
name, and has 400 volumes. 

There is also a Circulating Library of about 5G0 
volumes, kept by E. W. Rogers, Front Street. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are twentysix school districts, in each of 
which is a school house. The nutnber of scholars 
attending is about 1500, and the amount raised by the 
town for their support the current year, is $'3900. 
About $2500 are paid annually for instruction in 
private schools and academies. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The Gloucester Fire Department is under good 
management. There are seven engines; four loca- 
ted at the Harbor, two at Sandy Bay, and one at 
Squam. Engineers, John Somes, John Webber, 
Alphonso Mason, Samuel Dexter, Robert M. Todd, 
James Mansfield, Jr., William Parsons, Jr., George 
Friend. 

MILITARY. 

Gloucester Artillery. ^Ovgamzed May 10, 1787. 
Captain, William Beach ; Lieutenants, William 
Center, Abijah Peabody. There are also five com- 
panies of infantry of the line. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

At the Harbor, John Mason ; at Sandy Bay, Jo- 
siah Haskell ; at Pigeon Cove, Daniel Wheeler ; at 
Squam, Isaiah Jewett. 

Theophilus Herrick, at West Parish, and M. H. 
Shaw, and Henry Marchant, at the Harbor, are also^ 
licensed innholders. 



110 GLOUCESTER. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Joseph Stacy, Keeper. By the State returns for 
1834, it appeared that there were in this town 73 
Paupers sui)j)orted iu the Ahiis House — 27 males and 
46 females — 55 of them could read and write, and 18 
could not — 12 of them were married, and 61 were not 
— 14 of them had families, and 59 had not — 46 of 
them were temperate, and 27 were not — there were 
59 adults and 14 children, all of whom were natives 
of this State. The whole expense of the Alms House 
for 1834, was $'3466 12. The whole expense of poor 
out of file house during the same titne, was $839. 
There are 22 slee()ing rooms in the house — the 
largest number of lodgers iu any one room is six. 
There are two work shops attached to the estab- 
lishment, which, together with the Farm, are under 
excellent management. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Gloucester Telegraph. — Conjmenced January 1, 
1827 ; published every Wednesday and Saturday, at 
.$2,75 per annum ; in politics. Whig. Office Front 
Street, one door east of the Custom House. Tilden 
and Marcliant, Publishers. 

Gloucester Democrat. — Commenced Aug. 19, 1834; 
published every Tuesday and Friday, at $2,75 per 
annum ; in politics, Democratic. Charles VV. Wood- 
bury, Editor. 

STAGES. 

A stage leaves Mason's Hotel, daily, at half i)ast 
seven, A. M. for Boston, and returns at four, P. M. 

A stage leaves the same place every Tuesday, 
Thursday and Saturday morning for Ipswich. 

There are also several stages intercommunicating 
with the various sections of the town. 

POST OFFICES. 

There are three Post Offices in this town. Their 
locations, with the names of the Post Masters, follow: 
Harbor, Leonard J. Presson ; Squam, Elbridge G. 
Day ; Sandy Bay, Winthrop Pool, 



'■^ tJLOlUCESTEll. Ill 

FORTj LIGHT-HOUSES, ETC. 

Fort Defiance — Henry Plumnier, Keej)cr. 

Light-Houses. — Two on Thatcher's Island, Austin 
Wheeler, Keeper ; one on Starghtsirioiith Island, 
Andrews, do.; one on Eastern Point, Sanil. Wanson, 
do.; one on Wigwain Point, (Sqnani), George Day, 
do.; one on Ten Pound Island, (Harbor), Amos 
Story, do. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES, ETC. 

Gloucester Lyceum. — The olyects of this associa- 
non, are the iniprovenient of its members in useful 
knowledge, and the advancen^ent of popular educa- 
tion. Any adult may become a m.ember by paying 
into the treasury one dollar, and signing the Consti- 
tution. Any minor may become a member so far as 
to have the right of attending the meetings for in- 
struction, by signing tlie Constitution and paying in 
^ike manner, fifty cents. An annual assessment of 
one dollar each, is paid by adults, and of fifty ceiits 
by minors. Any member refusing to pay the annual 
assessment, is considered as having withdrawn from 
the Society. John Johnson, President ; Luther B. 
Hamilton, Vice President; Charles Smith, 3d, Treas" 
urcr ; Samuel Giles, Sanuiel Stevens, James Mans- 
field, Jr., John Appleton, and John S. Taj)j)an, Di- 
rectors ; Addison Giii)ert, Bee. Secretary; Joshua P. 
Tra.'^k, Cor. Secretary. 

Mechanic Association. — Instituted February, 183L 
This association has for its objects the mutual' benefit 
of mechanics. When an apprentice in the town be- 
comes of age, if he has served his master faithfully, 
and otherwise bears a good name, this society grants 
him if he desires, a certificate signed by the President 
and Vice President, and bearing the seal of the asso^ 
ciation, recommending him "to the notice, encour- 
agement, protection and patronage of all persons, in 
all countries where he may sojourn." There are 
now about 150 members. They have a library with 
300 volumes. Officers — President, David White ; 
Vice President, Nathaniel Babson, Jr.; Treasurer^ 



112 GLOUCESTER. 



• 



Joseph E. Pratt ; Secretary, Moses Nowell ; Diree^ 
tors, John Webber, John Atkinson, Josiah Herrickj 
Jr., John S. Johnson, Stei)hen L. Davis. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Tonnage. — The amount of tonnage in the district 
of Gloucester, (which includes Manchester,) is: reg- 
istered, 2500 ; enrolled and licensed, IS, 537 ; total, 
16,037 tons. 

Vessels. — The number of vessels owned here, (not 
including Manchester,) is 274, viz ; 1 ship, 8 brigs, 
226 schooners, 18 sloops, and 21 vessels over 5, and 
under 20 tons. 

Diocllings. — There are 797 dwellings in the town. 

Town Expenses. — The sum raised to defray the 
expenses of the town the current year, is $7500. 

Valuation. — Gloucester stands in the state valua-» 
tion of 1831, at $914,427 34. 

Divisions of Land. — Tillage, 340 acres ; English 
and upland mo wing, 942 ; salt n)arsh, 635 ; pasturage, 
1958; woodland, 1862. 

Stores. — Twelve dry goods, and fifty grocery ; be-- 
side a large number where a variety of goods are 
kept. 

Town Records.-^The town records are in a good 
state of preservation, and extend back to 1639 ; a 
few, however, are missing. 

Church Bells and Clocks. — There are eight church 
bells, and three public clocks. 

Church Organs. — There are two church organs ; 
one at the First Universalist church, and one at the 
Unitarian. 

Road from Salem. — The road from Salem to Glou- 
cester is good, and extremely pleasant for a summer's 
ride. Some portions pass through woodland, and 
present rude and romantic scenery ; others follow the 
indentations of the coast, and afford delightful viewsr 
of the scenery of thfe Bay and its numerous islands. 



113 



HAMILTON. 

This town formed a part of Ipswich, and was 
called The Hamlet, till June 2J, 1793, when it 
was incorporated as a separate town by its present 
name. It is bounded north by Ipswich, west by 
Topsfield, south by Wenham, and east by Essex 
and Manchester. The inhabitants are mostly 
farmers though shoe manufacturing is carried on 
to considerable extent. 

Hamilton is twentysix miles northeast of Boston, 
and lies on the great eastern post road. It is very 
pleasantly located, and the soil is good ; but the 
population is so much scattered, that less of a vil- 
lage is formed than in most places of an equal 
population. Chebacco pond, together with sev- 
eral other smaller ponds near the southeast bound- 
ary of the town, give rise to the head waters of 
Chebacco river. A part of Wenham Swamp lies 
in the southern section of the town, and Ipswich 
river runs a considerable distance along the west- 
ern border. 

Rev. Joseph B. Felt, published a brief history 
of this place in ISpl, which affords many inter- 
esting particulars, and we extract the following 
singular statement. " There are four families in 
this town called bleeders. Three of them are im- 
mediately, and the other mediately related. The 
number of individuals so denominated is five. 
They are thus named from an unusual propensity 
in their arteries and veins to bleed profusely, even 
from slight wounds. A cut or other hurt upon 
them assumes, at first, the common appearance. 
But after a week or fortnight, the injured part 
begins and continues, for several days, to send 
forth almost a steady stream of blood, until the 



114 HAMILTON. 

redness of this disappears, and it becomes nearly 
as colorless as water. A portion of the coagu- 
lated blood forms a cone, large or small according 
to the wound. The bleeding ceases when the cone, 
which has a minute aperture, and is very fetid, 
falls off. The persons thus constituted, dare not 
submit to the operation of a lancet. They often 
bleed abundantly at the nose, and are sut)ject to 
severe and premature rheumatism. Some of their 
predecessors have come to their end by wounds, 
which are not considered by any means dangerous 
for people in general. This hemorrhage first ap- 
peared in the Appleton family, who brought it 
with them from England. None but males are 
bleeders, whose immediate children are not so, and 
whose daughters, only, have sons thus disposed. 
As to the precise proportion of these, who may 
resemble their grandfathers in bleeding of this 
kind, past observation furnishes no data ; it has 
been found altogether uncertain." 



POPULATION. 

The population in 1800, was 749; in 1810, 780; 
in 1820, 802 ; in 1830, 741 ; this last number, given 
in the olHcial returns, it is thought should have been 
810. Ratable Polls, lib. 

TOWN OFFICERS, ETC. 

Town Clerk — Nathaniel A. Lovering. 

Town Treasurer — John Tuttle. 

Selectmen — Israel D. Brown, Samuel Dodge, John 
Whittredge. 

Physician and Justice of the Peace— Oliver S. 
Cressy. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETY. 

There is but one religious society at Hamilton ; 



HAMILTON. 115 

that is Orthodox Congregational, and was organized 
October 12, 1714, as the third of Ipswich. The 
first pastor was Samuel Wigglesworth. He was 
born at Maiden, February 4, 1689 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1707 ; practised physic here u])wards of a 
year, before studying divinity ; was settled, October 
27, 1714; died Septembers, 1768. The second pastor 
was Manasseh Cutler. He Avas born at Killingly, 
Ct,, May 3, 1744; graduated at Yale, 1765; was'a 
merchant at Edgarton for some time ; studied divin- 
ity chiefly with his father in law, Benjamin Balch, at 
Dedham ; was settled here September 11, 1771 ; 
died, July 28, 1823. The third pastor was Joseph 
B. Felt. He was born at Salem, December 22, 
1789 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1813 ; taught a 
school in Salem for six years ; installed here June 
16, 1824 ; resigned, December 4, 1833. Mr Felt is 
the author of Annals of Salem, history of Ipswich, 
Hamilton and Essex, and has published some valua- 
l)le papers relative to the History, past and present, 
of various sections of the county. The fourth, and 
present pastor, is George W. Kelley. He was born 
in Greenbriar county, Va., Aug. 5, 1808 ; graduated 
at the Ohio University, 1830 ; and at the Andover 
Theological Seminarv, 1833 ; settled here July 3, 
1884. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are four district schools kept a part of the 
year. About 170 scholars attend ; the number of 
males and females about equal. The amount raised 
by tax for the school, is $400. About $15 are annu- 
ally paid for tuition at academies, &c. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

There are two public houses ; one near the meet- 
ing house, kept by Israel D. Brown ; the other near 
the Ipswich line, kept by Jacob Brown. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Post Office. — The Post Office was established in 
1803 ; it produces to the government $24 per year ; 
kept by Israel D. Brown. 



116 HAVERHILL. 

Military. — One compauy of the line. A number* 
of the batallion of cavairy reside in the town. 

Stages. — The great eastern post road lies through 
this town ; consequently, a number of stages pass 
daily, for Salem, Boston, Newburyport, Portsmouth, 
&c. 

Mills. — There are two veneering mills, with turn- 
ing mills, &c. attached, at which much business is 
done ; one grist mill and one saw mill. 

Valuation. — Hamilton stands in the State valua- 
tion, at ^211,888 99. 

Divisions of Land and Produce. — Tillage, 483 
acres, producing 6831 bushels of grain ; 724 acres of 
English and upland mowing, yielding 354 tons of 
hay ; fresh meadow, 778 acres, producing 411 tons of 
hay ; 4530 acres of pasturage ; 998 acres of wood- 
land. Considerable pork, poultry, and butter are 
sent to the Boston and Salem markets, in addition to 
the surplus hay and grain. 

Buildings. — Dwellings, 118 ; shops, 51. 



HAVERHILL. 



The settlement of Haverhill was probably com" 
menced in the summer of 1640. The Indian 
deed of the town, however, is dated Nov. 15th, 
1642. But Dr Cotton Mather, says, Mr Ward 
was settled as the minister at Haverhill, in 1641. 
There is also a record of a birth at Haverhill the 
same year. These circumstances render it quite 
certain that the settlement was made in 1640. 
The settlers were chiefly from Newbury. 

The town at first extended six miles north of the 
Merrimack, and was fourteen miles in lengths It 
was afterwards much interested in the long contro- 
versy, regarding the boundary line between Massa* 



HAVERHILL. 1 IT 

chusetts and New Hampshire. This was finally 
settled by commissioners from the crown, in 1737. 
Col. Richard Saltonstall, Richard Hazen, and 
Dea. James Ayer, representing the town before 
them and the line was then run three miles north 
of the Merrimack. 

Haverhill originally belonged to the county of 
Essex; but in 1642 the colony was divided into 
four counties, when it was attached to Norfolk, 
and ihus remained, until it was again joined to 
Essex by order of the General Court, February 
4th, 1679. 

The Indian wars afford the principal topics of 
interest in the history of Haverhill. 

For more than seventy years, it was a frontier 
town, constantly exposed to the horrors of savage 
warfare. The lurking foe, might be frequently 
seen around the dwellings, and his terrific yell 
heard in the silence of midnight. To guard 
against such enemies, required not only courage, 
but a constant state of preparation, and a readi- 
ness to punish the first depredations. Accord- 
ingly, as early as the year 1675, the town passed 
the following vote : " The selectmen shall forthwith 
cause the fortifications around the meeting-house 
to be finished ; to make port-holes in the walls ; to 
right up those places that are defective and likely 
to fall, and to make a flanker at the east corner, 
that the work in case of need may be made use 
of against the common enemy." 

In 1690, they petitioned the General Court for 
a garrison of 40 men for their protection, " at the 
country's charges." From this time to the year 
1708, scarcely a year passed in which some were 
not killed or captured. 

In 1695, Isaac Bradley and Joseph Whitaker, 



118 HAVERHILL. 

aged 15 and H were taken prisoners and carried 
to Lake Winnipiseoge. They contrived to make 
their escape, and arrived at Saco fort,* having en- 
dured almost incredible hardships in the wilder- 
ness for nine days. 

The heroism of ths celebrated Hannah Diistin, 
in 1693, deserves more particular notice. At the 
time of the attack, Mrs Dustin was confined to 
her bed with an infant, six days old. Mr Dustin 
immediately sent the other children, seven in num- 
ber, through the back door, and despairing of 
saving his wife, soon after followed them on horse- 
back, loading and firing, upon the Indians in his 
rear. The pursuit was soon given up. The In- 
dians, however, on their return, met Mary Niff, 
the nurse, attempting to escape with the infant ; 
which they took and killed, dashing its brains out 
against a tree. They then ordered Mrs Dustin to 
rise, and setting fire to the house retreated with 
her and the nurse. After travelling for several 
days, they told the women they must run the 
gauntlet. The idea of this was so horrible, that 
they determined to escape at the peril of their 
lives. In the dead of night, Mrs Dustin, awaken- 
ing her confederates, the nurse, and an English 
boy, taken prisoner at Worcester, to whom she 
had disclosed her plans, arose and killed ten of 
the twelve, with their own tomahawks ; a woman 
whom they supposed dead, escaping with a boy 
whom they intentionally left. They arrived safe 
home, with the scalps of their victims, and re- 
ceived a reward of 50 pounds, from the General 
Court, for this heroic act. 

The 29th of August, 1708, was the day of the 
famous Indian massacre. In the spring of the 
year, a grand council had been held at Montreal, 



HAVERHILL. 



119 



in which it was determined to attack some of the 
principal English settlements. In this expedition, 
the warriors of ail the tribes in Canada were to 
unite with about one hundred Canadians, and 
many volunteers, composing in all, an army of 
about four hundred men. Portsmouth was to have 
been the first place of attack. A part of the 
force, however, became dissatisfied and returned. 
So that they numbered but about 250 men. 
Deeming it unsafe with so little strength to attack 
Portsmouth they proceeded to Haverhill, and hav- 
ing passed the garrison undiscovered, fell upon 
the town about the break of day. The family of 
Mr Benjamin Rolfe, the minister, was the first to 
feel their unsparing hand. 

Mr Rolfe placed himself against the door, at 
which they were endeavoring to gain access, and 
refused them admittance. They soon shot him 
through the door, forced it open, and killed his 
wife and one child, and three soldiers, who were 
garrisoned in the house, but who justly merited 
their fate for refusing any assistance in the de- 
fence of the house. Hagar, the maid-servant, car- 
ried two of the children into the cellar, covered 
them over with tubs and they were preserved. 

Many other fiimilies mourned the loss of friends 
and relatives. In all, nearly 40 were killed or 
captured. Many owed their preservation to one 
Davis, an intrepid man, who raised the cry, 
" Come on ! Come on ! we will have them !" The 
Indians continued the cry, a little altered however, 
but which answered the purpose, " The English are 
come! the English are come ! " and retreated in 
haste. 

John Ward, the venerable pastor of the town, 
died Dec. 27th 1693, aged 87. He was born in 



120 HAVERHILL. 

Haverhill, England, and this town was called Ha- 
verhill in compliment to him. He was one of the 
original settlers of the town and ever continued 
friendly to its interests. Universally beloved and 
happy in the affections of his people, he united 
the characters of the pastor and the citizen and 
adapted them to the situation and wants of his 
people. The praises of God had probably never 
been sung in the wilds of Pentucket, before they 
were uttered forth by his voice. His salary was 
at first 40 pounds to be paid in " wheat and In- 
dian," and his wood to be " cut and corded." 
His father was the Rev. Nathaniel Ward, of Eng- 
land, one of the most celebrated worthies of the 
times, " whose wit," says Cotton Mather, " made 
him known to more Englands than one." He 
was settled for a short time at Ipswich, and was 
the author of " The Simple Cobler of Agawam 
in America." With the mention of his name, by 
Rapin, the historian of England, the colonies are 
noticed for the first time as connected with the 
politics of England. 

Several of Mr Ward's successors were eminent 
ministers ; particularly Gardner, Brown and Bar- 
nard, whose praise is still in the churches, and the 
late Abiel Abbot. 

A short account of the " Saltonstall family," so 
well known in the history of Massachusetts Col- 
ony, may not be here inappropriate. Sir Richard 
Saltonstall, (grandson of Sir Richard Saltonstall, 
Lord Mayor of London, in the year 1597) arrived 
in this country in 1630. He took a deep and 
early interest in the New England Colonies. He 
was one of the original patentees of Massachu- 
setts Bay and Connecticut. Sir R. has been 
styled "one of the fathers of Massachusetts Col- 



HAVERHILL. J21 

ony," and he may well merit the title. He him- 
self returned to England, on account of the rigor 
of the climate, but left his two eldest sons. In 
1649, he was commissioned with others by parlia- 
ment, for the trial of Duke Hamilton, Lord Capel, 
and the Earl of Holland, for high treason. 

Nathaniel (grandson of Sir R. S.) married the 
daughter of Mr Ward. In 1686, he was named 
as one of the council for the government of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay which he declined accepting. 

Soon after the seizure of Sir Edmund Andros, 
he joined the council, and remained in office, un- 
til the charter of William and Mary, when he was 
appointed one of his majesty's council. Col. S., 
like his grandfather, was uncommonly liberal- 
minded for a man of those times, and in a measure 
stood aloof from the superstition that prevailed. 

In 1692, when the celebrated witchcraft delu- 
sion began to prevail, he was one of the judges 
of the court, but withdrew, and always expressed 
himself, as dissatisfied with the proceedings. By 
this act he manifested his superiority to the popu- 
lar delusion, and his wisdom in checking it to the 
extent of his power, 

Gurdon, his eldest son, was several years minis- 
ter at New London, and so distinguished was his 
reputation, that upon the death of Fitz John Win- 
throp, he was appointed governor of Connecticut, 
by the legislature, and continued in office till his 
death, in 1724. Richard, grandson of Nathaniel, 
held the office of judge of the Sunerior Court from 
1736 till his death in 1756. 

Richard, son of the last named Richard, was 

Col. of the regiment in Haverhill and vicinity, and 

sheriff of the county. He was a loyalist — and in 

1774, a mob assembled to attack him, and paraded 

8 



122 HAVERHILL. 

in front of his house. He immediately came to 
the door and addressed them with firmness and 
dignity, and requested them to go to the tavern, 
and make free at his expense. They accepted 
his proposal, huzzaed to the praise of Col. Salton- 
stall, and never attempted to mob him again. He 
shortly after embarked for England, and never 
returned. He had been a brave and distinguished 
officer in the French war, and had such an opin- 
ion of British power, that he thought the resistance 
of the colonies wholly desperate. 

The first notice of a school in Haverhill, is in 
1661. In 1671, it was voted to build a school 
house. 

In 1669, it was ordered that a list of voters 
should be taken, and if any one did not appear 
and answer to his name, who was warned, he 
should be fined eighteen pence. 

In 1676, it was resolved that no vote should be 
valid that was passed after sunset. 

In 1709, the house of Col. Richard Saltonstall 
was blown up by a negro wench. 

In 1740, an Alms house was erected, but the 
people became dissatisfied with it, and the poor 
were supported in families. 

In 1759, pot and pearl ash works were erected, 
by Samuel Blodget. and for a long time continued 
in successful operation. 

In 1769, salt works were erected, but were 
found unprofitable. 

In 1790, the West India trade was considerable, 
and many vessels owned in Haverhill were en- 
gaged in it. 

The first newspaper was issued in 1793. 

In 1794, Haverhill bridge was completed. It 
was erected on three arches of 180 feet each, sup- 



HAVERHILL. 123 

ported by three stone piers, and is an admirable 
specimen of architecture. It was planned by 
Moody Spofford, Esq. of Rowley. Mr Palmer, 
his partner, afterwards built one over the Schuyl- 
kill, on the same plan. Haverhill bridge was re- 
built in 1808, and may now vie with any other in 
New England for strength and durability. 

Merrimack bridge which connects " Rock's vil- 
lage " with West Newbury is six miles below 
Haverhill. This was rebuilt in 1828 in a superior 
style. It is 900 feet in length, and rests upon 
four stone piers. 

The natural situation of Haverhill, is certainly 
one of the most beautiful in the Commonwealth. 
It is located on the northern side of the Merrimack, 
eighteen miles from its mouth, and at the head of 
navigation. The view of the town from the river 
below is uncommonly fine. Built upon a gentle 
ncclivity the houses rise one above another in 
beautiful proportion, and interspersed here and 
there with trees, afford a delightful scenery. The 
Merrimack flows calmly at its base, not in one 
straight, monotonous course, but gently meander- 
ing, creating a pleasing variety. Upon the east 
rises " Golden Hill," from the summit of which, 
is a rich prospect of the river and the surrounding 
country, and the distant horizon skirted with 
mountains. Upon the west is " Silver's Hill," not 
quite as high and commanding as the former, but 
its excellent state of cultivation (owing principally 
to the enterprise of David How, Esq. who has also 
improved ** Golden Hill,") and its many natural 
embellishments, add interest and splendor to the 
scene. 

There are three fine ponds in the immediate 
vicinity of the town, called Plug pond, Round 



124 HAVERHILL. 

pond, (from which the town is supplied with wa- 
ter) and Great pond. The latter is more particu- 
larly celebrated for the beautiful scenery around 
its shores, and the fine fish from its waters. 

The village is a place of considerable trade, and 
is rapidly increasing in business and population. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1810, 2682 ; in 1820, 3070 ; 
in 1830, 3912. 

Ratable Polls, 1038. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — James Gale. 

Town Treasurer — James Gale. 

Selectmen and Assessors — Jesse Harding, Samuel 
Johnson, Ephraim Corliss, Oliver Morse, Moses 
Merrill. 

LAVv^YERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyers — Stephen Minot, Isaac R. How, James 
H. Duncan, Gihnan Parker, Alfred Kittredge, Charles 
Minot. 

Physicians — Rufus Longley, Aaron Kittredge, Au- 
gustus Whiting, Timothy Keniston. 
> Justices of the Peace and Quorum — Israel Bartlett, 
Stephen Minot, Moses Wingate, James H. Duncan, 
Leonard White. 

Justices of the Peace— Jnnies Ayer, Oliver Morse, 
Charles White, Nathaniel Ladd, Isaac R. How, Mo- 
ses Merrill, P]noch Foot, Nathaniel Hills, William 
Bacheller, Barnard Brickett, Jr., Warner Whittier, 
David How, Rufus Longley, Ephraim Corliss, Gil- 
man Parker, Moses G. J. Emery. 

Deputy Sheriff— Charles L. Bartlett. 

Notaries Public — Charles White, Charles Minot. 

Coroners — Oliver Morse, Enoch Foot, Nathaniel 
Hills, John Marsh. 

Postmasters — James Gale, John Johnson, Jr. 



HAVERHILL* 125 



RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 



CENTRE VILLAGE. 

First Parish. — Formerly Orthodox, — now Unita- 
rian ; organized 1641. The first pastor was John 
Ward. He was born at Haverhill, Eng., Nov. 5, 
1606; was settled here 1641 ; died Dec. 27, 1693. 
The second pastor was Benjamin Rolf. He was 
born at Newbury, Sept. 13, 1662 ; settled here Jan. 
7, lf)94; died Aug. 29, l708. The third pastor was 
Joshua Gardner. He was born 16S7 ; settled here 
Jan. 10, 1711 ; died March 21, 1715. The fourth 
pastor was John Brown. He was born at Cambridge, 
1696; settled here May 13, 1719 ; died Dec. 2, 1742. 
The fifth pastor v»as Edward Barnard. He was 
born at Andover, June 15, 1720; settled here April 
27, 1743 ; died Jan. 26, 1774. The sixth pastor was 
John Shaw. He was born at Bridgewater, Nov. 7, 
1747; settled here March 12, 1777; died Sept. 29, 
1794. He preached the day before his death. The 
seventh pastor was Abiel Abbot. He was born at 
Andover, Aug. 17, 1770 ; settled here June 8, 1795 ; 
retired June 13, 1803, and settled over the first church 
in Beverly, Dec. 14, same year. The eighth pastor 
was Joshua Dodge. He was born at Hamilton, Sept. 
21,1779; settled here Dec. 21, 1803; retired June 
18, 1827, and settled at Moultonborough, N. H. Feb. 
27, 1828. The ninth pastor was Dudley Phelps. 
He wa.s born at Hebron, Ct., Jan 25, 1798 ; gradu- 
ated at Yale, 1823 ; settled here Jan. 9, 1828. Mr 
Phelps retired 1833, and the present pastor, Nathan- 
iel Gage, a Unitarian, settled. 

Central Congregational (Orthodox). — This is the 
church which retired, when the Unitarians became 
possessors of the first parish meeting house and 
funds. Re-organized Aug. 28, 1833. Pastor, Joseph 
Whittlesey. 

First Baptist.— Organized 1765. Pastor, Edward 
N. Han-is. 

Christian. — This society was gathered in 180S, but 
had no settled pastor till 1826, when Elder Henry 
Plummer, who still continues pastor, was ordained. 



126 HAVEllHlLl. 

Universalist. — This society is now without a settled 
pastor. 

Centre Baptist,— At present not holding meetings.* 

WEST PARISH. 

Orthodox. — Gathered, October, 1735. Pastor, Abi-- 
jah Cross. Mr Cross was born at Methuen, Oct. 25, 
1793; graduated at Dartmouth, 1821; settled here, 
May 18, 1831. 

Universalist, — This society was incorporated June 
12,1824; meetinghouse dedicated April 12, 1825; and 
Thomas G. Farnsworth installed pastor same day. 
Mr Farnsworth still continues his pastoral charge. 

EAST PARISH, 

Orthodox. — Gathered, 1743. Pastor, James R, 
Gushing. 

Baptist. — There is a also a society of Baptists at 
East "Parish, 

NORTH PARISH, 

In the North Parish there is a society of Orthodox 
Congregationalists, who are connected with a society 
at Plaistow, N. H., the adjoining town; Samuel H. 
Peckham is pastor, and the place of worship is at 
Plaistow. 

SCHOOLS. 

Haverfiill Academy. — This institution Was opened 
in 1827. The building is of brick, two stories in 
height, sixtytvvo feet in length, and thirtythree feet in 
breadth. Number of pupils last season, about 65^ 
Preceptor, William Taggart. 

Districts. — There are twelve school districts, with 
900 scholars. School tax, $2,000. 

There are several private schools in the town, kept 
the whole or a part of the year; and the amount paid 
annually for tuition, aside from the public schools, 
about $825. 

BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANY. 

Mei'rimack Bank. — Incorporated 1814. Capital, 
$270,000. Discount day, Monday. President, James 
H. Duncan. Cashier , Leonard White. Director s. 



HAVE&HILL. 127 

•James It. Duncan, David Marsh, jr., John Dow, 
Warner VYhittier, Nathan Webster, Thomas West, 
iRufiis Longley, D. P. Harmon, Leonard Johnson, 
Thomas Newcomb, Jesse Kimball, John Woodman. 

Institution for Savings. Incorporated, 1829. 
Amount of deposits, $43,000. President, Rufus 
Longley. Treasurer, James Gale. 

Mutual Fire Insurance Company.— Incorporated, 
1830. Not yet organized^ 

LIBRARIES. 

Social Library. — Organized April 12, 1796. Num- 
ber of volumes, 743. 

The Mechanics'' Library Association was organ- 
ized in 1831, having a collection of about 200 vol- 
umes. 

Besides these, there are a number of small libraries 
attached to different societies. 

MILITARY. 

Light Infantry^ — Organized 1810. Enrolled mem- 
bers, 35. Captain, \. Smith; Lieutenant, Stephen 
Thompson; Ensign, Isaac Webster 

There are also two companies of the line, 

NEVVSPAPERS. 

Haverhill Gazette. — Published every Saturday 
morning, at $"2 per year, by Erastus Brooks; in pol- 
itics, whig. Now in the 10th volume. Office, Os- 
good's Building. 

Essex 5a7l/ier.— Published every Saturday morn- 
ing, at $2 per year, by Farnsworth & Safford; in 
politics, democratic. Commenced July 5, 1834. Of- 
fice, Bannister's Building. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper, Hezekiah George. Number of inmates, 
SO. 

POST OFFICE. 

[The following arrangement is for the post office 
at the Centre Village. There is another office at 
East Haverhill,] 



128 HAVERHILL. 

MAIL Arrangement. 

Boston; leaves every day at 1, P. M., and on Mon- 
day, Wednesday and Friday, at 8, A. M. also; returns 
every day at noon, and on Tuesday, Thursday and 
Saturday, at half past 7, P. M. also. 

Salem; leaves Tuesday and Saturday, at I, P. M. 
Returns Monday and Friday, at 12, M. 

New bury port, by Bradford and West Newbury; 
leaves Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday j at 1, P. M. 
Returns Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at noon. 

Newburyportj by East Haverhill and West Ames- 
bury; leaves Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 1, 
P. M. Returns Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, 
at noon, 

Lowell; leaves every day, at 1, P. M. Returns 
every day, at 11, A. M. 

Dover, N. H.; leaves every day, at noon. Returns 
every day at 1, P. M. 

Concord, N. H.; leaves Monday, Wednesday and 
Friday, at noon. Returns Tuesday, Thursday and 
Saturday, at 1, P. M. 

Windham and Salem, N. H.; leaves Friday, at 5, 
P. M. Returns Saturday, at 5, P. M. 

STAGES. 

Haverhill and Boston Accommodation Stage, leaves 
Haverhill every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 
8, A. M., and arrives at Boston at 1,'P. M. Return- 
ing, leaves the city Tuesday, Thursday and Satur- 
dav, at 2 1-2, P. M., and arrives at Haverhill at 7 
1-2, P. M. 

Boston Mail Stage, leaves Boston every day, Sun- 
day excepted, at 7 1-2, A. M., and arrives in Haver* 
hill at 12, M. Returning?, leaves Haverhill every day, 
at 1, P. M., and arrives in Boston same evening. 

Salem Stage, leaves Haverhill for Salem every 
Tuesday Thursday and Saturday, at 1, P. M. Re- 
turning, leaves Salem for Haverhill every Monday, 
Wednesday and Frida)'^, at 7, A. M., and arrives in 
Haverhill between 11 and 12. 

Newburyport Stage, leaves Newbury port for Ha- 



HAVERHILL. 129 

verhill every day, at 9, A.M., and arrives at half past 
11. Returning, leaves Haverhill every day, at J, and 
arrives in Newburyport at 4. 

Lowell and Methuen Stage, leaves Haverhill every 
day, at 1, and arrives at half past 4. Returning, 
leaves Lowell every day at 8, A. M., and arrives in 
Haverhill at half past 11. 

Exeter and Dover Stage, leaves Haverhill every 
(lay, at 12, for Dover, and arrives at 6, P. M. Re- 
turning, leaves Dover at half past 7, A. M. and arrives 
in Haverhill at 1, P. M., every day. 

Concord Stage, leaves Haverhill every Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday, at 12, and arrives at Con- 
cord the same evening. Returning, leaves Concord 
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 7, A. M., and 
arrives in Haverhill at 1, P. M. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Divisions of Soil. — Tillage, 957 acres; English and 
upland mowing, 2487 acres; fresh meadow, 757 acres; 
pasturage, 6391 acres; woodland, 1305 acres; the 
wood is principally oak and walnut. The whole 
town contains 15,000 acres. 

Distances from Haverhill Bridge. — To Boston, 29 
miles; to Salem, 22 miles; to Newburyport, 14 miles; 
to Ipswich, 15 miles; to Portsmouth, 30 miles. 

Ponds. — Plug Pond, Round Pond and Great Pond, 
mentioned on a preceding leaf are within half a mile 
of each other, and within one mile of the Bridge. 
Creek Pond is in the West Parish. They cover, col- 
lectively about 750 acres. Great Pond occupies about 
250 acres, and is said to be from 40 to 80 feet in depth. 
Its waters abound with ])erch and pickerel of the 
finest quality. The scenery surrounding Creek Pond, 
as well as that surrounding Great Pond, is exceed- 
ingly beautiful. 

Manufactures. — Shoe manufacturing is carried on 
here to great extent; the number of pairs manufac- 
tured last year probably varies very little, either way, 
from 1,500,000. Hats are manufactured to an amount 
exceeding #100,000 annually. Great quantities of 
horn combs are manufactured at the East Parish, 



i30 ij^swictt. 

Valuation. — The assessor's valuation stands at 
$1,240,082. 

Dwellings, — The number of dwellings is 489. 

Fire Department.^^^ive fire engines, with the ne- 
cessary accompaniments, and efBcient companies. 

Corporations, Societies, ^c. — There are a consid-^ 
erable number of associations, which might be intro- 
duced under this head. Fire Club, organized 1768. 
HaDerhill Bridge, incorporated 1793. Merrimack 
Bridge, incorporated 1794. Aqueduct Company, in- 
corporated 1802. Stage Company, organized 1818. 
Female Benevolent Society, organized 1818. Haver- 
hill Lyceum, organized 1830. Temperance Society, 
organized 1828, &c» &lc. 

Corner Stone. — Upon the brow of the hill, in the 
northern section of the town, called Brandy Brow, is 
a large rock, which stands at the corner of four towns j 
viz. Amesbury, Haverhill, Newtown, Plaistow. 



IPSWICH. 

The Indian name of this town was Agawamj 
or Augoan, and it is the first place in Essex Coun-« 
ty which any European is known to have visited. 
In 1611 Edward Harlie and Nicholas Hobson 
came here and were kindly received by the Indians i 
but they did not remain in the country. Captain 
John Smith, who took a draft of New England in 
1614, thus speaks of Agawam : *' Here are many 
rising hills, and on their tops and descents are 
many come fields and delightful groues. On the 
east is an isle of two or three leagues in length ; 
Ihe one halfe plaine marish ground, fit for pas- 
ture, or salt ponds, with many faire high groues of 
mulberry trees. There are also oakes, pines, wal- 
ttnts and other wood, to make this place an excel- 
lent habitation." The permanent settlement of 



the town was commenced in March, 1G33, by John 
Winthrop, a son of the governor, and twelve oth- 
ers, among whom were William Clark, Robert 
Coles, Thomas Howlet, John Briggs, John Gage, 
Thomas Hardy, William Perkins, Mr Thorndike, 
and William Sargent. In 1634, the name of Ips- 
wich was substituted for that of Agawam^ and the 
town was incorporated. 

The records of this town extend back to the 
year 1(534 ; they are in a pretty good state of pre- 
servation generally, though some of the earlier 
ones have so sensibly felt the hand of time that Mr 
Burnham, the Town Clerk, has recently been em^ 
ployed in copying them. In the year 1649 among 
other grave matters, the following record appears : 
" Jo : Lee, accused for stealing of a Bible of the 
Widow Haffield : is found guilty : he shall return 
155. to the Widow, and pay Xs. fine for lying." 

Ipswich is bounded north by Rowley, west by 
Boxford and Topsfield, south by Hamilton and 
Essex, east by the ocean, and is 27 miles northeast 
of Boston. The principal village is compactly built, 
and the river runs through the centre. It has a 
neat appearance, and strikes the stranger as being 
the abode of comfort and thrift. The surface of 
the township is somewhat uneven, but most of 
the land is Very good, and from hence, including 
Hamilton and Essex, about one thousand tons of 
English hay are annually carried to the Boston 
market. 

Ipswich is one of the three shire towns of Essex 
County. Here the nisi prius term of the Supreme 
Judicial Court is held, and the March and Decem- 
ber term of the Court of Common Pleas. The 
County Commissioners meet here in April and 
sometimes also in December. The Probate Court 
is also held here eight times a year. 



132 ipswica. 

Ipswich has long been known as a manufactuf* 
ing town. The manufacture of thread and silk 
lace was formerly carried on here to great extent. 
As early as 1790, about 42,000 yards were made 
annually. The " Boston and Ipswich f.ace Fac- 
tory" was incorporated in 1824, with a capital of 
$ 150,000 ; but it was discontinued in 1828. The 
'* New England Lace Factory" was incorporated in 
1827, with a capital of $50,000, but that also 
ceased operations in 1833, and the manufacture 
generally has declined. There is now a Cotton 
Factory on the river, near Choate Bridge, at which 
considerable business is done. The building is of 
stone, and was erected in 1828-9 



POPULATION. 

The population of Ipswich was, in 1800, 3305; in 
1810, 3569 ; in 1820, (after the separation of Essex), 
2583 ; in 18.30, 2951. Probable increase since last 
census, 200. 

Ratable Polls, 522. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk-^'Ebenezer Burnham. 
Treasurer and Collector — Josiah Caldwell. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Nathaniel Scott, Eze- 
kiel Dodge, Hamilton Brown. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyers — Asa Andrews, Ephraim F. Miller. 

Physicians— ThomaiS Manning, George Chadwick, 
Simeon E. Strong. 

Justices of the Quorum — Nathaniel Lord, Jr., Wil- 
liam F. Wade, Charles Kimball. 

Justices of the Peace — .Jabez Farley, Joseph Far- 
ley, Thomas Manning, William Conant, George W. 
Heard, Timothy Appleton, Ammi R. Smith, Joseph 
Dennis. 



IPSWICH. 133 

Coroners — Michael Brown, William F. Wade. 
Notaries Public — Jabez Farley, Charles KiriibalL 

DEPUTY SHERIFFS AND CUSTOM HOUSE OFFICERS. 

Deputy Sheriffs — Michael Brown, Theodore An- 
drews. 

Custom House Officers — Timothy Souther, Collec- 
tor ; Ebenezer Pulsifer, Inspector. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church — This church was organized the 
same year in which the town was incorporated, 1684. 
Itis Orthodox Congregational, and now numbers 208 
communicants. A Sabbath School was organized in 
1817, and the average number of scholars h about 
150. A pastor and teacher were supported here till 
1744. The succession is given below in the order of 
settlement. The first ]>reacher was Thomas Parker, 
who was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1596, and 
received his education at Oxford. He came here 
May, 1634; left the next year, and went to New- 
bury, where he was settled over the first church. 
One year before his decease, we are informed by Mr 
Felt, he had the palsy in his tongue, which prevented 
his pronouncing words or syllables, though it allowed 
of his speaking letters ; and by the nientioning of 
these, he made his thoughts known. He died April 
24, 1677. Nathaniel Ward, who is generally called 
the first pastor, was settled here in June, 1634. He 
was born at Haverhill, Eng., in 1570, and preached 
at Standon before he came to this country. He ap- 
pears to have possessed much legal knowledge, and 
aided the legislature of Massachusetts Colony in 
forming their laws. He resigned at Ipswich, on ac- 
count of ill health, February 20, 1637; returned to 
England ten years afterward, and became minister of 
Shenfield, where he died in 1653. Nathaniel Rogers, 
who was settled here February 20, 1638, was a de- 
scendant of the martyr, and was born at Haverhill, 
England, in 1598. He came to New England, in 
Nov. 1636 ; died July 3, 1655. John Norton was 



134 IPSWICH. 

settled here the same day on which Mr Rogers was 
settled. He was born at Starford, England, May 6, 
1606, and arrived at Plymouth, in Oct. 1635 ; resigned 
1652 ; died April 5, 1663. Thomas Cobbett, was in- 
stalled here in 1656. He was born at Newbury, 
Eng. in 1608 ; received his education at Oxford ; was 
settled as an Episcopal minister at Lincohishire ; ar- 
rived in Massachusetts, June 26, 1637, and was set- 
tled at Lynn, as colleague with Mr Whiting, the same 
year; died Nov, 5, 1685. William Hubbard was 
settled here in 1656. He was born in England, 1621j 
arrived in this country, 1630 ; was educated at Har- 
vard, graduating in 1642 ; died September 14, 1704. 
John Rogers was settled here in 1656. He was born 
at Assington, Eng., 1630; came to New England, 
1636 ; graduated at Harvard, 1649 ; resigned at Ips- 
wich, Aug. 12, 1683 ; was on the same day installed 
president of Harvard college, and died suddenly the 
day after commencement. John Dennison, began to 
preach here in 1686, without being ordained. He 
was born in Ipswich, 1665 ; graduated at Harvard, 
1684 ; died Sept. 14, 1689. John Rogers, the second 
of the same name, was settled here Oct. 12, 1692. 
He was born at Ipswich, July 7, 1666 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1684 ; died Dec. 28, 1745. Jabez Fitch, 
was settled here Oct. 24, 1703. He was born at Nor- 
wich, Ct., 1671 ; graduated at Harvard, 1694 ; re- 
signed Nov. 17, 1724 ; was installed at Portsmouth, 
1725; died Nov. 22, 1746. Nathaniel Rogers, was 
settled here Oct. 18, 1727. He was born at Ipswich, 
March 4, 1704 ; graduated at Harvard, 1721 ; died 
May 10, 1775. Timothy Synmies, was settled here 
1752. He was born at Scituate, 1716 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1733 ; died April 6, 1756. Levi Frisbee, 
was installed here Feb. 7, 1776. He was born at 
Branford, Ct. 1748 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1771 ; 
died Feb. 25, 1806. David Tenney Kimball, the pre- 
sent pastor, was born at Branford, Nov. 23, 1782 ; 
graduated at Harvard, 1803 ; studied with Mr French 
of Andover ; was settled here, Oct. 8, 1806. 

South Church. — Orthodox Congregational ; organ- 



IPSWICH. 1 35 

ized July 22, 1747. Number of communicants, 146. 
Sabbath School organized 1824 ; pupils, 180. Pastor, 
Daniel Fitz. MrFitz was born at Sandown, N. H. 
May 28, 1795, ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1818, and at 
Andover, Theological Seminary, 1825 ; settled here, 
June 28, 1826. 

Independent. — Unitarian Congregational. Organ- 
ized 1828. Meeting-house built, 1833. Sabbath 
school attached. No settled pastor. 

Line Brook Parish. — Orthodox Congregational. 
Organized, 1749 ; n nv vacant. 

Methodist.— Organized, March, 1822. Meeting- 
house built 1824. Number of conmiunicants, 135. 
Sabbath school attached, with 140 scholars. Pastor, 
N. S. Spaulding. 

SCHOOLS. 

Ipswich Female Seminary. — This institution was 
incorporated Feb. 28, 1828. The buildings were 
erected in 1825, and cost about $4000. There is no 
established fund. The school is in a very flourishing 
condition, and the number of pupils last year were : 
summer term, 119; winter term, 129. The summer 
term commences on the last Wednesday of May, and 
continues sixteen weeks. The winter term com- 
mences on the last Wednesday in October, and con- 
tinues twentyfive weeks, including one week in which 
the exercises are suspended. 

Course of Study, ^c. — The regular course consists 
of j>rin)ary studies, and a two years' course in the 
regidar classes, denominated Junior and Senior. 

It is not expected that all who enter the school, will 
pursue the regular course. Those among the more 
advanced pupils who design to continue members of 
the school no more than a year, may either pursue an 
outline of a part of the branches here taught, or make 
it an object to gain a thorough knowledge of such 
studies as seem best suited to promote their individual 
improvement. In recitations, the regular classes are 
not kept distinct ; but all the pupils are arranged in 
temporary classes as may best promote the good of 
individual. 



136 IPSWICH. 

Primary Studies. — Mental Arithmetic, Written 
Arithmetic, English Grammar, First Book of Euclid's 
Geometry, Modem and Ancient Geography, Govern- 
ment of the United States, Modern and Ancient His- 
tory, Botany, Watts on the Mind. 

Studies of the Junior Class. — Written Arithmetic 
completed, English Grammar continued, the Se- 
cond, Third, and Fourth Books of Euclid's Geometry, 
Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Intellec- 
tual Philosophy, Rhetoric. 

Studies of the Senior Class. — Some of the preced- 
ing studies reviewed and continued. Algebra, Ecclesi- 
astical History, Natural Theology, Philosophy of 
Natural History, Analogy of Natural and Revealed 
Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature, 
Evidences of Christianity. Reading, Composition, 
Calisthenics, Vocal Music, the Bible, and several of 
the above branches of study will receive attention 
through the course. Those who are deficient in spell- 
ing and writing, will have exercises in these branches, 
whatever may be their other attainments. Linear 
Drawing will also receive attention. It is desired, 
that so far as practicable, young ladies before entering 
the Seminary, should be skilful in both mental and 
written Arithmetic, and thoroughly acquainted with 
Geography, and the History of the United States. 

Board, including washing and lights, $1 75 a week. 
Fuel a separate charge. Tuition for the winter term, 
$15-, for the summer term, ^'10. No extra charge 
for instruction in any of the branches enumerated in 
the preceding list, and no extra charge for incidentals, 
as care of the building, fuel at the Seminary, &c. 
The tuition and half the bill for board to be paid at 
entrance. 

Principal— Mas?-, Z. P. Grant. 

Trustees. — David T. K\mhi\\\, President. Charles 
'Kimball, Secretary. Daniel Fitz, Joseph B. Felt, 
Nathaniel Lord, Jr., Samuel N. Baker, Daniel Cogs- 
well. 

Grammar School. — This school was commenced in 
1636. On the llth Jan. 1650, the town granted to 



IPSWICH. 137 

Robert Paine and others, for the benefit of the school, 
all the neck of land beyond Chebacco River (call- 
ed Chebacco Farm) ; but the grantees, not fore- 
seeing the value to which this land would soon attain, 
unfortunately leased it, for the term of a thousand 
years, for £14 per annum. The Grammar School 
Lot, so called, was granted about the same time, and 
several other grants were subsequently made, con- 
sisting chiefly of rights on Jeffrey's Neck. The 
school has not heretofore been very prosperous, but 
it will probably soon be in more flourishing circum- 
stances, as the trustees, having recently effected the 
sale of the school lot, with a small reserve, have a 
fund at their disposal. 

Feoffees. — David T. Kimball, George W. Heard, 
Ebenezer Lord, Jr. Samuel N. Baker, and the three 
senior Selectmen of the town. 

Burley Education Fund. — The late Wm. Burley, 
of Beverly, a native of Ipswich, by his will, gave 
$500 to this town " for the sole purpose of teaching 
poor children to read and instructing them in the 
principles of the Christian religion." This legacy 
was directed to be paid in ten annuities of $50 each ; 
but for the purpose of extending and perpetuating the 
pious and benevolent intentions of the donor, his ex- 
ecutors paid the whole sum in advance to constitute 
a permanent fund, on certain conditions with which 
the town have now complied — having raised and 
appropriated $50 a year for ten years as directed by 
Mr Burley's will. The fund is increasing and in 
April last amounted to $843. By the terms of the in- 
corporation only a part of the annual income is to be 
expended, and that at the discretion of the trustees, 
until such income shall amount to $3000. The fund 
is for the benefit of the children of the several districts, 
and not more than two of the trustees can be resi- 
dents in any one district. The trustees are elected by 
the town, — each one for the term of ten years, — 
an election being had once in two years at tke an- 
nual town meeting, and one being elected at a time. 
If the town fail to make an election, the trustees 
9 



138 IPSWICH. 

themselves fill any vacancy by appointmen! . The 
trustees are required to make an annual report to the 
town of their proceedings and the state of their funds. 

Trustees. — Nathaniel Lord, Jr. President and 
Treasurer, William Conant, Josiah Brown, John 
Kimball, Daniel Cogswell. Charles Kimball, Clerk of 
the Board, 

District Schools, See. — There are eight District 
Schools ; one, kept through the year. Number of 
scholars 626. A primary school is kept in each dis- 
trict a part of the year. There are also some private 
schools, for smaller children kept by females. 

The annual amount paid for instruction in Acade- 
mies, &c. is about $400. 



There is one bank in Ipswich. Incorporated, 
March 25, 1833. Capital, ^'100,000. Geo. W.Heard, 
President. Charles Kimball, Geo. Chadwick, Mi- 
chael Brown, Joseph Wait, John Baker, 3d, Samuel 
N. Baker, E. F. Miller, Frederic Mitchell, Nehemiah 
Brown, Samuel R. Hodges, Robert Farley, Directors. 
Joseph Lord, Jr. Cashier. 

LIBRARIES. 

Ipswich Social Library, founded 1791. Number of 
volumes, 330. Ipswich Religious Library ; and sev- 
eral others of less injportance. 

POST OFFICE. 

The Ipswich Post Office was established in 1775, 
The gross amount of postaffe accruing for the year 
ending July 1, 1835, was $!l,022 70. 

Mail Arrangements. — The southern mail arrives at 
Hi A. M. and 4 P. M. The eastern mail arrives at 
4 P. M. Eastern closes at 11 A. M. and 3^ P. M. 
Southern closes at Si P. M. 

Post Master. — Stephen Coburn. 

Office Hours.— From 7 to 12i A. M. From 1 to 9 
P. M. 



IPSWICH. 139 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

Ipswich Hotel. — Owned by William Sutton, of Dan- 
vers. 

Franklin House. — Samuel Day. 

There is also a public house kept near the Bridge, 
by Mrs Hannah Ross ; and one near the beach, by 
Tristam Brown. 

STAGES. 

Stages of the eastern line pass for Boston at 9 A: 
M., 2 P. M., and 5 P. M. ; for Newburyport and 
Portsmouth at half past 11 A. M. and 5 P. M. ; be- 
sides many extra stages which pass very frequently, 
on either route. An accommodation stage passes 
daily from Boston for Newburyport and Amesbury 
and Salisbury Mills, at 4 P. M. A stage leaves for 
Gloucester, passing through Essex, of course, every 
Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 2 P. M. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Fire Department. — There are two Engines, with 
one fireward attached to each. 

Appropriations. — The money voted to be raised for 
the current year, was to be expended as follows : for 
town expenses, $2,500; highways $1,600; schools 
$1,400. Total $5,500 

Divisions of Land. — Ipswich contains 778 acres of 
tillage ; 2,000 acres of English and upland mowing ; 
496 acres of fresh meadow ; 3,968 acres of salt marsh; 
7,423 acres of pasturage ; 404 acres of woodland. 

Valuation. — The town stands in the State valua- 
ation at $577,142 31. 

Shipping. — The District of Ipswich includes Es- 
sex. There are at present no vessels engaged in for- 
eign trade from the district, and the tonnage varies so 
much, as to render it difficult to determine the precise 
amount ; but it may be put down as averaging 4,000 
tons, enrolled and licensed. 

Choate Bridge. — Ipswich river, which separates 
the principal village into two sections, is crossed by a 
substantial stone bridge, which was built in 1764, and 
named Choate Bridge, in compliment to Judge 



140 LYNN. 

Choate. It is built upon two arches, and cost £1000, 
which was paid by the town and county, in equal 
portions. The bridge is much too narrow for con- 
venience or safety, but it is probable that the enter- 
prising citizens will soon employ some means to 
remedy the defect. 

Alewife Fishery. — About 350 barrels of alewives 
are taken here annually, which are mostly disposed of 
in the West India market. 

Dwellings. — There are S39 dwellings in the town. 



LYNN. 

The settlement of Lynn was commenced about 
the middle of the year 1629. The township at 
first comprised not only its present territory, but 
what now forms the towns of Saugus, Lynnfield, 
Reading and South Reading. In 1810, it was 
the seventh town in the county in point of popula- 
tion ; in 1820, the fifth; in 1830, the fourth; at 
the present time it is second only to Salem. 

This town is pleasantly located on the northern 
shore of Massachusetts Bay, and is nine miles 
northeast of Boston. The dwellings are mostly 
on an extensive plain stretching from the abrupt 
hills on the northern border, to the shore of the 
ocean, and being mostly built in a neat style of 
architecture, and generally painted white, give the 
whole town a very pleasant appearance. 

Setting aside the internal enterprise, this town is 
at all times a place of much stir, as the principal 
current of eastern land travel flows directly 
through it. During the summer months it is ren- 
dered peculiarly the scene of gaiety and bustle, 
from the delightful retreats comprehended within 



LYNN. 141 

its precincts. Nahant* and the Mineral Spring 
have long been celebrated ; they have been alike 
the resort of the pleasure seeking child of fortune, 
and the health seeking child of disease. 

From the elevations in the vicinity of the town, 
a most enchanting prospect is presented, compre- 
hending the harbor of Boston with its hundred 
islands; the spires and domes of the city, with 
the heights of Norfolk in the back ground ; and 
nearly the whole compass of Massachusetts Bay, 
with the outline of Cape Cod, stretching along the 
southern horizon. Jutting out a few furlongs into 
the sea, on the south of the town, appear the rug- 
ged cliffs of Nahant, and the hard polished beach, 
leading to this far famed watering place, appears 
like a narrow foot path of sand upon the waters. 

Lynn Beach is ever viewed as an interesting 
curiosity. It is a mile and a half in length, and 
sixty rods in width, presenting a fine polished sur- 
face of sand, so hard that horses' hoofs scarcely 
make an impression. It was on an eminence over- 
looking this beach, that the residence of the 
Sagamore of the Saugus tribe was located, previ* 
ous to the coming of the whites, and his people 
used to assemble on the beach to pursue their 
games. They divided themselves into parties, and 
drawing a line along the sand, interchanged over 
it their tokens of friendship. They then engaged 
in running, leaping, shooting and other sports, and 
those who were victorious gained prizes of skins, 
ornaments, or wampum. 



* Nahant, in the Indian language, is said to signify the 
lover's walk ; a name, like most of those given by the In- 
dians, peculiarly expressive and happy. 



142 LYNN. 

With the history of this town is identified the 
history of shoeniaking in this quarter. Ladies' 
shoes appear at first to have been manufactured of 
common woollen cloth, or coarse curried leather ; 
afterwards of cassimere, shalloon, &/C. and some 
of satin, florentine and damask. They were usu- 
ally made with straps for large buckles, which 
were worn by women as well as men. Sixty or 
seventy year^J ago they were mostly made with 
rands, very finely stitched with white waxed 
thread, and had wooden heels. These were suc- 
ceeded by spring heels. All the sole leather was 
worked with the flesh side out. In the year 1750, 
John Adam Deaggeor came to Lynn from London. 
He was an accomplished workman, and took great 
pains to instruct the young men of the town ; he 
did much to improve the business, and from his 
time to this, there has been a progressive improve- 
ment in the art. But Deaggeor was finally unfortu- 
nate, and died in the alms-house. Previous to the 
revolution, the business was conducted in quite a 
different manner from the present mode ; many in- 
dividuals, with small capital, carried it on, confin- 
ing their operations to their own family; father, 
sons and apprentices, with perhaps a journeyman 
or two, all in one sh< p of twelve or fourteen feet 
square, with a chimney in one corner and a cut- 
ting board in another, pursued their labors. Af- 
ter the revolution, the business began to be con- 
ducted on a more extensive scale; and its present 
aspect will appear from the fact that upwards of 
2,'205,000 pairs were manufactured last year. 

There are several fine ponds in this town, which, 
aside from their utility in furnishing water privi- 
leges, give diversity and beauty to the landscape. 
The Floating Bridge, which lies upon a pond not 



LYNN. 143 

far from tire Salem line, has been regarded by 
many as quite a curiosity. This pond covers a 
considerable number of acres, and is of such 
amazing depth that it is commonly spoken of as 
being '' without a bottom." The bridge lies flat 
upon the surface of the pond, and as carriages pass 
©ver, the water is forced up between the planks, 
so that some portions of it are at all times wet. 

The resources of this town consist mainly in 
the industry of its inhabitants. The land, how- 
ever, is very good, and there are some valuable 
water privileges. The harbor is small, and on the 
whole presents little encouragement to the ship- 
ping interest. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1800, 2,837 ; in 1810, 
4,087 ; in 1820, five years after Saugus was set off, 
4,515; in 1830, 6,138. Another census was taken in 
June, 1835, which gave a total of 8,419, showing an 
increase of about 37 percent in five years. 

Ratable Polls, 1,982. 

TOWN OFFICERS, 

Town Clerk — Thomas Bowler, 

Town Treasurer — Amos Rhodes. 

Selectmen and Assessors — Henry A. Breed, Daniel 
R. Witt, Josiah Newhall, Joseph A. Lloyd, Richard 
Richards. 

PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians. — Charles 0. Barker, William B. 
Brown, Edward L. Coffin, Richard Hazeltine, John 
Lummus, William Prescott, N. C. Towle, J. W. 
Whitney, Edward A. Kittredge. 

Lawyers. — Robert W. Trevett, Isaac Gates, Jere- 
miah C. Stickney, John W. Browne, Daniel Hen- 
shaw. 



144 LYNN. 

Justices of the Peace — Elijah Downing, Richard 
Hazelline, John Lummus, Elezer C. Richardson, 
Isaac Story, Isaac Gates, Jeremiah C. Stickney, Dan- 
iel Henshaw, John Mudge, Francis S. Newhall, 
George Johnson, John W. Browne. 

Justices of the Quorum. — R. W. Trevett. 

Coroners. — Elezer C. Richardson, Samuel Viall. 

Notaries Public. — Benjamin Oliver, Edward S, 
Davis. 

Deputy Sheriff. — Charles Merritt. 

Inspector of Customs. — William Hathorne. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — (First Church.) This 
church was gathered in 1632. The house of wor- 
ship is on South Common, corner of Commercial 
Street. They are at present without a settled pastor. 
Number of communicants, 135. There is a Sabbath 
School attached, organized in 1818, now numbering 
180 scholars. The parish records extend back to the 
year 1721. The first pastor was Stephen Batchelor, 
He was born in England, in 1561, and came to Lynn 
in 1632. Six persons who came with him, together 
with those who chose to join him here, constituted 
his church, and he commenced preaching without a 
regular installation. He resigned in 1636, became 
minister of Hampton and finally returned to England^ 
where he died in 1661, aged 100 years. The second 
pastor was Samuel Whiting. He was born in Eng- 
land, Nov. 20, 1597 ; settled here Nov. 8, 1636 ; died 
Dec. 11, 1679, and was interred in the old burying 
place. The third pastor Avas Thomas Cobbet. He 
was born in England, in 1608 ; was settled as an 
Episcopal minister, in Lincolnshire ; ordained here in 
1637, as a colleague with Mr Whiting; resigned, 
1656, and went to Ipswich where he died Nov. 5, 
1685. The fourth pastor was Jeremiah Shepard. 
He was born Aug. 11, 1648, graduated at Harvard 
College, 1669 ; was settled here Oct. 6, 1680, and 
died June 3, 1720. His tomb is in the old burying 
place. Joseph Whiting, a son of the second pastor. 



LYNN. 145 

was born at Lynn, in 1641 ; graduated at Harvard 
College, 1661 ; assisted his father in preaching, sev- 
eral years ; was settled with Mr Shepherd, Oct. 6, 
1680; resigned 1682, and died April 7, 1723, at 
Southampton, L. I. The sixth pastor was Nathaniel 
Henchman. He was born at Boston, Nov. 22, 1700 ; 
graduated at Harvard College, 17i7 ; settled Dec. 
1720; died Dec. 23,1761. His tomb is in the old 
burying place. The seventh pastor was John Tread- 
well. He was born at Ipswich, Sept. 20, 1738 ; 
graduated at Harvard, 1758 ; settled here March 2, 
1763 ; resigned, 1782 ; was subsequently a Senator, 
and Judge of the Common Pleas Court. He died 
at Salem, Jan. 5, 1811. The eighth pastor was Oba- 
diah Parsons. He was born at Gloucester, April 5, 
1747 ; graduated at Harvard, 1768 ; settled here, 
Feb. 4, 1784 ; resigned, July 16, 1792 ; returned to 
his native place, there taught a school and held the 
office of Justice of the Peace. He died Dec. 1801. 
The ninth pastor was Thomas Cushing Thatcher. 
He was born at Maiden, Oct. 11, 1771 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1790; settled here, Aug. 13, 1794; relin- 
quished his pastorship, Feb. 13, 1813. He now re- 
sides at Cambridgeport. The tenth pastor was Isaac 
Hurd. He was born at Charlestown, Dec. 1785 ; 
graduated at Harvard, 1806 ; settled Sept. 15, 1813; 
resigned May 22, 1816. Mr Hurd was installed over 
the second church at Exeter, N. H. Sept. 11, 1817. 
The eleventh pastor was Otis Rockwood. He was 
born at Chesterfield, N. H., May 1, 1791 ; graduated 
at Middlebury, 1813 ; settled here July 1, 1818 ; re- 
signed, June 6, 1832 ; settled at Woodstock, Ct. 
Nov. 30, 1834. The twelfth pastor was David Pea- 
body. He was born at Topsfield, April 16, 1805 ; 
graduated at Dartmouth, 1828 ; settled, Nov. 15, 
1832 ; resigned, 1835. He is now settled at Wor- 
cester. 

First Methodist. — Organized, 1791. Meetinghouse, 
South Common, corner of Market Street. Pastor J. 
Horton. Number of communicants, 302. Sabbath 

260. 



146 



LYNN. 



Second Methodist. — Organized 1811. Meetings 
house, Union Street. Pastor, I. Bonney. Number 
of communicants, 175. Sabbath School organized 
1818 ; number of scholars, 200. 

Third Methodist.— Organuzed 1830. Meeting- 
house, South Street. Pastor, Rev. A. Binney. Num- 
ber of communicants, 210. Sabbath School organ- 
ized 1830 ; number of scholars, 173. 

Friends. — There is a pretty large society of Friends. 
Their Meetinghouse is on Washington Square, oppo- 
site Nahant Street. A well attended Sabbath School 
is attached. 

Baptist. — Incorporated 1816. Meetinghouse, North 
Common Street. Pastor, L. S. Bolles. Number of 
communicants, 180. Sabbath School organized 1818; 
number of scholars, 140. 

C7m7anan.— Incorporated, June 15, 1822. Meet- 
inghouse, South Common Street. Pastor, S. D. Rob- 
bins. Number of communicants 40. Sabbath School 
organized 1825 ; number of scholars 100. 

Universalist. — Organized 1833. Meetinghouse on 
Union Street. Pastor, J. C. Waldo. Church not 
organized. Sabbath School commenced 1834 ; num- 
ber of scholars 60. 

Christians. — A society of this sect has recently 
been commenced here. Pastor, Philemon R. Rus- 
sell. 

BANKS. 

Lynn Mechanics^ Bank. — Location, Broad Street. 
Incorporated, 1814. Capital stock, $150,000. Dis- 
count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. Presidcnt^lsa'mh 
Breed ; Cashier, James Oliver ; Directors, Micajah 
G. Pra.tt, Daniel Farrington, Isaac Bassett, Nathan 
Bre€% John Alley, 3d, Francis S. Newhall, John 
Lovejoy, Josiah Newhall, Isaiah Breed, Joseph N. 
Saunderson. 

Nahant Bank. — Located on North Common Street. 
Incorporated 1832. Capital stock $150,000. Dis- 
count days, Mondays and Thursdays. President, 
Henry A. Breed ; Cashier, Isaac Story. Directors, 



LIfNN, Hi 

Henry A. Breed, Isaac Story, David Taylor, Samuel 
T. Huse, George Johnson, Jeremiah C. Stickney, A. 
Breed. 

Saving's Bank. — Incorporated 1826. Office over 
Lynn Mechanics' Bank. Open every Wednesday at 
2 P. M. President, Isaac Story. Secretary and 
Treasurer, Amos Rhodes. Sums as low as one dol- 
lar are here received in deposit. The rate of interest 
allowed, is five per cent, payable semi-annually in 
April and October. Money may be taken out by de- 
positors on the third Wednesday of every month ; or 
ihey may by will give it to others. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Lynn Mechanics' Fire and Marine Insurance 
Company. — Office over Mechanics' Bank. Incor- 
porated 1832. Capital stock $50,000. No insurance 
above #3,500 is here made on any one risk. Presi- 
dent, Micajah C. Pratt. Secretary, Amos Rhodes. 

Union Fire and Marine Insurance Company. — Of- 
fice, Nahant Bank Building. Incorporated, 1832. 
Capital stock #50,000. No insurance above $3,500 
is here made on any one risk. President, Henry A. 
Breed. Secretary, Isaac Story. 

Lynn Mutual Fire Insurance Company. — Office, 
Market Square. Organized, 1828. On the first of 
June, 1835, the amount of property insured was 
$550,521. President, John Lovejoy. Secretary, A. 
Breed. 

LIBRARIES. 

Lynn Social Library. — Located in Market Street. 
Incorporated 1818. Number of volumes 1000. Open 
on the last Saturday of every month from 6 to 9, P. 
M. and on other Saturdays from 6 to 7, P. M- Libra- 
rian, Amos Rhodes. Clerk, Josej)h N. Saunderson. 

Lynn Circulating Library. — Commenced 183S. 
Number of volumes 600. Kept by Proctor & Rhodes, 
South Common Street. 

It may be added that small libraries are attached to 
many of the Sabbath Schools, and also to some of 
the District schools. 



148 



LYNN. 



SCHOOLS. 

Lynn Academy. — This is an incorporated institution, 
first opened in 1805, and now in a flourishing condi- 
tion. Principal^ Jacob Bachelder. 

District Schools, «^c. — There are eight District and 
five Primary schools, together with about seventeen 
private ones. Whole number of scholars 2,140. An- 
nual school tax, about #4,000. 

About $2,000 are annually paid for instruction at 
Academies, &c. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

There are'eight engines, viz : No. 1, Relief, located 
on North Common Street ; 2, Despatch, located on 
Federal Street ; 3, Reliance, located on Front Street ; 
4, Perseverence, located at Gravesend ; 5, Eclipse, 
located at Woodend ; 6, Alert, located, on Tower 
Hill ; 7, Assistant, located at Swampscot ; 8, Volun- 
teer, located near First Congregational Church. 

Three Firewards are attached to each engine, and 
Hose Apparatus are furnished for two or three. 

MILITARY. 

Lynn Artillery. — Organized 1808. Enrolled mem- 
bers, 60. Captain, E. S. Fowler; First Lieutenant, 
George H. Breed; Second Lieutenant, William T. 
Gale. 

Lynn Light Infantry. — Organized 1812. Enrolled 
members, 40. Captain, Timothy 'M.iinroe,j^r.; Lieu- 
tenant, William Newhall, jr.; Ensign, Henry Ropes. 

Lynn Rifie Corps. — Number of members, 45. Cap- 
tain, Blaney Ingalls; Lieutenant, George W. Stone; 
Ensign, Nathan Moulton. 

Besides the above, which are handsome uniform 
companies, there are two large companies of the line, 
one comprising the western, and the other the eastern 
section of the town. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

Nahant Hotel, R. W. Holman. 
Biceps Tavern, (Nahant) Jesse Rice. 
Nahant House, Samuel Rice. 



LYNN. 149 

Lynn Hotel, (west end of Common) A. C. Field. 
Village House, (Woodend) William Scarborough. 
Lynn Mineral Spring Hotel, Thomas Rhodes. 
Obcr^s Tavern, (Dye Factory Village). 
Sivampscot House, William VViggin jr. 
Weeks^s Tavern, (Swampscot) Ebenezer Weeks. 

POST OFFICE. 

The Post Office is open every day except Sunday, 
from 7 o'clock, A. M , till noon; from 2 till 5, P. M.; 
and from 6 to 8, P. M. On Sunday, from 2 till 3, P. 
M., and from 6 till half past 7, P. M. 

The Southern mail closes at 6, P.M. 

The Eastern mail closes every day except Monday 
at 1, P. JM. On Monday, at 4, P. M. 

The Southern newspaper mail arrives every day 
except Sunday, at 9, A. M. 

The Southern letter mail arrives every day except 
Monday, at 2, P. M. On Monday, at 6, P. M. 

The Eastern mail arrives every day, at 7, P. M. 

J. C. Stickney, Postmaster. 

NEWSPAPER. 

Lynn Record. — Published every Thursday morn- 
ing, at $2 per annum; commenced January 23, 1830; 
in politics, antimasonic. Office, south end of Market 
street: Jonathan ButTum, proprietor. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper, Theophilus Clark: number of subjects, 60. 

STAGES. 

Twentythree stages leave the hotel for Boston, 
daily (except Sunday); and about the same number 
leave for Salem. On Sundays, a stage leaves for 
Salem, at 10, A. M., and one for Boston, at 5, P. M. 
A stage for Marblehead leaves daily, except Sunday. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES. 

United Trade Society of Journeymen Cordwainers 

of Lynn. — This society was organized August, 1835. 

; its object is the mutual benefit of journeymen shoe 



150 LYNN. 

makers. President, Jesse L. Lewis; Corresponding 
Secretary, Jolin C. Haskell; Recording Secretary ^ 
Peter Mash, 

LynnTemperance Society.— Orgcin\zed 1826. Num- 
ber of members, 550. This society is composefl in a 
great measure of elderly persons. President, Thos. 
Bowler. Secretary, Jonathan Tattle. 

Lynn Young Mens'' Temperance Society. — Organ- 
ized 1833. Number of members, 350. President, 
Edward S. Davis. Corresponding Secretary, J. R. 
Newhall. Recording Secretary, Charles B. Holmes. 

Lynn Union Temperance Society. — Instituted 1835. 
Number of members, 160. The pledge of this soci- 
ety forbids the use of all intoxicating drinks; and 
though it specifies no particular articles, the under- 
standing is that wine, cider, beer, &c., are among the 
proscribed. President, Josiah Newhall. Secretary, 
George Keene. 

Lynn Fire Club. — A society for mutual assistance 
in cases of fire. Instituted 1826. Annual meeting in 
January. Number of members, 40. President, Sie^ 
phen Oliver. Clerk, Daniel N. Breed. 

Lynn Colored Peoples'' Friend Society. — The ob- 
ject of this society is the furtherance of the immediate 
abolition plans. Number of members, 185. Presi- 
dent, Jonathan Buflfum. Corresponding Secretary, 
Edward S. Davis. Recording Secretary, Amos Wal- 
ton. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The principal manufacture of this town is that of 
ladies' shoes, of which there were made last year, 
(including say 110,000 pairs of men's boots, shoes, 
slippers, &c.) 2,205,384 pairs. To show the pre- 
dominance of this branch of business over all others, 
it may be said to comprise about three fourths of the 
whole. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

India Rubber Cloth Manufactory. — On Strawberry 
Brook is the manufactory of the Boston and Lynn 
India Rubber Cloth Manufacturing Company. It 



LYNN. 151 

was commenced about two years since, with a capital 
of $100,000, liberty beinf? granted by the charter to 
increase to $200,000. The number of workmen at 
present employed is about seventy. 

Dyeing Estahlishmcnt. — In the northern section of 
the town is a large dyeing estaljlishment, connected 
with which is a manufactory of India rubber cloth. 

Silk Printing. — There is an extensive silk printing 
establishment near Water Hill, owned by John Hal- 
liday. Shawls and handkerchiefs are the principal 
articles turned out here, and their execution doe8 
honor to the country; they are mostly disposed of at 
the South, though some grace the counters of New 
York and Boston merchants. 

Shipping. — The following is a list of the shipping 
belonging to Lynn, in addition to that mentioned un- 
der the head "Fisheries." Five whale ships, 1600 
tons; two brigs, employed in the foreign trade, 875 
tons; two schooners, employed in the foreign trade, 
200 tons; eight schooners, employed in the coasting 
trade, 850 tons; one sloop, a New York trader, 80 
tons. 

Fisheries. — There are four schooners (300 tons) 
employed in the bank fishery; and six schooners (300 
tons) employed in the bay fishery; besides about sev- 
enty small boats. 

Distances from Lynn Hotel. — The following Table 
of Distances is taken from the Lynn Directory: — 

M. F. R. 

To Boston Post Office, over the turnpike, 9 2 13 

" the same, on the old Boston road, 10 6 32 
" Lafayette Coffee House, Salem, on the 

turnpike, 5 5 6 

" the same, on the old Boston road, 6 7 11 

" the same, on the Forest River road, 6 4 10 

" Marblehead common, 6 6 21 

" the same, on Swampscot road, 8 3 17 

" Lynnfield Hotel, on Northeastern road, 4 7 13 

" the same, on Northwestern road, 5 3 12 

" Saugus bridge, on turnpike, 1 11 

" Childs' Mills, on Saugus river, 1 2 32 



152 LYNN. 



To Saugus First Meetinghouse, through 
Boston street, 

" the same, through Walnut street, 

'' Dye-house, 

" Floating bridge, 

" Mineral Spring Hotel, over turnpike, 

" the same, through Boston street, 

*' Village House, Essex street, Woodend, 

*' the same, through Market street, 

" the same, through Broad street, 

" Blaney's beach, Swampscoi, 

" Fishing point, 

" Phillips's point, 

" East end of Common, 

*' South end of Market street, 

'' Washington square, 

" Nahant gate, 

" Little Nahant, 
Length of Long beach. 
Length of Little beach, 
To Rice's Tavern, on Nahant, 

" Nahant Hotel, 
Stores. — There are in this town, 
stores, 23 grocery, 4 apothecary, 6 leather, and two 
or three of almost every other kind. 

Land. — Lynn contains 9,369 acres; of which 607 
are in tillage, 1,027 in English and upland mowing, 
279 salt marsh, 2,508 in pasturage, and 994 in wood- 
land. A great many acres are covered by water, and 
there is some which goes under the denomination of 
vacant land. 

Dwellings. — There are 670 dwellings in Lynn, of 
the average value of $500. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable prop- 
erty in this town, as appears on the town books, is 
$1,399,899. 

Journeymen Shoemakers. — The number of jour- 
neymen shoemakers in this town, is 2,350; and it may 
be added that about seven eighths of the females are 
employed, more or less of the lime, in binding and 
trimming shoes. 



2 


6 


12 


3 





6 


1 


7 





1 


7 


7 


:e, 2 4 


21 


3 


2 


^7 


lend, 1 


3 


36 


1 


6 


13 


2 


36 


2 


7 


6 


3 


2 


17 


4 


1 


35 





5 


20 


1 








1 


3 





1 


5 


10 


3 


2 


18 


1 


4 34 





4 


10 


5 





17 


5 


3 


28 


10 dry goods 



LYNN. 



153 



Streets.— In 1832, there were sixty streets in Lynn; 
since that time, about fifteen new ones have been 
opened. They are generally straight and commodi- 
ous. None are yet paved or macadamized. 

Valuation. — Lynn stands in the State valuation at 
^^758,177 86. 

Buildings.— The buildings of this town are almo?-t 
universally of wood, and less than three stories in 
height; there are about seventeen of brick; and only 
about six, of any material, above two stories high. 
The Nahant Hotel is of stone, as also some of the 
cottages on that peninsula. 

Post Office. — The gross amount of postage accruing 
at the Lynn Post Office, for the year ending October 
1, 1835, was $2,459 28. This office was esta1)lished in 
the year 1793, through the agency of Ebenezer Breed, 
then a wealthy merchant — now a pauper, in the alms 
house. Previous to the establishment of the office 
here, the people were obliged to go to Boston for let- 
ters, &c. from the south. Col. James Robinson was 
the first postmaster. A penny-post began to run about 
town in 1812. 

Ly7in Common. — Lynn Common contains 20 acres. 
A handsome circular pond has recently been dug near 
the centre, and other improvements have been made. 

Fires.— On the 17th of February, 1833, the shoo 
manufactury of David Taylor, opposite Lynn Hotel, 
was burned. This was the first fire that had taken 
place for thirteen years. Since that time, there has 
been but one considerable fire — that of H. Chase 8t 
Co.'s chocolate and grist mills, Nov. 5, 1835. 

Widows. — There are about 180 widows in Lynn. 

Church Bells. — There are four church bells in this 
town; one upon the 1st Congregational church, one 
upon the 1st Methodist, one upon the 2d Methodist, 
and one upon the Universalist; the last is said to be 
the largest in the county. There is also a small bell 
upon the academy. 

Dates of Buildings.— The oldest house in town ia 
the small two story wooden one recently removed 
from near the centre of the Common to North Shep- 
10 



154 LYNN. 

art! street; it was built in 1682. The Carnes house, 
so called, on Boaton street, opposite Centre street, 
was built in the year 1690. The large wooden house 
on Boston, east corner of Hart street, was built in 
1700. The house of worship of the 1st Congrega- 
tional society, called the " Old Tunnel," recently 
standing near the centre of the Connnon, was built in 
1082. The frame of the present place of worship of 
this society, on South Connnon, corner of Commer- 
cial street, is composed of the timber of the ancient 
house, and the old pulpit is used in the vestry. The 
1st Methodist church, (on the Common) was built 
1791. Lynn Hotel was built 1803. Mineral Spring 
Hotel was built 1810. Nahant Hotel was built 1820. 

Canker Worms. — For the last thirteen years, can- 
ker worms have done much damage to the fruit trees 
in this town. In many cases they have absolutely 
stripped the trees of every sign of foliage. They 
make their appearance as early in the spring as the 
apple trees are leafed, and disappear about the 20th 
of June. It is truly wonderful how universally they 
cease their depredations on a particular day. For 
the last year or two, however, they have been less 
troublesome than heretofore, and hopes are enter- 
tained that their sojourn in this vicinity is terminating. 

i?ecorc?.s. —Most of the earlier records of this town, 
by all accounts, were destroyed near the close of the 
seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century; 
but by what means, is not satisfactorily ascertained. 
The regular records of the town now extant, com- 
mence in the year 1691; though in accordance with a 
vote passed at a town meeting, March 7, 1715, some 
portions of ihe earlier records were transcribed; these, 
however, extend back no farther than the year 1661. 
They are in a pretty good state of preservation, and 
are, of course, in possession of the town clerk. 

Trees in the Old Burijing -ground. — The great 
numbers of trees in the burying-place opposite the 
Hotel, add much to the beauty of this ancient ceme- 
tary; they are a fine species of the black cherry, and 



LYNNFIELD. 155 

it was a matter of wonder what occasioned the growth 
of these trees ; no one was known to have planted 
them, yet it was observed that with scarcel}' an ex- 
ception they grew close beside some grave stone. It 
was finally noticed that a single tree of the same 
species, in the vicinity, had commenced bearing fruit 
a few seasons before, and that many birds resorted to 
this tree, from which they plucked fruit, and then fly- 
ing to the grave-yard perched themselves upon some 
tomb stone, where they devoured the delicious morsel, 
dropping the stone beside the monument. Since the 
trees in the yard have begun to bear, great numbers 
of young trees shoot up every season. 

By-Laws. — The code of By-Laws, for this town 
was ado|)te(l in 1828. 

Ancient Coins. — We have in our possession an 
English silver coin, ploughed up in Market Street, in 
1332 ; it bears the name of Elizabeth and the date, 
1573. 

We have also an American silver coin, dug up in a 
garden in Federal Street, the same year. It has on 
one side a pine tree encircled by the word " Masa- 
THVSETs. IN." and on the other side " New Eng- 
land. An. Dom. 1652. XII." The latter numerals 
denote the number of pence at which it was valued. 
This was from the mint at Boston. 

First Fire Engine in America. — The first fire en- 
gine made in America is said to have been manufac- 
tured by Joseph Jenks, of Lynn, for the Selectmen 
of Boston, in the year 1654. 

History and Map. — An excellent history of this 
town, and a minute and accurate map, have been 
published within a ^ew years, by Alonzo Lewis. 



LYNNFIELD. 

This township was formerly called Lynn-End, 
having been granted to Lynn, by the General 



156 LYxNNFIELD, 

Court, soon after the settlement of that town. It 
became the second parish of Lynn and a meeting- 
house was built, in 1715 ; and in 1782 it was in- 
corporated into a district ; thus it remained till 
1814, when it became a separate town. It is 12 
miles northeast of Boston, and is bounded south- 
east by Lynn and Saugus, east by Danvers, north 
by Reading, and west by S.')uth Reading. 

This township presents a broken and i jven 
surface, and many of its hill are clothed with a 
dense forest growth. It affords a delightful retreat 
for those who would retire from the bustle of the 
populous town, to partake of the pleasures of rural 
life ; and in no place hereabouts is a under range 
of wild and romantic scenery presented for the 
contemplation of the lover of nature. 

Along the northern border of the town flows the 
main branch of Ipswich river, and the western 
boundary is chiefly traversed by the Saugus. 
Within its precincts are one or two fine ponds, and 
the Boston and Newburyport turnpike passes 
through the southern section. 

The inhabitants are chiefly farmers, though 
shoemakincr is carried on to considerable extent. 



POPULATION. 

The population was, in 1800,468; in 1810, 509 j 
in 1820, 596 ; in 18.S0, 617. 
Ratable Polls, 158. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Andrew Mansfield, Jr. 
Town Treasurer — Andrew x^Iansfield. 
Selectmen — xindrew Mrinsfield, Jr. John Perkins, 
Jr. Moses Richardson. 



LYNNPIELD. 157 

JUSTICES, AND COROKER. 

■Juslice of the Peace and Quorum — Asa T. New- 

Justices of the Peace — Daniel Needham, Bowman 
Viles. Josiali Newhall. 
Coroner--^John Upton. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — This church was form- 
ed, a. the second of Lynn, Aug. 17, 1720. The pre- 
sent pastor is Josiah Hill. 

The first [)astor was Nathaniel Sparhawk. He 
was born at Cambridge, 1694 ; graduated at Har- 
vard, 1715, and settled here at the forniatioii of the 
church ; resigned July, 1731, and died May 7, 1732. 
The second pastor was Stephen Chase. He was 
born at Newbury, 170S ; graduated at Harvard 1728 ; 
settled here Nov. 24, 1731 ; resigned 1755 ; died Jan. 
1778. The third pastor was Benjamin Adams. He 
was born at Newbury, May 8, 1719 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1738 5 settled here Nov. 5, 1755 ; died May 
4, 1777. The fourth pastor was Joseph Mottey. 
He was born at Saletn, May 14, 1756 ; graduated at 
Dartmouth 1778 ; -ttled here Sept. 24, 1782 ; died 
July 9, 1321. Tho fifth pastor was Joseph »Searl. 
Me was born at Rowley, Dec. 2, 1789 ; graduated ai 
Dartmouth, 1815 ; settled here Jan. 21, 1824 ; re- 
signed Sept. 27, 1827. The .sixth, and present pas- 
tor, Josiah Hill, was born at Bedford, July 11, 1792; 
settled here Oct. 23, 1833. 

Methodist. — There is a society of Methodists here 
hut they are at present without a settled jjastor. 

SCHOOLS. 

Lynnfield is divided into three school districts ; 
there are 170 scholars, and the annual school tax is 
about $400. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Public Houses. — Lynnfield Hotel, kept by Theron 
Pal, nor; o;ie near the meeciag-hause, kept by E- 
Parsons^ 



158 



MANCHESTER. 



Military. — One company of infantry of the line. 

Library, — Social Library, comprising about 200 
volumes. 

Debating Society. — A Debating Society has been 
recently established, with a small library attached. 

Stores. — Two grocery and one variety. 

Town Expenses. — The annual town expenses 
amount to about iff'SOO. 

Stages. — Two stages, running between Boston and 
Newburyport, pass through daily ; and one other 
running between Salem and Lowell. 

Varieties of Soil. — Tillage, 311 acres; English 
and upland mowing, 415 acres ; fresh meadow, 725 
acres ; pasturage 1,205 acres ; woodland, 554 acres. 

Valuation. — This town stands in the State valua- 
tion at $116,751 19. 



MANCHESTER. 



Manchester is bounded east by Gloucester, 
north by Essex, west by Beverly, and south by 
Massachusetts Bay. 

This town, prior to 1640, was known as Jeffrey's 
Creek, and formed a part of Salem. In 1640 sev- 
eral of the inhabitants petitioned for Jeffrey's 
Creek, and land, to erect a village, which was 
granted, and it was incorporated, and called Man- 
chester, in 1645. It is almost 4 miles, from east 
to west and 3 from north to south — embracing 
the variety of soil common to a primitive region, 
and in a good state of culture. The chief reliance 
of the population, has been on foreign trade, coast- 
wise commerce, and the fishing business ; but 
these branches of industry have sensibly declined, 
within the last ten years. As early as 1645, Man- 



MANCHESTER. 159 

Chester is mentioned, as being engaged in the 
fisheries, which business was continued, till about 
the year 1816, with considerable enterprise, and 
profit. 

Manchester has furnished a great proportion of 
the enterprising ship masters, of Boston, and 
vicinity — and has trained the majority of her 
youth, to the seas. The number of vessels em- 
ployed at present, comprise about 1000 tons; 
necessarily of small size, as the depth of water 
at tbe wharves, will not allow vessels exceeding 
120 tons to come up to the town, though there is 
a well protected, and capacious harbor affording 
anchorage for vessels of any size. The town is 
very pleasantly situated, having a southern decliv- 
ity to the water : the houses are neat, and every- 
thing about conspires to give the stranger a very 
favorable impression, in regard to the thrift, and 
well beinsr of the inhabitants. 



POPULATION. 

The po])ulation iu 1800, was 1,082 : in 1810, 1,137 ; 
in 1820, 1,201 ; in 1830, 1,260. 
Ratable polls, 330. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — D. L. Bingham. 
Town Treasurer — Obed Carter. 
Selectmen — John W. Allen, Daniel Leach, Ariel 
P. C rowel 1. 

PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians. — Ezekiel W. Leach, Asa Story. 
Justices of the Peace. — D. L. Bingham, David 
Colbv. 



160 MANCHESTER. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — This society was gath- 
ered under the ministry of Rev. Ames Cheever, in 
1716 ; and previous to this year no church records of 
Manchester are known to exist, though several min- 
isters, were settled here, viz : Ralph Smith, 1635 ; 
John Winborn, 1680; John Eveleth, 1689; John 
Emerson, 1695 ; Nicholas Webster, 1699. The i)re- 
sent pastor of this church is Samuel Moody Emerson, 
a native of Conway, born Nov. 13, 1785 ; graduated 
at Williams College, 1810 ; and settled here, Sept. 
12,1821. Number of communicants, 230. There is 
a Sabbath School, attached, organized in 181(), hav- 
ing about 250 scholars. The present i)lace of wor- 
ship, is a neat and commodious edifice erected in 
1809, costing $8,000. 

Universalist. — There is a small society of Univer- 
salists here which was organized in 1820. They 
have at present no stated preaching. 

LIBRARIES. 

There is a Lyceum Library, instituted in 18f29, 
comprising about 500 volumes. 

Also a Library attached to the Congregational Sab- 
bath School, comprising about 350 volumes. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are three public, and five private schools, 
besides a high school, instituted in 1835, now under 
the direction of William Long, having 40 scholars in 
the higher English branches, and the ancient lan- 
guages. One of the above public schools, is kept 
(luring the year ; and the others are maintained dur- 
ing the summer or winter season. The whole num- 
ber of scholars is about 400 ; and the amount annu- 
ally paid for the support of schools, about $1,200. 

STAGES. 

The Essex and Salem stage leaves at 8. A. M., arid 
arrives from Salem at 6, P. M. The stage for Boston 
fronf Gloucester leaves at 9, A. M.. and arrives from 
Boston At 3, P. M., continuing on to Gloucester- 



MANCHESTER. 



16! 



LOCAL SOCIETIES, ETC. 

Lyceum. — Organized, 1831. Number of members 
too. President, Asa Story. 

Temperance Society. — Organized, 1828. President; 
Larkin Woodbury. 

Gentlcmen^s Benevolent Society. — Organized in 
1316. Number of members, 75. President, S. M. 
Emerson. 

Ladies' Benevolent Society. — Organized, 1810. 
Number of members, 80. President, Mrs C. B. 
Einerson. 

Tract Society. — Organized 1829. Number of 
members 100. President, Mrs A- H. Trask. 

Female Dorcas Society. — Organized 1830. Num- 
ber of members 65. President, Mrs L. S. Woodbury. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Manufactures. — Within a iew years the attention 
of the population of Manchester, has been directed 
to the manufacture of cabinet furniture, which is 
rapidly increasing. 

There is at ])resent the mahogany veneering mill 
of J. P. Allen, working five circular and two perpen- 
dicular saws, with turning lathes, &c. ; and ten other 
manufactories, having about 150 men constantly em- 
ployed. These manufactories, are favorably located, 
for the exportation of their articles, to various mar- 
kets. The amount of sales of furniture last year 
was S50,000. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable pro- 
perty in Manchester is !^360,674 82. 

Town Expenses. — The amount raised for town ex- 
penses, last year, was $3,000. 

Public House. — There is one Public House in 
Manchester, kept by N. Chapman. 

Fire Department. — The Manchester Fire Depart- 
ment was organized in 1829. They now have one 
engine, well supplied with hooks and ladders, and 30 
men attached. 

Stores. — Two dry goods and five grocery. 

Trades, <^c. — 9 carpenters, 8 shoemakers shops, in 



162 MARBLEHEAD. 

which about 20 men are employed ; 1 architect} 
1 tanner, 1 brick maker, 1 brick mason, 1 stone 
mason, 2 house and sign painters, 1 caulker, 2 black- 
smiths, 1 goldsmith, 3 ship carpenters. 

State Valuation. — The valuation of Manchester 
was in 1811, $171,647 33; in 1821, $194,107 50; in 
1831, $260,604 25. 

Fisheries. — There are about 150 men engaged in 
the fisheries, 7 fish yards and flakes, and ten houses 
for storage. 

Mills. — There are three saw, and two grist mills. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 171. 

Distances. — The distance from Manchester to Bos- 
ton, is 23 miles, to Salem 9, to Gloucester 7. 

Wood Land. — There are about 1300 acres of 
wood land, in Mauchester. It is said that snakes 
abound in these woods more than in any other place 
in this vicinity. 

Vessels. — 18 schooners and two sloops, besides the 
small craft. 

Post Office — The post office yields to government 
about $100 annually. 

Magnolias. — Manchester woods, are celebrated for 
producing the magnolia ; it is a low tree, with deep 
green leaves, and is rarely found at any other place 
in this region ; the flowers are white, and possess a 
most delicious fragrance ; the scent is so powerful 
that a small grove of them will perfume the air for 
miles. 



MARBLEHEAD. 

MarbleheadIs apeninsula, situated at the south- 
eastern corner of the county, 16 miles northeast of 
Boston ; it is about 4 miles in length from northeast 
to southwest, and 1 1-2 to 2 miles in breadth, con- 
taining 3700 acres. With the exception of about 



MARBLEHEAD. 163 

twenty farmers and their families, its population is 
comprised within the limits of one mile by one quar- 
ter. A large proportion of its surface is extremely 
irregular and rocky, and considerably elevated 
above the level of the adjacent country. In an ora- 
tion pronounced in Latin by Professor Sewall at the 
funeral of President Holyoke, the town is called 
*' Marmaracria, oppiclum maritimum, saiis aburi' 
dans ; inch Novanglice dictum Marhlehcad, asperri- 
??ici vox, aurcs Lcitinas Jtorride perstringens"* 
Elsewhere it has been denominated ** Marmoreum 
JP}'o?nonto?'ium," — a promontory as hard as marble. 
As the celebrated Whitfield was entering the set- 
tlement late in autumn, when no verdure was to be 
seen, he exclaimed, " Pray, where do they bury their 
dead?" Its elevation, together with its being nearly 
surrounded with salt water, gives it a pure and 
healthful atmosphere, similar to that of Nahant. 
The thermometer seldom rises so high or descends 
so low here as elsewhere. Notwithstanding the 
rough and repulsive aspect of the territory, its soil 
is productive , and it is a fact surprising to stran- 
gers, that more hay is cut than is consumed in the 
town. A single farm has yielded more than a 
hundred tons a year. Premiums have also been 
awarded by the Agricultural Society for the largest 
crops of corn and barley, as well as hay, from an 
acre here. 

The harbor, in front of the town, a mile and a 
half long from northeast to southwest, and half a 
mile wide, formed by a narrow isthmus at the south- 
west, that separates it from Lynn Bay and connects 
the town with Great Neck, is deep and excellent, 

* Marmaracria, a maratime town, ahounHing with rocks, 
hence called, in the language of JXew England, Marblehead; 
a very hard name, terribly grating to Latin ears. 



S64 MARBLEHEAD. 

capable of being entered at all times by ships of 
the largest size, and would be one of the finest in 
the country were it not for its exposure to stormS) 
which often renders its anchorage unsafe. It is 
defended by Fort Sewall, situated upon a point 
near its entrance, and formed by two angular bat- 
teries of earth and stone, with a stone and brick 
wall in their rear. The barracks, which are bomb 
proof, are sufficient for a garrison of sixty or sev- 
enty men. The origin of this fortress was an act 
of the colonial government, in 1742, granting the 
town c£690, with authority " To erect within the 
town or harbor a good and sufficient breastwork, 
and a platform for the accommodation of twelve- 
pounders, or other guns equivalent, and suitable 
warlike stores." It was ceded to the United States, 
by vote of the town, in 1794. 

The Great Neck is over a mile in length, and 
half a mile wide on an average, containing two or 
three farms, leases, &/C. ; in the whole about 300 
acres. On its northeastern point, the United States 
government have just completed a Light House, 
with a dwelling house for the keeper. The nar- 
row beach, protected by a wall, which constitutes 
the head of the harbor, has repeatedly been en- 
croached upon and endangered by the ocean. To 
assist in repairing it, and building a wall about a 
quarter of a mile lonjr, the General Court granted 
.£500 in the year 1729 ; and in 1790, with the aid 
of .£1000, obtained by a lottery, a wall of granite 
in addition to the old wall was erected. 

Off the Neck, seaward, are two small islands. 
Tinker's and Ram islands, which have been 
claimed both by Marblehead and Salem. The 
former, one quarter mile distant, is supposed to 
have been connected with the Neck, and it is said 



MARBLEHEAD. 165 

that the father of one of the present distinguished 
inhabitants once rode to it upon his horse. It has 
still a bar partially dry at low water. It is said 
formerly to have contained 14 acres. It now con- 
sists of two parts, connected by a beach 730 feet 
long, the sea breaking over it at high tides. The 
southern part contains 100 rods, on which a marine 
house was erected, and some trees planted, by the 
Marblehead Marine Society, by the authority of 
General Court, in J 807. The northern part con- 
tains 1 acre, 43 rods. During a snowstorm, April 
2, 1786, a Boston vessel from Spain, loaded with 
iron, was wrecked on this island, and the whole 
crew perished ; their bodies were recovered and 
buried from the town h.ouse. On petition of the 
two towns that claimed it, the island was ceded to 
the United States by the legislature in 1822, Ram 
island lies 1 1-2 mile southwest from Tinker's, and 
was used before and after the revolutionary war, at 
certain seasons, as a pasture for sheep. 

For more than twenty years, Marblehead was 
a component part of Salem. The earliest settle- 
ment is supposed to have been made in the neigh- 
borhood of Salem harbor, near what is still called 
the Ferry, and where for many years was the only 
communication between the two places by means 
of the ferry boat. There were probably settlers on 
this side nearly as soon as on the other. 

From the records of General Court it appears, 
that as early as 1635, '' In consequence of some 
objections made to Mr Allerton," an enter- 
prising " inhabitant of Marblehead," he was 
" requested to move thence." Afterwards, also, 
during the same year, it was voted by the Court, 
" That there should be a plantation at Marblehead." 
The place therefore must have been known by 
this name long before it was incorporated. 



166 



MARBLEHEAD. 



An interesting circumstance concerning it at 
this period, is related in the following extract from 
Mather's Magnalia. " In 1635, Mr Avery, a wor- 
thy minister, coming into Newengland, was invited 
unto Marblehead ; but there being no church there, 
and the fishermen there being generally too remiss 
to form one, he went rather to Newberry, intend- 
ing there to settle. Nevertheless, both the magis- 
trates and ministers of the country urging the 
common good that would arise from his being at 
Marblehead, he embarked in a pinnace with two 
families, his own and his cousin Mr Anthony 
Thacher's, which with some others then on board 
made in all tvventythree souls, designing in a few 
hours to have reached the port. But on August 
14th, in the night, there came on as mighty a storm 
as perhaps was ever known in these parts of the 
world ; a storm which drove the vessel upon a rock, 
and so tore it that the poor people sat presently up 
to the middle in water, expecting every moment 
the waves of death to be rolling over them. The 
vessel was quickly broken all to pieces, and almost 
the whole company drowned, by being successively 
washed off the rock ; only Mr Thacher, having 
been a considerable while^tossed hither and thither 
by the violent seas, was at last very strangely cast 
alive upon the shore, where, much wounded, he 
found his wife a sharer with him in the like deliv- 
erance." This storm is noticed on page 79 of this 
work, where the date was accidentally put 19th of 
August. 

In 1638, the town of Salem granted " 8 acres of 
land on the maine to Mr Walton," who was preach- 
ing at Marblehead, and who continued in the min- 
istry here till his decease in 1668. 

From the earliest records of the " Plantation," 
we learn, that in 1648, it contained 44 families, 



MARBLEHEAD. 167 

the heads of which were named " James Smith and 
Rowland, Saml. Doliber, Edmund Nicholson and 
Francis, John Gatchell, William Barber, David 
Thomas, John Lega, Peter Pitford, Erasmus James, 
Thomas Bowinge, John Stacie, George Chine, John 
Northy, Nicolas Merrett, Thomas Pitman, Timo. 
Allen, Thos. Sams, Arthur Sanden, Isaac Allerton, 
Moses ^laverick, Mr Walton, John Lyon, Henry 
Stacie, Wm. Chichester, Saml. Corwithen, Thos. 
Gray, Richd. Norman, John Peachy, Richd. Cur- 
tice, John Hart, Wm. Charles, John Deveroe, 
Abrm, Whitcare, John Peach sen,, John Bartoll, 
Joseph Doliber, Robert Knight, John Bennett, 
Francis Johnson Walsingham, John Norman, Wm. 
Luckis, Christopher Lalimore, John Goyt." 

The town was incorporated May 2, 1649. 

In 1674, the number of inhabitants called house- 
holders was 114, whose names, not found in the 
preceding list, were these : " John Waidern, Wm. 
Woods, Thos. Rose, Wm. Nick, John Codnar, 
Elias Henley, Roger & Lot Conant, Mr Saml. Chee- 
ver. Thos. Smith, James Dennis, Mr Samuel Ward, 
Mr Ambrose Gale, Mr Richard Knott, Samuel Cun- 
die, Matthew Clark, Thos. Cawly, Wm. Waters, 
John Roads, Henry Trevett, Wm. Beal, Stephen 
Griggs, Thos. ©ixie, Ben. Parmiter, Edwd. Read, 
Samuel Morgan, Win. Brown, Capt. Corwinge, Mr 
Thaddeus Reddan, Mr Wm. Bartholemew, Mr 
Wm. Pitt, Richd. Reed, John Brimblecom, Richd. 
Hanniford, Henry Ilanniford, Henry Russell, 
Thos. Treny, Dinson Stilson, Richd. Reith, Saml. 
Reed, Thos. Tainor, Edwd. Homan, Thos. Ellis, 
Edw. Damon, John Houper, John Pedrick, Elias 
Fortune, John Martin, Francis Godiar, John Trib- 
by, Andrew Tucker, Rob. Bartlett Richd. Crock- 
er, Geo. Bonfield, Mr Wm. Pow, John Harris, 



168 MARBLEHEAD. 

George Godfrey, John Hoyle, Alexander Gilligan, 
John Williams, Win. Poat, Geo. Darlinor, James 
Walts, Wm. Lightfoot, Philip Harding, Wid. Boat- 
son, Robt. Johnson, Saml. Watton, John Marriott." 
From the manuscript diary of Rev. Mr Barnard, 
the following valuable and authentic account of 
the condition of the town in olden time is obtained. 
** In the year 1714, there were two companies of 
men, badly clothed, who attempted to do military 
duty, but were trained to no military discipline but 
that of whipping the snake, as it was called. Now, 
[i. e. in 1766] and for years past we have seen it, 
a distinct regiment is completed, of seven compa- 
nies, well clad, bright countenances, vigorous and 
active men, so well trained in the use of their arms 
and the various motions and marches, as to exceed 
most other regiments in the country, and equal the 
best in the appearance of spirited men and the 
manual exercise. At the beginning of the cen- 
tury, or before 1720, there was not a carpenter, a 
tailor, nor mason, nor butcher in the town; nor 
any market worth naming. They had their houses 
built by country workmen, and their clothes made 
out of town, and supplied themselves with beef and 
pork from Boston, which drained the town of its 
money. Some years after, the town abounded with 
artificers, good workmen of every description, and 
the market had a full supply. At the time before 
mentioned, there was not one foreign vessel, al- 
though the town always possessed every advantage 
for a free and extensive navigation. The people 
contented themselves to be slaves to work in the 
mines, leaving it to the merchants of Salem, Bos- 
ton and Europe to carry off the gains; by which 
means the town was poor and in debt ; so much 
were they involved in debt to merchants of other 



MAUBLEHEAO. 169 

places, that very few families, not more than twenty, 
were independent as to their circumstances. They 
were generally a rude, swearing, drunken and 
fighting crew ; but, as they increased in numbers, 
they made improvement in social life, in virtue and 
good morals. By the middle of the century, the 
manners of the people were so much cultivated as 
to be remarkable for their civilities, and especially 
for their hospitality to strangers. There were not 
only gentleman-like families, and pious and well- 
behaved people in the town, but the very fishermen 
rose superior to the rudeness of the former gener- 
ations. When they were persuaded by individu- 
als of public spirit to send their fish to foreign 
markets, they soon became conversant with the 
mysteries of trade; they soon likewise became 
sensible of the advantage they should reap from it; 
and while individuals grew rich, the town also re- 
ceived the benefit of it. Mr Joseph Swett, u 
young man of strict justice, enterprising genius, 
quick apprehension and firm resolution, but small 
fortune, was the first man who engaged in it. He 
sent a cargo to Barbadoes, and from the profits of 
the voyage found that he increased his stock, and 
went on building vessels till he was enabled to 
send them to Europe, loading them with fish, and 
pointing out to others the path to riches. The 
more promising young men of the town followed 
his example, and from this small beginning Mar- 
blehead became one of the first trading towns of 
the Bay. In the year 1766, there are between 30 
and 40 ships, brigs, snows and topsail schooners 
engaged in foreign trade." 

At the commencement of the revolutionary war, 
this town had become the second in the colony, 
both in population and wealth. " As to its num- 
11 



170 MARBLEIIEAD. 

bers and opulence, it swarmed with inhabitants^ 
was a pattern of industry, flourished in trade, and 
abounded with wealth ; from hence, as from a 
fountain, streams of wealth flowed out, which great- 
ly enriched the vicinity, and penetrated far into 
the country."* 

But the war of the revolution, and likewise the 
war of 1812, preceded by the long embargo, pressed 
with greater severity on the people of this, than of 
almost any other place. 

In 1775, an entire regiment of 1000 men, from 
Marblehead, commanded by Col. Glover, joined 
the army at Cambridge, of whom a very large pro- 
portion, before the struggle was over, lost their 
lives in the service of their country. At that crit- 
ical period, when men's souls were tried, her hardy 
sons were confessedly distinguished for patriotism ^ 
skill and valor, both by sea and land. Many sig- 
nalized themselves upon the ocean by deeds of 
noble daring, and either died like heroes, fighting 
for freedom, or languished in loathsome prisons. 
The embargo, which commenced in 180()andcon- 
tinued six years, though it annihilated the business 
of the place, and occasioned, it is supposed, a loss 
of at least a million of dollars, was borne by the 
generality of the population with unflinching firm- 
ness and without a murmur. And if it be asked 
how much the last war cost the inhabitants of Mar- 
blehead, a sufiicient, though by no means full an- 
swer is contained in the appalling ftct, that, when 
peace was concluded, not far from 500 of her sons 
were found in a single British prison, where most 
of them had remained during nearly the whole of 
the war! 

* Mr Stone's sermon, at the ordination of Mr Hubbard. 



MARRLEHEAD. 171 

A few particulars, merely as a specimen, with 
respect to individuals, which might be indefinitely 
multiplied, may not be uninteresting here, and are 
worthy to be held in remembrance. 

I. John Glover, Esq., Brigadier General of the 
Continental Army, had command of a regiment 
from the commencement of the revolutionary strug- 
gle. With his brave officers and men, under the 
immortal Washington, he had the honor of forming 
the advance part of the army, which in such a 
bold and intrepid manner crossed the Delaware on 
the memorable 2oth of December, 1776, at a most 
inhospitable and critical juncture, and added so 
greatly to the fame of the American forces, by cap- 
turing at Trenton 1000 Hessians. This auspicious 
event inspired the continental troops with confi- 
dence of the final happy result, and was followed 
with successes in other quarters, till Providence 
sanctioned the justice of the American cause with 
the independence of the United States. General 
Glover had also the honor of conducting the army 
of Burgoyne, after its surrender, through New 
England ; and on various occasions during the war 
he received the warm approbation and applause of 
his renowned Commander in Chief. The follow- 
ing is from a letter of Washington to him, dated 
Morris, 26th April, 1777, soon after his appoint- 
ment to the command of a brigade : — " Diffidence 
in an officer is a good mark, because he will always 
endeavour to bring himself to what he conceives 
to be the full line of his duty; but I think I may 
tell you, without flattery, that I know of no man 
better qualified than you to conduct a brigade. 
You have activity and industry, and as you very 
well know the duty of a colonel, you know ho ,v to 
exact that duty from others." 



172 ftlARBLEHEAD. 

II. Early in 1776, while the Marl)lehead regi- 
ment lay at Beverly, many of its officers and soldiers 
had a temporary employment in some of the gov- 
ernment's vessels in the Bay, under the command 
of Commodore Manly. In 1779, 3Ir Robert 
'H'^ormstfd sailed from Marblehead in the letter of 
marque Freemason, bound to Martinico, which 
carried six guns and fifteen men, as first mate to 
Capt. Benjamin Boden. On their passage they 
were captured by a privateer sloop, mounting four- 
teen or sixteen guns, from New York. The cap- 
tain, second mate and a boy remained in the Free- 
mason, while Mr W. with the rest of the crew 
were carried on board the privateer, handcuffed, 
thrust into the hold, and at night the hatchway was 
closed. Here he found means to perform an ex- 
ploit, which was long the subject of conversation 
and applause. His handcuffs were so large that 
he was able with some exertion to get rid of them, 
and set the rest at liberty. He proposed rising 
upon the privateer the next day, when the captain 
should be taking the sun. The attempt was at 
first thought too desperate, considering the great 
inequality with respect to numbers. At length, 
however, he prevailed with his companions, and 
they solemnly bound themselves to do their utmost. 
At 12, the next day, their courage was tested, and 
in a few moments the captain and many others 
were prostrate upon the deck. Their pistols were 
seized and pointed to the enemy in the cabin, who 
speedily surrendered. Mr W. then bore down 
upon the schooner, and ordered her to strike her 
colors. Capt. Boden cried for joy, and his captors 
were as much chagrined as astonished at such an 
unlooked for reverse. Mr W. as commander, had 



MARBLEHEAD. 



173 



the English flag lowered and the American hoisted. 
Having ordered the British officers and sailors to 
be handctilTed and thrust into the hold, he ap- 
pointed Capt. B. prizemaster, and directed him to 
steer lor Giiadaloupe. There, in due time, they 
arrived in triumph, and were received with unusual 
testimonials of exultation. The prizemaster ot 
the privateer with the crew were sent to pris- 
on ; and notwithstanding the cruel treatment Mr 
W. and his people had experienced at their hands, 
he boucrht them a quintal of fish, and a jar of 
oil, and furnished them with money to procure 
what they wasited ; thus exemplifying the proverb 
that " brave men are always humane." He sold 
the brig and privateer at auction, one of which he 
purchased for his employers. His part of the 
prize money was 800 Johannes. Having loaded 
his vessel, he embarked for home, and on the 
second day was again captured, and lost his all, 
III. Capt. James Mugford, of this town, whose 
name appears on a column in Faneuil Hall, ren- 
dered essential service to the army, by heroically 
capturing, at a critical juncture, Jan. 1776, a 
British ship just arrived in the vicinity of Boston, 
richly laden with arms, ammunition, and other war- 
like stores. The prize ship contained 1500 barrels 
of powder, 1000 carbines, a number of travelling 
carriages for cannon, and a complete assortinent 
of artillery instruments and pioneer tools. It was, 
indeed, a providential occurrence; and while it 
afforded the means, at that time so greatly needed, 
of maintaining the contest, it enrolled the name of 
Mugford among the benefactors of his country. 
On the same day of the capture, as he was defend- 
ing his little vessel from the attack of some boats. 



174 



MARBLEIIEAD. 



sent from the English men of war that were riding 
in Nantasket roads, he was killed. 

IV. In November, 1782, the ship St Helena, 
commanded by John Stillwell, sailed with a fleet 
from Havana for Philadelphia. She mounted 20 
guns between decks — 10 of which, however, were 
of wood — and had under convoy fifteen American 
vessels, that had previously been subjected to an 
embargo. On the day they were permitted to 
leave port, the St Helena, in attempting to get 
under way, met with a disaster, opposite the Moro 
castle, which detained her till sunset. The fleet 
were beating backward and forward during the 
night, which was dark, waiting for the convoy. 
The St Helena passed and repassed a number of 
the vessels. In the mean time, several guns were 
heard, supposed to be from one of the fleet. At 
length, about midnight she was saluted with a 
broadside. It was something wholly unexpected ; 
the men were fatigued, no one seemed to know 
his station, and great confusion ensued. Some of 
the guns, however, were soon got into operation, 
and the firing continued till daylight, when the 
assailant was found to be His Britannic Majesty's 
brig Lively, commanded by M. Stanhope, Esq. 
The St Helena was also within reach of the guns 
of the Jupiter, a ship of the line. Of course, her 
colors were lowered, and the men taken on board 
the Lively. Six days afterwards, it was discovered 
that the crew of the St Helena were preparing to 
rise. All the men were consequently confined 
below, and were suffered to come up only through 
a narrow grating, one at a time, the hatchway 
being constantly barred, and guarded by a sentinel. 
After six days close confinement, five of the Amer- 



MARBLEHEAD. 175 

leans, viz. Anthony Garner, John Prince,* Seth 
Farrow, Leicis Russell* and Nathan Walker, con- 
certed a plan for taking the brig. Accordingly, 
about noon, Walker having disarmed the sentinel 
and removed the bar that fastened the hatchway, 
the other four rushed upon deck, and after a scene 
of confusion and desperate fighting, took the vessel. 
The number of Americans on board the Lively 
was 46. They bore away for Havana, where they 
safely arrived, and sold their prize for $22,000. 

V. John Cmcdl^ of this town, sailing master 
and acting lieutenant on board the U. S. frigate 
Essex, who finished his days at Valparaiso, shortly 
after the memorable engagement at that place in 
1814, distinguished himself for ability, attention 
and faithfulness in his department. In the official 
despatch to the Secretary of the Navy, detailing 
particulars of the engagement. Commodore Porter 
writes — " The conduct of that brave and heroic 
officer, actmg lieutenant John Glover Coweil, who 
lost his leg in the latter part of the action, excited 
the admiration of every man in the ship; and after 
he was wounded, he would not consent to be 
taken below, until loss of blood rendered him in- 
sensible." 

Nowhere was the peace of 1815 more heartily 
welcomed, nowhere did the cheering intelligence 
cause more thrilling joy than at Marblehead. 
Since that period, the town has been gradually 
but slowly recovering its former prosperity ; though 
it is apprehended it may not speedily reach that of 
1774, or at the commencement of the long embargo. 



* Of Marblehead; the former, John Prince, Esq., is still 
living, and has been for many years a member of the State 
Legislature. 



176 MARBLEHEAD, 

In 180G, more than one hundred vessels were 
employed here in the Newfoundland Codjishery ^ 
and 88,000 quintals were exported hence to the 
single port of Bilboa. Solid gold was imported in 
return, which circulated by tale as freely here as 
silver or copper coin. 

From the first settlement of this place, the fish- 
eries have been the principal employment and de-* 
pendence of its inhabitants. The supply of fish 
for the Spanish and Brazil market having been 
transferred to the British, the exportation of it to 
Spain for the last fifteen years has ceased. There 
is still, however, no town so largely interested in 
the Grand Bank fishery as this. Upwards of sixty 
vessels, of from 60 to 120 tons, are now exclusively 
engaged in this important business, employing 
about 400 men. Two voyages are usually made 
in the fishing season. When this is the case, the 
vessels leave about the beginning or middle of 
April, and return in the latter part of November. 
When three voyages are made, they leave early in 
March, and return early in December. About 12 
make what is called the Spring fare. The past 
season, (1634) 70,000 quintals were carried from 
this place to market : the principal part of which 
was shipped to New York, Albany and Boston. A 
few thousand quintals go directly out of the coun- 
try ; ohi'^^'^y to St Domingo and Cuba. 

The fisheries are certainly a very important 
branch of national industry, and well deserve the 
fostering care of the government, on account of 
their furnishing so many hardy, iron-framed, in- 
dependent seamen, who in seasons of difficulty 
with foreign powers are to protect the honor and 
interests of the country and its institutions. The 
fishermen live on board their vessels, on equal 



MAIiBLEllEAC. Iff 

terms. Every man is individually interested in the 
voyage, and consequently feels his importance. 
There is nothing among them of that spirit which 
is so often manifested on board of merchant ships, 
by men "dressed in a little brief authority;" no 
arbitrary exercise of power, no flogging, no stint 
of food, and therefore no refusals of duty, and no 
mutinies. 

If there were space, we would insert bingraphi-^ 
cal sketches of many eminent men, whose talents, 
virtues and services have reflected honor on this 
town. We can only subjoin some inscriptions and 
brief notices of a few of the number. 

I. " Memorise sacrum rev. dom. Johnunis Bar^ 
nard, primse Christi ecclesiae apud Marblehead pas* 
toris fidelis. Theologus erat vere eruditus, con- 
cionator admodum sapiens utilisque, Suis non 
solum quin et posteris monita reliquit. Exemphim 
pietatis ac christianae virtutis insigne, amicitias et 
pacis cultor, ecclesisB et oppidi decus, multos post 
labores Christi et animarum causa peractos, hac 
vita Januarii 24, 1770, et ministerii 54, aetatisque 
89, placide decessit." 

Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Mr John 
Barnard, faithful pastor of the first church in Mar- 
blehead. He was a most learned theologian, a 
very able and useful preacher. He has left lessons 
of instruction, not only to his contemporaries, but 
also to posterity. As a bright example of piety 
and christian virtue, one who cultivated friendship 
and peace, an ornament of the church and town, 
liaviiig performed much labor in the cause of Christ 
and of souls, he calmly departed this life Jan. 24, 
1770, iij the 54th year of his ministry, and 89th of 
his age. 

II. " M. S. viri admodum reverendi paritur 



178 



MARBLEHEAD. 



atque honorandi Edwardi HolyoTce, qui praestanti 
decoratus ingenio, doctrina in structissimus, arte 
moderandi apprime felix,preclarus eloquantia,mira 
in rebus suo tempore exequendis accuratione prae 
ditus, moribus ornatus sanctissiniis, integritate 
praesertim ab omniparte intacta, Collegii Harvar- 
dini praesidis, ajacto fundamento undecimi, munus 
amplius triginta annis cum surama laude sustinuit 
ac dignitate. In vita insuper privata edidit imitan- 
dum omnibus exemplum conjugis amantissimi, er- 
ga liberos pietatis, urbanitatis in hospites ingenuae 
comisque, summi erga amicos studii et constantis, 
pauperibus elargiendi saepissime, religionis erga 
Deum mediante Christo insignis. Vita demum 
optime peracta, animum Jesu commendavit ex- 
piravitque calendis Juniis, anno Christi 1769, 
aetatisque suae 80." 

Sacred to the memory of the most reverend and 
equally honorable Edward Holyoke, who, possess- 
ing naturally a superior mind, u'hich was richly 
stored with learning, eminently happy in the art of 
governing, famed for eloquence, endowed with 
wonderful accuracy in doing things at the right 
time, adorned v/ith the highest sanctity of manners, 
maintaining an integrity in all respects inviolable, 
for more than thirty years sustained the office of 
President of Harvard College, the eleventh from 
the laying of its foundation, with consummate ap- 
plause and dignity. Moreover, in private life, he 
exhibited an example, worthy to be universally 
imitated, of the greatest affection as a husband, 
faithfulness to his children, open and affable urban- 
ity to his guests, untiring liberality to the poor, and 
eminent piety to God, through the mediation of 
Christ. At length, after a most well spent life, he 



MARBLEHEAD. 



179 



commended his spirit to Jesus, on the 1st of June, 
in the year of Christ 1769, and 80th of his age. 

In the Collections of the Massachusetts Histori- 
cal Society, is a letter from Dr Chauncy to Dr 
Styles, dated May 6, 1768, containing an account 
of eminent men in New England, in which the 
writer says — " Mr John Barnard, of Marblehead, 
has been a long and near friend and acquaintance 
of mine. He is now in his 85th year, and I hear 
is seized this winter with blindness. I esteem him 
to have been one of our greatest men. Had he 
turned his studies that way, he would perhaps have 
been as great a mathematician as any in this coun- 
try, I had almost said in England itself He is 
equalled by few in regard either to readiness of 
invention, liveliness of imagination, or strength and 
clearness in reasoning. President Holyoke I have 
for a long course of years been intimately ac- 
quainted with. He is in many respects, a very 
valuable man, and in some respects admirably well 
qualified for a presidency over the College."* 

III. *' Under this stone lies the body of the 
Rev. Peter Bonrs, once minister of this church, 
which office for the space of nine years he dis- 
charged with faithfulness, teaching the doctrines 
of the gospel with plainness and fervency. Illus- 
trating the truth and reality of what he taught by 
his own life, the goodness of which, joined with 
great candor and unbounded benevolence, obtained 
for him, not only the most sincere love of his own 
people, but also the esteem of virtuous men of every 
persuasion. He died 24th Feb. 1762, aged 36 
years. To his memory his people have erected 

Volume X. page J 59. 



180 



MARBLteHtAD. 



this monument, in testimony of his great worthy 
and their sincere regard. 

Persuasion draws, example leads the mind, 
Their double force impels, when meetly joined." 

IV. Hon. Azov Orne, of this town, who died in 
Boston, June, 1796, aged 65, was from the com- 
mencement of the revolutionary struggle, one of 
the most active and popular advocates in New 
England of our freedom and independence. He 
devoted his time, talents, and no small amount of 
his property to the cause of his country. As a 
member of the provincial Congress, of the State 
Legislature, of the Convention which formed the 
Constitution of Massachusetts, and of the legisla- 
tive Council many years, he was eminently useful. 
*' He was a man of great integrity and uprightness. 
The interest and welfare of society lay near his 
heart. To the town he performed many and long 
continued services, earnestly seeking its peace and 
prosperity. To his country he possessed the strong- 
est attachment, and for its freedom, independence 
and welfare he made large sacrifices. And on ac- 
count of these, his eminent personal virtues and 
public services, he will not soon be forgotten. His 
fame has been widely extended, and generations 
yet to come will revere his memory."* 

V. Hon. Elhridgn Gerry, one of the signers of 
the Declaration of Independence, was born in 
Marblehead July 17, 1744, and from his first elec- 
tion as representative of his native town, in the 
legislature, he continued in public life, almost 
without intermission, filling the most important 
offices, such as that of a member of Congress, 

* Sermon after his decease, by Mr Hubbard. 



MARBLEHEAD. 



18J 



Ambassador to France, Governor of the Common- 
wealth, and Vice President of the United States, 
till his decease. His spirit was nourished by close 
communion with the Adamses, Hancock, Warren, 
&LC. On the night preceding the battle of Lexing- 
ton, he narrowly escaped capture as one of the 
" rebel " committee of the provincial Congress. 
Tn 1813, as he was proceeding to the Senate 
Chamber at Washington, "a sudden extravasation 
of blood took place upon the lungs and terminated 
his life within twenty minutes, almost without a 
struggle, and apparently without pain." 

VI . The late Hon. Samuel Stwall, of this town, 
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachu- 
setts, died suddenly at Wiscasset, while on his tour 
of official duty, in 1814, in the 57th year of his 
age. Judge Parker, in a highly respectful tribute 
to his memory, at the opening of the first session 
of the court after his decease, says — " No man 
ever understood better the general interests of his 
country, and particular interests of his constituents. 
The citizens of Marblehead used to acknowledge 
the great benefits derived from his attention to their 
peculiar business, and the improvements introduced 
into it by his exertions. His commercial informa- 
tion was much valued and much used in Congress. 
Having been for two years colleague with him, I am 
able to declare that no man in the House of Rep- 
resentatives was more relied upon for useful know- 
ledge, nor more esteemed for power in debate, than 
he was. In the year 1800, while a member of 
Congress, he was appointed to a seat on the bench. 
Some of you have witnessed his labors for fourteen 
years past, and it is unnecessary to state his ac- 
knowledged qualifications for the seat he occupied. 
In some points of importance, his venerable col- 



182 



MARBLEHEAO. 



leagues, Dana, Strong and Bradbury, seemed to 
feel and admit all his pre-eminence. On his suc- 
cession to the first place in this court, he felt with 
all his native diffidence the public expectations 
from the man who took the place of Parsons, and 
without believing he could possibly approach so 
near his eminence as those who knew him best 
expected, he bent the whole strength of his facul- 
ties to the accomplishment of his great object, that 
of filling with respectability and usefulness so con- 
spicuous and important an office. Enough was 
exhibited, in the short time of his exercise of the 
chief judicial office, to prove his ability to sustain 
it, and to warrant the assertion that the public loss 
is now indeed irreparable."* 



POPULATION. 

In 1765, the population was 4,974 ; in 1572. 6,015 ; 
in 1783, 4,443 ; in 1790, 5,661 ; in 1800, 5,''204 ; in 
1810, 5,900 ; in 1820, 5,630 ; in 1830, 5.150. 

Ratable Polls, 1225. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Richard Homan. 

Town Treasurer — John Hooper. 

Selectmen — Joseph W. Green, Samuel S. Trefry, 
William B. Adams, James Gregory, John Sparhawk, 
Jr. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyer. — William Fahens. 

Physicians. — Calvin Briggs, Chandler Flagg, Jo- 
seph Farnham. 



** For several of the foregoing incidents and particulars 
concerning individuals, we are indebted to a biographical 
publication by Mr Alden. 



MARBLEHEAD. 183 

Justices of the Peace.— William Reed, for the 
Commonwealth. Nathan Bowen, John Prince, of 
the Quorum. Joshua Prentice, Nathan B. Martin, 
Asa Hooper, George Barker, John G. Hooper, Rob- 
ert Hooper, John Sparhawk, James Gregory, J. 
Hooper. 

Notaries Public. — Nathan Bowen, William B. 
Adams. 

Deputy Sheriff. — Samuel Bowden, 3d. 

Coroner. — Nathan Bowen. 

Postmaster. — Frederick Robinson. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church. — After public worship had been 
maintained, and a religious teacher, in distinction 
from a pastor, had been supported here for 50 years, 
(" the brethren finding it inconvenient to go to Salem, 
to have the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's 
supper administered,"*) on the 13th of Aug. 1684, the 
first church in Marblehead was gathered, and Rev. 
Samuel Cheever, who had been teacher here for 15 
and a half years, was ordained as first pastor ; *' the 
whole work countenanced with the presence of the 
Deputy Governor, with five of the assistants, and 
twenty elders, with other ministers, and young 
scholars, and many others." 

After a ministry of 55 years Mr Cheever died. 
May 29, 1724, aged 85.t Rev. John Barnard, the 
second pastor was ordained as colleague, July 18, 
1716. His ministry likewise continued to its 55th year, 
and was terminated with his life, Jan. 24, 1770, aged 
89. Thus the two first ministers were in office 102 
years. The third pastor, Rev. William Whitwell, 
was ordained as colleague, Aug. 25, 1762, and died 



*Tho " brethren," above referred to, were connected as 
communicants with the first church of Salem. 

t Mr Cheever is characterized by his colleague as " of 
great classic learning, a good preacher, a judicious divine, 
and a prudent man." — Hist. Soc. Coll. Vol. x. p. 1C8. 



184 MARBLEHEAD. 

in office, Nov. 8, 1781, in the 48tli year of his age, 
and SOth of his ministry. Rev. Ebenezer Hubbard 
received ordination as fourth pastor, Jan. 1, 1783, and 
died Oct. 15, 1800. The present senior pastor, Rev. 
Sanmel Dana, was born at Ipswich, May 7, 1778 ; 
graduated at Harvard, 1796 ; was ordained Oct. 7, 
1801, and his colleague. Rev. Samuel W. Cozzens, 
was born at MayfieVl, N. Y. Oct. 25, 1801 ; gradu- 
ated at Middlebury, 1828, and at Andover Theological 
Seminary, 1831 ; was settled here Aug. 8, 1832. 
Present number of communicants 341. 

The Second Congregational chuvch (Unitarian) was 
organized, and its tirst pastor, Rev. Edward Holyoke, 
afterwards President of Harvard College, ordained 
in 1716. After his removal, Rev. Simon Bradstreet, 
was ordained as his successor, Jan. 4, 1738, and died 
in 1772. Rev. Isaac Story, who was settled as col- 
league in 1771, was removed in 1802. Rev. Heze- 
kiah May, succeeded in 1803, and took a dismission 
in 1803. The present pastor. Rev. John Bartlett, 
was born at Concord, May 23, 1784 ; graduated at 
Harvard, 1805 ; studied at Cambridge and with Dr 
Channing of Boston; settled here May 22, 1811. 
Communicants, 184. 

One of the first Episcopal churches in the colony 
was planted here in 1715, and has continued to this 
day. The first minister is supposed to have been 
Rev. Mr Monsara ; his successors Rev. Messrs Pigot, 
Malcom, Bours, Weeks, Oliver, Harris, Bowers, 
Henshaw, Smith, Andrews, Jones, Leonard, Mott, 
Eastman. The present incumbent is Rev. William 
H. Lewis. Communicants 74. 

A Methodist society was formed and meetinghouse 
erected in 1800. Present preacher. Rev. Mr Picker- 
ing. Communicants 150. 

A Baptist society also was established in 1803. 
Present pastor, Rev. N. Hervey- Communicants 145. 

The five handsome houses of worship, which are 
such an honor and ornament to the town, have been 
erected, (excepting the Episcopal, which has been 
thoroughly repaired and new modeled,) within these 
ten years. 



MARBLEHEAD. 185 

BANKS. 

Marblehead Bank. — Incorporated 1803. Capital 
^120,000. Discount every day. President, John 
Hooper. Cashier, Samuel S. Trefry. 

Grand Bank.— Incorporated, 1831. Capital, $100,- 
000. Discount every day, President, Joseph W. 
Green. Cashier, John Sparhawk, Jr. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Marblehead Marine Insurance Company. — Incor- 
porated, 1803. Capital $100,000. President, Rich- 
ard Girdler. Secretary, Samuel S. Trefry. 

Lafayette Insurance Company. — Incorporated 1835, 
Capital $100,000. President, John Candler, Jr. 
Secretary, John Sparhawk, Jr. 

SCHOOLS. 

Academy. — The foundation of this Institution was 
laid, and instruction commenced, in 1788. The pre- 
sent building was erected the following year. Act of 
incorporation, containing the grant of a township in 
Maine, is dated Nov. 17, 1792. This is one of the 
oldest literary establishments of the kind in the Com- 
monwealth, and for nearly half a century has been a 
benefit and credit to the town. Here many of her 
sons have been fitted for College, and many both of 
her sons and daughters qualified for usefulness and 
respectability on the stage of life. It should be re- 
corded, to the honor of Marblehead, that this insti- 
tution, which has always sustained a reputable char- 
acter, has been uninterruptedly supported, without 
the aid of pupils from abroad, from its first estab- 
lishment to this time. 

Its Preceptors have been Messrs Freeman, Harris, 
Cole, Greele, S. Dana, J. Dana, Merrill, Hunting- 
ton, Fitz, Bicknell, Bradford, Stevenson, Gilbert, 
Wallace, Carleton, Lord, Hathaway, F. Putnam. 

Preceptresses, Misses Lamb, Dowse, S. Dana, 
Bowers, Washburn, Kimball, Call, Wilson, H. Dana, 
Bond. 

Present Trustees, S. Dana, R. Hooper, W. Reed, 
12 



1i86 MARBLEHEAD. 

J. Hooper, J. Bartlctt, C. Brig^s, J. Traill, D. Weed, 
W. Broughton, E. Bray, J. W. Green, C. Flagg, J. 
Hooper, Jr., F. Black, Jr., J. Sparhawk, Jr. 

Public Free Schools. — From the yearly reports of 
School Committees to the Legislature, it appears that 
Marblehead, in its corporate capacity, has made lib- 
eral provision for the instruction of its children. 
Three respectable men's schools for boys have been 
supported many years ; in addition to which, there 
have usually been a high school for girls, and five or 
six primary schools. A school, intended to be of a 
superior order, v\^ith a male and female apartment, 
has also been established the present year. The sum 
raised this year for public instruction, is $3,500. 
Number of pupils in the public schools over 500. 

Private Schools. — The private schools are not less 
than 30 ; ihey contain about 600 pupils, and have hith- 
erto been supported at from 75 to 100 percent, greater 
expense than the public schools. 

Sabbath Schools are 5 ; one in each religious society, 
with an aggregate of 720 scholars. 

In 1802, 21 inhabitants of Marblehead, not born 
here, and 30 natives, had been graduated at Harvard 
College. Since that period 14 of her sons have been 
educated at different colleges. Total 65. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES, ETC. 

There is a variety of benevolent associations in 
this town, such as Temperance, Seamen's Relief, 
Seamen's Friend, Female Humane, &c. 

The Atheneum and Columbian Society, each have 
a reading room and library. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

There are six engines, with a fireward attached to 
each. In this connexion it may be mentioned as a 
memorable fact that notwithstanding the compactness 
of the settlement, the buildings of which are almost 
exclusively of wood, and a large portion of them old, 
not a single dwelling has been burnt for twentyfour 
vears. 



MARBLEHEAD. 187 

MILITARY. 

Two artillery companies, organized 1809, now an- 
inexed to a regiment of infantry. 

Two Light Infantry companies — " Marblebead 
Light Infantry," and " Lafayette Guards." 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

There are two Public Houses — one kept by Henry 
Rea, the other by Peter Rix. 

ALMS HOUSE, 

Keeper, Stephen Hathaway. Number of subjects, 
95. 

STAGES. 

A Stage leaves here every day, Sunday excepted, 
for Boston, at 8, A. M. and retuans at 7, P. M. 

A stage leaves twice a day, Sunday excepted, for 
Salem, at 8, A. M. and 2, P. M., and returns at 1 and 
6, P. M. 

Also a daily stage leaves for Lynn at 1, P. M., and 
returns at 6. 

TRADES, MANUFACTURES, STORES, ETC. 

The amount annually em|)loyed in the different 
trades and manufactures is, by estimation, $190,000. 
There are now engaged in the manufacture of shoes, 
400 men, 250 boys, total 650. There is supposed to 
be about the same number of binders. Workshops, 
1S5. 2 cordage manufactories employing 52 men and 
boys ; cooperage, 12 men and 6 boys ; soap and can- 
dle manufacture, 4 men ; paper and card manufac- 
tory, 4 men, 2 boys, 1 female ; tobacco manufactories, 
4 males, 6 females ; leather manufactory, 2 men, 4 
boys ; cabinet manufactories, 8 men, 4 boys ; tin- 
plate manufactory, 3 men, 2 aj)prentices ; cap and 
hat mmufactory, 4 men, 6 women and boys ; wooden 
ware manufactory, 3 men ; tailoring, S men, 12 fe- 
males ; blacksmiths, 3 shops, 9 men ; house carpen- 
ters, 54 ; bakers, 6 ; masons, 5 ; butchers, 2 ; wood- 
whartingers, 7 ; Jewelers, 2; sailmakers, 3 ; boat- 
builder, 1 ; painters and glaziers, 5 ; sash and blind 



188 METHUEN. 

factory, 1 ; machinist, 1 ; livery stable and stage 
office, 1 ; dry goods stores, 4 ; groceries, 30 ; book 
stores, 2. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Public Buildings. — Besides the churches are a 
Town Hall, the lower story of which is occupied as 
a market ; Schoolhouse ; Academy ; Alms-house, of 
brick ; Chapel ; Masonic Lodge ; Bank Buildings ; 
Powder House ; Gun House ; Arsenal. 

Mail Regulations. — The mail arrives daily at 1, 
P. M. and closes at 8, A. M. 

Taxable Proverty. — The assessors' valuation is 
SI, 829,300 

Toivn Tax, for 1835, Jfj! 10,000, 

Shipping. — The shipping owned here amounts to 
8,330 tons. 



METHUEN. 

Methden is a flourishing and pleasant town, 
located upon the north bank of the Merrimack, a 
few miles above Haverhill ; a portion of it formerly 
belonging to that town. It is bounded north by 
Haverhill and Salem, N. H., east and south by 
the Merrimack, and west by Dracut. It is thirty 
miles north of Boston, eighteen miles southwest 
of Newburyport and twenty miles northwest of 
Salem. Incorporated, Dec 8, 1725. 

The surface of the township is broken into a 
pleasing variety of hill and dale, and the soil gen- 
erally is very good. Spiggot River flows through 
this town in its course from New Hampshire to the 
Merrimack, its mouth being nearly opposite that 
of the Shawshin. This little river has a fall of 



METHUEN. 



im 



about thirty feet, which gave rise, by furnishing a 
plentiful supply of water for manufacturing pur- 
poses, to the thriving village known as Methuen- 
Falls. Aside from tlie utility of these falls, they 
afford a beautiful and lively spectacle to the eye of 
the beholder. 

Many of the inhabitants of this town are farm- 
ers, though some branches of manufacture are 
carried on to considerable extent, as will appear by 
statements to be made a page or two hence. A 
cotton factory was established here about twenty- 
three years since, and was burned down in 1818, 
It was rebuilt soon after ; the business has been 
extended, and at this day, the music of the spin- 
dle is the predominating '* part " of the '* busi- 
ness hum." 



Population. 

In 1800, the population was 1253 ; in 1810, 1181 ; 
in 1820, 1371 ; in 1830, 2011. Since 1830 it has pro- 
bably increased 400. 

Ratable Polls, 592. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Clerk and Treasurer — Moses Merrill. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Samuel H. Harris, Wil- 
liam Swan, John E. Merrill. 

LAWYER, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyer. — John Tenney. 

Physicians. — John M. Grosvenor, Stephen Huse, 
I. C. Straw, H. D. Buxton. 

Justices of the Peace and Quorum. — Ben Osgood. 

Justices of the Peace. — Jonathan Currier, 2d, Jo- 
seph VV. Carlton, Stephen Gage, Stephen Barker, 2J, 
John Tenney, Joseph How. 

Deputy Sheriff. — Joshua Buswell, Jr. 



190 METIIUEN. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church. — Orthodox Congregational. Gath- 
ered Oct, 29, 1729. Pastor, Sylvester G. Pierce. 
Number of communicants 175. Pupils in the Sab- 
bath School, 270. Volumes in the library, 260, The 
first pastor, was Christopher Sargent. He was born 
at Amesbury ; graduated at Harvard, 1725 ; settled 
here Nov. 5, 1729 ; died March 20, 1790, aged 84, 
The second pastor was Simon F. Williatns. He 
was born at Windham, N. H. ; graduated at Dart- 
mouth, 1785 ; settled here, Dec. 23, 1786 ; retired 
Aug. l(!j 1791. The third pastor was Humphrey C, 
Perley. He was born at Boxford, Dec. 24, 1761 ; 
graduated at Dartmouth, 1791 ; settled here, Dec. 2y 
1795 ; retired May 24, 1815. The fourth pastor was 
Jacob W. Eastman. He Avas born at Sandwich, N. 
H. ; settled here Dec. 13, 1815 ; retired Oct. 16, 
1828. The fifth pastor was Spencer F. Beard. He 
was born at Brookfield, July 4, 1799 ; graduated at 
Amherst, 1824 ; settled here Jan. 22, 1829 ; retired, 
April 25, 1832. The sixth and present pastor, Syl- 
vester G. Pierce was born at Wilmington, Vt., 1796 j 
settled here June 27, 1832. 

' Second Congregational. — Orthodox. Formed ApriJ 
16, 1766. The first pastor was Eliphaz Chapman, 
He was born at Newmarket, N. H. ; settled here 
Nov. 1772 ; retired five years afterward. The se- 
cond pastor, John H. Stevens, a native of Canter- 
bury, Ct.; was settled March 18, 1791, and remained 
four years. The third pastor was Josiah Hill. He 
was born at Bedford, July 11,1792; settled here 
April 9, 1832 ; retired April 9, 1833, since which time 
they have been without a settled pastor. 

[The first and second churches were united from 
1817 till 1830.] 

Baptist.— Foimi\eA 1815. Pastor, Charles 0. Kim- 
ball. Number of communicants, 350. Pupils in 
Sabbath School, 346. Volumes in Library, 278. 

Universalist. — This society was organized April 6, 
1824. Pastor, John A. Gurley. At present Shey 



METHUEN. 191 

worship in a hall, but arrangements are making for 
the erection of a meeting-house, which will probably 
be completed by the first of June. 

Episcopal. — A small Ej)i.scopal society was formed 
here in 1833. They have no pern)anent minister. 

Methodist. — There is also a small society of Metho- 



DISTRICT SCHOOLS, ETC. 

Methuen is divided into nine school districts. 
Whole number of scholars, between the ages of four 
and sixteen, 590. School tax for 1834, $900. Amount 
raised by contribution for support of schools, $300. 

TRADES AND MANUFACTURES. 

The amount of capital employed in the different 
trades and manufactures is about $300,000. 

The cotton manufactories emplo}' about 300 hands ; 
the shoe manufactories, 550 do. Hat manufactories, 
50 do. Paper, 12 do. Piano forte, 10 do. 

STORES. 

English and West India goods, 8. Grocery, 4. 

STAGES. 

Stages for Lowell, and Haverhill, leave Low's tav- 
ern, at the Falls village, daily. For Boston, every 
Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Newspaper. — The " Methuen-Falls Gazette," a 
valuable publication, is issued every Friday morning, 
by S. J. Varney, Jr. ; politics, neutral. Commenced, 
Jan. 2, 1835. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable pro- 
perty is $660,116. 

Town Expenses. — The expenses of the town, the 
past year, amounted to $3,515. 

Lyceum. — This association was formed in 1819. 
Members, 100. Number of volumes in library, 150. 
President, Charles 0. Kimball. Secretary, Henry 
D. Preston. 



192 MIDDLETON, 

Methuen Library. — Number of volumes, about, 
100. 

Temperance Society. — Formed Jan. 21, 18S0. 
Number of members, 500. President, J. W. Carlton. 
Secretary, Stephen Huse. 

Divisions of Soil. — Tillage, 855 acres. English 
and upland mowing, 1515. Fresh meadow, 1296. 
Woodland, 1142. Pasturage, 4833. 

State Valuation. — In the valuation of 1811, this 
town stood at $233,672. In 1831, at $432,102. 

Post Office.— The Methuen Post Office yields to 
government about $191 annually. 

Public Houses. — There are two public houses. 



MIDDLETON. 



MiDDLETON is boundcd north by Andover and 
Boxford, east by Topsfield and Danvers, south by 
Danvers, and west by Reading and Andover. It 
is twenty miles north of Boston ; was formed of 
the corners of several neighboring towns, and in- 
corporated in 1728. Ipswich river runs for some 
distance along the border of the town, and re- 
ceives the tribute of three small streams. There 
are several fine ponds, and some valuable mill 
privileges. The land is not of the first quality, 
though the industry of the people has made it in a 
good degree productive. The surface of the 
township is broken into hill and dale, and much 
rude and romantic scenery is presented for the 
contemplation of the lover of nature. The busi- 
ness of shoemaking is carried on here to consid- 
erable extent, though farming furnishes the chief 
employment of the inhabitants. 



MIDDLETON. 193 

POPULATION. 

The population in 1810, was 541 } in 1820, 596 j in 
1830, 607. 
Ratable Polls, 170. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Amos Batchelder. 
Town Treasurer — Daniel Fuller. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Amos Batchelder, David 
Richardson, Daniel Emerson. 

PHYSICIAN, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physician. — Ezra Nichols. 

Justices of the Peace. — Daniel Fuller, Ezra Nich- 
ols, Pelatiah Wilkins. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — This church was gath- 
ered in 1729. Pastor, Forrest Jefferds. The first 
pastor was Andrew Peters. He was born at Ando- 
ver ; settled here Nov. 26, 1729 ; died Oct. 6, 1756, 
aged 55. The second postor was Elias Smith, a na- 
tive of Reading ; settled here, July 1759 ; died Oct. 
18, 1792, aged 63. The third pastor was Solomon 
Adams, lie was born at Acton, March 18,1762; 
graduated at Harvard, 1788 ; settled here Oct. 23, 
1793; died Sept. 4, 1813. 1 he fourth pastor was 
Ebenezer Hubbard, a native of Marblehead ; settled 
here, Nov. 27, 1816; resigned April 29, 1828, and 
settled at Lunenburg, Dec. 10, same year. The 
fifth and present pastor, Forrest Jefferds, was born 
at Wells, Me. Aug. 4, 1794 ; settled here. May 2, 
1832. 

United Society. — Besides the above there is a 
society composed of Unitarians and Universalists — 
at present without a ])astor. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are four School Districts, comprising of 
scholars between the ages of 4 and 16-, 206. School 
tax, $340. The district schools are kept a part of 
the year, and private schools are kept during the va- 
cation. 



194 NEWBURY. 

MILITARY. 

One company of the line. 

PUBLIC HOUSE. 

There is one public house — Joseph W. BatcheU 
der, keeper. 

STAGES. 

Tri-weekly stages pass through on the Salem and 
Lowell route. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Paper JVI«7Z.— Peahody's Paper Mill is located in 
this town. It is said to be the largest establishment 
of the kind in the country. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 39. 

Store. — There is one store. 

Mills. — There are three grist and two saw mills. 



NEWBURY. 

Newbury was originally one of the largest, as 
it is one of the oldest towns in the Commonwealth. 
It was first settled in the year 1633, by a party 
who came from England in the ship Hector. In 
the following year, its numbers were farther aug- 
mented ; and in the year 1635, receiving a con- 
siderable accession from the neighboring settlement 
of Ipswich, Qnafcacunquen, a favorite hunting and 
fishing ground of the Indians, received a formal 
act of incorporation as the town of Newbury. 

The pioneers of this settlement first pitched their 
tents at a place which long continued to be the 
head quarters of their agricultural residence. It 
was judiciously selected on the banks of a beautiful 



NEWBURY. 195 

stream, to which, at an early period, as a testimonial 
of regard, they gave the name of their justly ven- 
erated pastor, Mr Parker. 

The settlers were in no wise exempt from those 
severities of fortune which were experienced in 
common by their cotemporaries in other places ; 
and the paths which their descendants pass over 
so gaily, and perhaps value far too lightly, were 
for them beset by a thousand thorns and hidden 
snares — thorns and snares which we too should 
have found remaining, but for their invincible 
courage and untiring labor. 

In that dreadful struggle with the savages, which 
is known as Philip's war, we find Newbury con- 
tributing G7 men and 46 horses, equipped for ser- 
vice. And when we reflect that the town probably 
did not contain at the time much more than 150 
men who were fit to bear arms, we must be con- 
vinced at least that she was not disposed to sleep 
while others watched, or to purchase her ease 
without paying her full proportion of the cost. 
Tracing her onward to the period more immedi- 
ately preceding the revolution, we find her still 
exhibiting the same bold front, and active spirit ; 
determined to resist any infringement, direct or 
indirect, of what she esteemed her rights; and her 
records still display many noble resolutions and 
addresses, couched in the most glowing and patri- 
otic language, expressive of this determination. 

In 1774, the town voted to raise ^'200 to pur- 
chase provisions for the inhabitants of Boston ; a 
contribution which will appear extremely liberal, 
when it is known that this sum was about half as 
large as that raised for all other town purposes 
during the year. 

Although Newbury contains about five miles of 



196 NEWBURY. 

coast, and has two principal rivers, the Merrimack 
and the Parker, the least of which is navigable for 
some distance by vessels of considerable burden, 
its inhabitants rely principally on agriculture for 
their support. The soil in general is neither re- 
markably productive nor sterile, but is such as to 
conduce most to the welfare of its occupants ; not 
so prolific as to en(^rvate and demoralize its chil- 
dren, nor so ungrateful as to refuse a comfortable 
maintenance in reward of their labors. The prin- 
cipal surplus products of the agricultural portion 
of this coFnmunity furnished for exportation, con- 
sist of apples, onions and potatoes. The town has 
an abundance of excelle^^t grazing land, and is well 
supplied with salt marsh — the meadow bounding 
Plum Island Sound, and on the banks of Parker 
river, being in some places over a mile in width. 

The territorial limits of the town have been 
greatly diminished, and its wealth more than pro- 
portionably impaired by the disjunction from time 
to time of Newburyport and West Newbury. 

Those parts of the town which are most com- 
pactly settled, have a very intimate natural con- 
nexion with Newburyport, and together with the 
Merrimack, completely inclose it. The section 
called Bellville constitutes the northwestern bound- 
ary of Newburyport, and though it has greatly 
declined from its former wealth, it is still, in point 
of appearance, well worthy of the name it bears. 
High street, which is partly in Newbury, and 
which forms the southwestern border of Newbury- 
port, is thought one of the finest and most beautiful 
avenues in the country. It is between two and 
three miles in length, and is skirted on the upper 
side by a gentle eminence which is connected by 
a slight and uniform declivity with the street. On 



NEWBURY. 197 

the summit of this rising ground are placed an 
extensive range of elegant buildings, occupied 
principally by merchants belonging to Nevvbury- 
port. That portion of the town which lies on the 
southeast side of Newburyport, contains about 
1100 people in a compact settlement. The in- 
habitants of this part of the town, are generally 
engaged in the mackerel and cod fisheries, which 
for some years past have proved considerably lu- 
crative; and such an alteration has been wrought 
by this circumstance, in the aspect of the place 
and character of the people, that the familiar ap- 
pellation of Joppa, by which it has long been 
known, and which was formerly esteemed somewhat 
opprobrious, has now, and with good reason, lost 
any such meaning. 

Plum Island, the principal part of which lies 
within the limits of Newbury, was until very lately 
connected with the main land by means of a bridge, 
erected for the purpose of affording more speedy 
aid to those who might be thrown upon its shore, 
than could be eflfected by means of a merely water 
communication. Aporticn of the bridge has been 
carried away by the current, but it is hoped that it 
will soon be rebuilt. The island is mostly composed 
of sand, and is much esteemed as a pleasant and 
salutary resort of invalids in the summer season. 
It has been thought that a private establishment 
for the benefit of the sick might be located there, 
with much advantage to the community, and profit 
to the owner. This Island has always been a fa- 
vorite haunt for pleasure parties, not only from the 
neighboring towns, but from those at a great dis- 
tance in the interior. Besides the benefit of sea 
air and bathing, a principal point of attraction has 
consisted in a copious supply of beach plums, 



198 NEWBURY. 

which are found in great abundance in the 
autumn, crowning the thousand fantastic sand 
hills, which seem raised purposely to diversify 
the otherwise tedious sameness of the scene. 
With such inducements, the young people of the 
vicinity would scarcely deem the business of the 
year complete without a trip to Plum Island, and 
their annual frolic on its beach. 

The state of agriculture in Newbury is probably 
in no degree inferior to its condition in any other 
town in the county; and individuals of her active 
and thriving population carry away a large propor- 
tion of the prizes which are annually offered by 
the Agricultural Society. The extensive farm of 
Mr Parsons, near the source of Parker river, is 
remarkable at once for its elegant appearance and 
for the judicious husbandry which it exhibits ; 
while the Indian hill and Rocky hill farms are not 
less remarkable for the liberal expenditures and 
laudable enterprise of their proprietors. Among 
the objects which principally excite the attention 
of visitors, are a series of limestone excavations 
formed by the early settlers, who carried on a 
considerable traffic in this article, until the greater 
abundance of fuel diverted the channel of the 
business into Maine. Little did the pious fathers 
dream, while engaged in making these excavations, 
that they would be converted by the fertile imag- 
ination of their descendants into a chosen residence 
of the enemy on earth, and distinguished by the 
not inappropriate appellation of "Devil's Den." 
Stripping it, however, of the factitious consequence 
with which it has been invested by lovers of the 
marvellous, it still retains some points of interest 
to the mineralogist, by furnishing his cabinet with 
certain specimens which are not to be found else- 



NEWBURY. 199 

where in this vicinity, amongst which are serpen- 
tine, asbestos, and amianthos, in considerable 
quantities, and some of the first, particularly, of 
great beauty. Another object of much greater 
rarity is a floating island, of about half an acre in 
extent, contained in a pond directly behind the 
burial-ground at Old Town. This island has sev- 
eral trees of considerable growth upon its surface, 
but is principally covered with dogwood and 
bushes. Its elevation varies in a range of four to 
eight feet, with the annual inundations. An elab- 
orate and learned essay upon this subject was 
written by a late much respected native of New- 
buryport, and published in Silliman's Journal, a 
few years since. 

Few towns, perhaps, furnish a greater number 
of pleasant rides than Newbury. One of the finest 
of these is afforded by the old road leading from 
Ipswich to Newburyport. It is ornamented with 
a great number of beautiful trees, and running 
most of the way on the summit of a gentle rising 
ground, it offers on one side a view of an extensive 
and well cultivated amphitheatre, including Kent's 
island ; and on the other, a complete view of the 
harbor with its numerous fishing boats and larger 
vessels, of Plum island, the Isles of Shoals, Ipswich 
harbor, and Cape Ann; the whole constituting a 
panorama which for extent, variety and beauty, is 
seldom equalled. 

Newbury has within its present limits, four 
meeting houses, nine public school houses, a town 
house, five grist mills, two snuff mills, a fulling mill, 
several saw mills, a cotton factory, &c. ; most of 
these are more particularly noticed in another place. 

Dummer Academy,* which bears the name of 

* Newburyport Academy (so called) is situated within 
the limits of Newbury. 



200 NEWBURY. 

its munificent founder, was established and riclily 
endowed by Governor Dummer, in the year 1756, 
considerably earlier than any other in New Eng- 
land. This institution attained a hiajh deorree of 
celebrity under the auspices of its first instructor, 
** Preceptor Moody," and had the honor of educa- 
ting a large proportion of the most distinguished 
men of the time. The town still continues justly 
proud of the memory of Mr Moody, though his 
latter years were clouded by a constantly increas- 
ing degree of mental aberration, occasioned by 
intense application to his chosen pursuits of study 
and instruction, to which he continued to cling 
until death with all the ardor of a first love. In 
consideration of his earlier eminently successful 
services, and especially as his madness, like Ham- 
let's, had somewhat of " method in it," the Trustees 
saw fit to continue him in office, notwithstanding 
the occasional vagaries resulting from his danger- 
ous malady. An anecdote illustrative of his keen 
observation of character, which probably consti- 
tuted the key to his success, was related a few 
years since, by the late Hon. Dudley A. Tyng, of 
Newbury, at a meeting of the alumni of this ven- 
erable institution. 

It was observed by a member of the association, 
that an old oak desk, made, agreeably to the lib- 
eral practise of the times, some two or three inches 
thick, was split in the centre by a blow which pre- 
sented the appearance of having been inflicted 
many years before. Mr Tyng assured the compa- 
ny that the blow was given in his presence, when 
a school boy, by Preceptor Moody, under the fol- 
lowing circumstances : 

A roguish pupil had already exasperated the old 
gentleman to the utmost verge of endurance, when 
perpetrating some further roguish tricks, the Pre- 



NEWBURY. 201 

ceptor sprang towards him, with all the fury of a 
maniac glistening in his eye, and seizing a large 
old-fashioned shovel in his way, he raised it to 
strike the offender to the ground. As the fatal 
instrument descended, the relenting old man di- 
verted it by a violent effort from its course, and, 
saving the culprit, inflicted a blow which cleft even 
this stout oaken desk in two ; and with a counten- 
ance as full of admiration as it had before been of 
rage, he exclaimed to the school — • '* Did ye see, 
boys ? He did n't wink ! — did n't wink ! He 'II 
make a general ! " His prophecy was well nigh 
fulfilled. The roguish boy, whose life was saved 
by the caprice of a madman, was reserved for a 
distinguished destiny. He was afterward Commo- 
dore Preble, 

This seminary is under the present superintend- 
ence of Mr Cleaveland, who has filled the office of 
principal for about twelve years, and who is pecu- 
liarly qualified, by his natural intelligence, exten- 
sive acquirements and eloquent address, at once 
for the instruction of youth, and for conferring on 
them that gentlemanly deportment which adds so 
much of lustre to more solid attainments. 

The school is in a flourishing condition, and 
affords scholars every inducement to embrace its 
advantages — pleasant board — moderate tuition 
— a delightful situation — a philosophical appara- 
tus — a library, and a thoroughly accomplished 
instructor. 

Newburv has likewise the honor of having given 
to America the first example of a chain suspension 
bridge. This bridge crosses the Merrimack about 
three miles from Newburyport, and is said to be 
the second of the kind which was ever built. It 
was erected by the late distinguished engineer, Mr 
13 



202 NEWBURY. 

Palmer, of Newburyport. Since its erection, many 
others have been constructed both in Europe and 
America. It consists of an arch in the arc of a 
very large circle, with a chord of 245 feet, and is 
supported by chains passing over high buttresses at 
either extremity. The vicinity of this bridge 
affords, it is thought, some of the most picturesque 
views, of mingled landscape and water prospect, 
which are found among us. 

Partial views, through intervening foliage, of 
this noble specimen of architecture, towering with 
its massive chains far above the surface of the 
stream, and seeming almost to be pendent in the 
air, tend greatly to heighten the otherwise beauti- 
ful prospect of several neighboring eminences. 

The clergy of Newbury have in general been such 
as would confer honor on any place whatever, and 
some of them have been peculiarly distinguished. 
The names of Parker, Tucker, Parish and Popkin 
are familiar to all who are conversant with the lit- 
erature of their time. The first of these gentlemen, 
Mr Parker, was settled in Newbury in the year 
1635. He had early availed himself of the advan- 
tages which were offered by the Universities of 
Oxford, Dublin and Leyden. At the age of twen- 
tytwo he wrote theses, '* De traductione peccato- 
ris ad vitam," which were published, and are said 
to have been highly celebrated. To these per- 
formances he was probably indebted for the affirm- 
ation made by the faculty of Leyden. "Non sine 
magna admiratione au divimus." He likewise 
composed several volumes upon the prophecies, 
only one of which, on Daniel, was published. An 
anecdote is related of him, proving that his condi- 
tion was somewhat remarkable even in the scho- 
lastic age in which he lived. Among his other 



NEWBURY. 203 

numerous writings, he had composed a preface for 
some book, which preface was censured by Presi- 
dent Chauncey, as too liberal toward the Episco- 
pacy. An assembly of his brethren was convened 
to deal with him on the subject of his dangerous 
disposition towards conformity. They addressed 
him in English ; he replied in Latin. They fol- 
lowed him ; he retired to the Greek ; they renewed 
their charge in Greek ; he defended himself in 
Hebrew ; but his adversaries, who were not easily 
foiled, especially when a question of church disci- 
pline was involved, endeavored to force home their 
crimniations in Hebrew. He then retired to his 
fastness in Arabic, where they could no longer pur- 
sue him ; and, once out of their reach, he refused 
to be tried by any but his peers in knowledge. 

The following, among many quaint epitaphs at 
Old Town, is placed on the grave stone of the 
Rev. Mr Richardson, one of the early preachers in 
this parish : 

" When preachers dy, the rules tlie pulpit gave 
to live well, are still preached from the grave 
The faith & life which your dead pastor taught 
in one grave now witli him Syrs bury not. 
Abi, Viator — 
A mortuo disce vivere ut moriturus, e terris disce eogitare 
de coelis." 

The very numerous and comparatively recent 
publications of Dr Tucker, have rendered his logi- 
cal reasoning, his racy humor, and elegant phrase- 
ology, too familiar in Essex County to require a 
more particular notice. 

And no one who is at all acquainted with Amer- 
ican literature of the nineteenth century, needs to 
be informed, that Dr Parish was eminently distin- 
guished at once as a profound theologian, and a 
sound and enthusiastic political preacher. 



204 NEWBURY. 

Many other interesting facts might be stated with 
regard to this ancient and resj)ectable town, if the 
limits of a work like this permitted a more exten- 
sive relation. 

Newbury is bounded north by Newburyport and 
the Merrimack, east by the ocean, south by Row- 
ley, and west by West Newbury. It is thirtytwo 
miles northeast of Boston. 



POPULATION. 

The population in 1810, was 5,176 ; in 1820, (West 
Newbury having been set off rhe previous year,) 
S,67l ; in 1830, 3,803. 

Ratable polls, 841. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Ezra Hale. 
Town Treasurer — Stuart Chase. 
Selectmen and Assessors — Silas Moody, Josiah Lit- 
tle, Daniel Noyes. 

LAWYER, PHYSICIAN, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyer. — Jacob Gerrish. 

Physician. — Martin Root. 

Justice of the Peace and Quorum. — Jacob Gerrish. 

Justices of the Peace. — Silas Little, Moses Little, 
Daniel Hale, Samuel Newman, Orlando B. Merrill, 
Thomas Hale, Silas Moody, Moses Pettingell, Daniel 
Adams, 3d, Joseph Gerrish, Seth Sweetser, Josiah 
Little, Nehemiah C. Cleaveland, Joseph Little, Ben- 
jamin Stickney, William N. Cleaveland, W^illiam 
Currier, Jr. 

Coroners, — Orlando B. Merrill, Daniel Adams, 3d. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church.— Onhodox Congregational. Organ- 
ized, 1635. Number of communicantSj 200. Pastor, 



NEWBURY. 205 

Leonard Wittington. The first pastor was Thomas 
Parker. He was born at Wiltshire, England, 1596; 
settled here at the formation of the church ; died 
April 24, 1677. James Noyes, also settled 1635, was 
born at Choulderton, Eng."l608 ; died Oct. 22, 1656. 
John Richardson, was settled Oct. 20, 1675; died 
April 27, 1696. Christopher Toppan, settled Sept. 
9, 1696; he was born at Newbury Dec. 15, 1671, and 
graduated at Harvard 1691 ; died July 23, 1747. 
The next pastor was John Tucker. He was born at 
Amesburv ; graduated at Harvard, 1741 ; settled here 
Nov. 10,^1745 ; died March 22, 1792, aged 73. The 
next pastor was Abraham Moore, a native of Lon- 
donderry, N. H. ; settled here March 23, 1796 ; died 
June 24, J 801. The next pastor was John S. Po|)kin. 
He was born at Boston, June 19, 1771 ; graduated at 
Harvard 1792 ; settled here Sept. 19, 1804 ; resigned 
Oct. 5, 1815. Mr Withington, the present pastor, 
was born at Dorchester, x\ug. 9, 1789 ; graduated at 
Yale, 1814; settled here Oct." 31, 1816. 

Second Church. — Orthodox Congregational. Pas- 
tors, James Miltimore and John C. March ; MrMil- 
timore is unable to perform any duties. Number of 
communicants, 157. 

Byjield Church. — (Partly in Rowley.) Orthodox 
Congregational. Organized Nov. 7, 1706. Number 
of communicants, 130. Pastor, Henry Durant. 

Parker River Bridge Church. — No settled pastor. 
Communicants, 12. 

Methodist. — Pastor, J. E. Risley. Number of com- 
municants, 190. 

SCHOOLS. 

Dummer Academy. — This is the oldest institution 
of the kind in New England. It is located in Byfield 
parish, and was founded in 1756, by Lieut. Gov. 
Dummer ; it was not, however, incorporated till the 
3d of October, 1782, which was subsequent to the 
incorporation of Phillips' Academy, at Andover. The 
location of this school is retired, })leasant, and re- 
markably healthy. Pupils are prepared for College 



206 NEWBURY. 

or receive instruction in the common branches of a 
merely English education. Tuition, $S per quarter. 
Board in good families in the neighborhood may be 
had for $1,50 a week. To deserving youth, in indi- 
gent circumstances, the tuition is in part, or wholly 
remitted. Number of scholars the present year, 72 — 
average number about 50. Instructors, Nehemiah 
Cleaveland, Principal. Aaron K. Hathaway, Hum- 
phrey Richards, Assistant Teachers. Benjamin W. 
Hale, Writing Master. Charles N. Todd, Teacher 
of Music. 

Public Schools. — There are nine public schools 
kept the greater part of the year, and three or four 
private schools ; number of scholars between the 
ages of 4 and 16 years, 900 j average attendance at 
the public schools, 685. 

TRADES AND MANUFACTURES. 

There is a cotton factory at the head of tide water^ 
on Parker river, in Byfield parish, which runs 1200 
spindles and emjjloys about 30 persons, male and fe- 
male. 6000 yards of cloth are manufactured per 
week. 

There is also a woollen factory, for spinning stock- 
ing yarn, which runs 150 spindles and employs 4 
hands. 50 pounds of wool are manufactured daily. 
Upon the same River, about one mile above, another 
woollen factory is preparing to go into operation, at 
which it is intended to manufacture frocking, some- 
thing like the imported article called Guernsey 
frocking. 

Shoemaking is carried on to considerable extent, in 
several parts of the town. The shoes are mostly dis- 
posed of in the southern market. 

At Bellville, chaise manufacturing is i)rosecuted 
with vigor ; probably not less than thirty hands are 
employed. 

There are 2 tanneries, 1 in Byfield and I in Bell- 
ville, employing a capital of from #8,000 to $10,000. 
5 grist mills, running 11 pairs of stones, with a bolt 
for flour at each mill. 2 mills for grinding corn with 



NEVVBURYPORT. 



207 



the cob, as fodder for cattle and swine. 3 saw mills, 
one a tide mill, doing little business, the other two, on 
Parker River, doing an extensive business. 5 circu- 
lar saws, employed principally for mahogany veneer- 
ing and other fine work. 1 clothing mill with 2 card- 
ing machines connected. 2 snuff mills, kept in 
operation most of the year. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

The Alms House establishment comprehends a farm 
of 200 acres, which cost $7,500. Number of in- 
mates 60. Superintendant, Ira Worcester. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable pro- 
perty is $840,000. 

Town Expenses — The town expenses last year 
amounted to $8,000. 

Fire Department. — Two engines, with five fire- 
wards attached to each. 

Stores. — There are ten stores ; principally grocery. 

Social Library. — This library is in the first parish, 
and contains 250 volumes. 

Land. — Newbury contains 23,000 acres, of which 
4000 are salt marsh. 

State Valuation.~lS2l, $799,316 17 ; 1831, $846,- 
173 33. 

Post Offices. — There are two post offices ; one at 
Byfield and one at Bellville ; but for many of the 
inhabitants the Newbury port office is most con- 
venient. 



NEWBURYPORT. 

The town of Newburyport, situated upon the 
southwestern bank of the Merrimack, was origin- 
ally a section of the old town of Newbury, by 



208 



NEWBURYPORT. 



which it is at present surrounded upon three of its 
sides. Its territorial limits, embracing but about 
six hundred and fortyseven acres, are less than 
those of any other town in the State of Massachu- 
setts. Its location being favorable for maritime 
and commercial enterprise, and the noble river, 
which flows by it, affording easy means of access 
to timber for ship building, in which its inhabi- 
tants early acquired^'^reat skill and reputation, it 
soon became a compact, populous and flourishing 
portion of the town of Newbury. These circum- 
stances involving, as was supposed, some diversity 
of interest between this part of the settlement and 
the agricultural population of the old town, the 
inhabitants of what is now called Newburyport 
obtained an act of separate incorporation in the 
year 1764. 

The situation of the town is indeed uncom- 
monly beautiful. The populous part stands upon 
a slope, gently declining to the river, so that a 
summer rain can at any time completely wash the 
streets. By whatever avenue it is approached, its 
appearance never f\iils to impress the mind of the 
visiter with pleasurable sensations. The compact 
settlement of the town of Newbury enclosing it 
upon two sides along the bank of the river, as you 
approach it upon the eastern road, or from the sea, 
it presents the aspect of a considerable city, ex- 
tending to the distance of nearly three miles. 
The town is laid out with an unusual degree of 
regularity. A lower street, upon which the 
wharves and docks open, follows the course of the 
river; and parallel with this an upper or High 
Street extends the whole length of the town. 
Various avenues pass through its centre, and a 
sufficient number of generally, wide and spacious 



NEWBURYPORT. 209 

Streets, at regular intervals, intersect these at right 
angles and connect the upper with the lower street. 
The main post road from Boston enters Newbury- 
port nearly at the central point of High Street, and 
passes in a direct line through the town to a very 
large and convenient market-place, which is sur- 
rounded by brick stores and is in the immediate 
vicinity of the principal wharves and docks. The 
dwelling houses and other bu.idings are generally 
kept in good repair and condition, and present a 
neat and often elegant appearance. Some of the 
principal houses are extremely handsome ; and 
there are few of any condition, which do not pos- 
sess a considerable garden spot, which gives a 
very open and airy aspect to the town, at the same 
time that it promotes that general health for which 
this place has always been highly distinguished. 
Indeed, a great deal of attention has been paid 
here, of late years, to ornamental as well as com- 
mon gardening. An intelligent Horticultural Soci- 
ety has given a tone and spirit to exertion in this 
way, and the horticultural exhibitions, which take 
place once or twice a year under the direction of 
the Society have been pronounced by strangers, to 
be at least equal, in many respects, to those which 
are held annually in the metropolis of the Com- 
monwealth. 

The town is well shaded by numerous trees, 
many of which are of ancient growth and great 
beauty. The horse-chesnut, lime, catalpa, moun- 
tain-ash and button-wood are common. There 
are individuals of the tulip-tree ; but the elm pre- 
dominates, of which there are some venerable and 
magnificent specimens. The existence of these 
beautiful trees in our populous towns, and that too 
in so good a state of preservation, is a fact highly 



*210 NEWBURYPORT. 

honorable to the communities in which they flour- 
ish ; and involving, as such a fact of course does, 
the idea of a fondness for natural beauty, it ought 
certainly to exonerate our fore-fathers from the 
absurd charge of want of taste and value for the 
ornaments of life, to which they have been too fre- 
quently exposed. A great number of forest trees 
have been planted, within a few years, along the 
borders of the public ways, and promise to add 
much, in a short time, to the attractive character 
of the town. As you enter State Street, from the 
southward, in the summer season, those noble relics 
of another day, which skirt its borders, compose 
one of the most beautiful vistas of green foliage 
which ever refreshed the eye ; and many a return- 
ing wanderer, as these rose upon his view, has felt 
his heart glow with warmer love for the home of 
his childhood, and has doubted, whether in all his 
wanderings, he has looked upon a scene more fair. 
The meetinghouse of the first Presbyterian So- 
ciety is remarkable for an ornament rather uncom- 
mon in the houses of public worship in this coun- 
try. It is a marble monument to the memory of 
the great preacher, Whitefield, a name not the 
least among those of the many distinguished men, 
who have in some way or other become connected 
with the history of Newburyport. This society 
owes its origin to the efforts of Mr Whitefield, in 
the year 1744. He died while on a visit to the 
church, and his remains are deposited beneath the 
floor of this meetinghouse. The monument is a 
very elegant cenotaph of Egyptian and Italian 
marble, designed by Strickland, and executed by 
Strother, of Philadelphia ; and was the gift of an 
eminent merchant of Newburyport to the society 
in which he worships. 



NEWBURYPORT. 211 

The direct line of travel from Boston to the 
eastward, runs through Newburyport, where is the 
principal depot of the stage company ; and in 
order to accommodate this a chain bridge was 
thrown over the Merrimack, in 1826, connecting 
the town with Salisbury upon the opposite bank of 
the river. 

The inhabitants of Newburyport have been al- 
ways remarkable for their public spirit. The 
character of their public acts in the fearful times 
immediately preceding the Revolution bears wit- 
ness to their intelligent appreciation of their rights, 
and displays an ardor and resolution, in view of the 
great contest about to commence, not surpassed in 
any other town in the country. Its citizens bore 
their full share of the sufferings, sacrifices and 
duties of that momentous struggle. One singular 
example of patriotism ought not to be omitted 
here. In the difficulties with the French Direc- 
tory, in the year 1798, when our National navy 
was small, and the means of Government com- 
paratively limited, a twenty gun ship was built here 
by subscription of some of the respectable inhab- 
itants of the town for the public use. The com- 
mittee, which made offer of building this vessel, 
requested to be paid the ordinary rate of interest, 
and asked for final reimbursement of the net cost 
" at the convenience of Government." The ser- 
vice at that time was felt to be valuable. 

The inhabitants of the town have always felt a 
just pride in the fame of the distinguished indi- 
viduals who have been born among them, or who 
have made this place their chosen residence ; and 
the names of Lowell, Jackson, King (Rufus), 
ParsOxNs, Perkins (Jacob), and others are still 
held by them in cherished remembrance. It was 



212 



NEWBURYPORT. 



owing, no doubt, in part to the influence and ex- 
ertions of sucii men, that the town arrived at that 
flourishing condition, which it enjoyed in its 
better days. 

The commercial prosperity of Newburyport was 
at one period, almost unexampled in a town of its 
size. But various causes have contributed to ef- 
fect its injury. The restrictive system of govern- 
ment pressed very heavily upon a mercantile and 
particularly upon a ship building population. A 
calami, ous fire in 1811, swept off much of its 
valuable property, and left the centre of the town, 
composed principally of stores and ware-houses, a 
pile of ruins; and the war of 1812, seemed to 
add the last drop to the cup of its misfortunes. 
The construction of the Middlesex canal served to 
divert a great amount of its internal trade into 
another direction ; and in the midst of its calami- 
ties, the competition of other towns upon the coast, 
assisted to counteract its best efforts to recover its 
former standing. The sand bar at the mouth of 
the Merrimack, which, in prosperous times, would 
have afforded no great obstacle to trade, became 
under disastrous circumstances a source of de- 
spondence, and the town has never yet made any 
decisive approach to its former flourishing state. 
But the enterprise and spirit of the inhabitants have 
never entirely deserted them. They have been 
constantly endeavoring to recover their lost advan- 
tages. Of late years, the fishing business has 
become a source of profit, and at this moment the 
erection of steam factories is engaging attention 
with every prospect of profitable investment, 

'J'imber for the construction of vessels cannot now 
as formerly, be obtained in the immediate vicinity 
of the town, and the falls at various places on the 



NEWBURYPORT. 



ai3 



Merrimack render a certain amount of land car- 
riage necessary, at a considerably increased ex- 
pense. It is believed, however, by some, that locks 
might be made around the falls, at no great cost, 
which would not only afford an easier means of 
transportation for a sufficient supply of building 
material, but would also restore to its natural chan- 
nel some of the internal trade of the town. The 
most important point of view in which such a pro- 
ject can be considered, is undoubtedly in connex- 
ion with the ship-building interest; and in this 
respect it deserves much attention. The skill of 
former days still exists on the banks of the Merri- 
mack ; and nothing but a larger and cheaper sup- 
ply of timber is necessary in order to afford it 
ample employment. Indeed, there cannot be a 
doubt that wdth its great natural advantages, New- 
buryport is destined, sooner or later, to become a 
a place of much more importance than at present. 
In the mackerel and cod fishery were employed 
in 1835, 150 vessels with 1350 men. There were 
inspected during the year ending January, of that 
year, 25,200 barrels, and 5,155 half barrels mack- 
erel ; showing Newburyport to be the third town 
in the State for the business. The number of 
quintals of codfish brought in during the year end- 
ing January, 1834, was 20,000. There are at 
present four ships, valued at $175,000, engaged in 
the whale fishery. The town is also largely en- 
gaged in the freighting business. The number of 
square-rigged vessels employed, principally ships 
and barks, is 32 — tonnage 10,594. There are 
some West Indiamen and some coasters. Packets 
running to Boston, Portland and Bangor. One 
schooner now absent on a sealing expedition. 
During the two years ending September, 1835, 



214 NEVVBURYPORT. 

there were enrolled and registered, as built on the 
Merrimack, 5,279 tons. The tonnage of this port 
on the first of January, 1834, was 21,535 tons. 

The sketch would be incomplete, did we omit 
noticing, more particularly than we have done, 
some of the public works and public buildings. 

The Newburyport bridge crosses the Merrimack 
from the north part of the town. It was built in 
1827. Abutments with stone walls, filled in with 
sods, gravel, &lc., project from either shore. That 
on the Newburyport side is 240, and that on the 
Salisbury side is 187 yards long. The bridge 
rests on these abutments and on four piers built of 
stone from high water mark, and is further sup- 
ported by chains passing over the tops of pyramids 
erected on the piers and under the centres of the 
arches. The span of the centre arch is §3 yards. 
The bridge is built in two distinct longitudinal 
parts, so that, in case of accident to one, the pas- 
sage of the river will not be interrupted. Whole 
length, three sevenths of a mile. Cost, $70,000. 
There has been a rapid and steady increase of 
travel over this bridge. The tolls taken in 1835 
amounted to nearly double those of 1827. 

A Breakwater was constructed by the United 
States in 1830, near the mouth of the harbor, for 
the purpose of improving the same, at an expense 
exceeding $30,000. It has as yet been productive 
of but little if any advantage. A pier has since 
been erected on Salisbury side, covering Badger's 
rocks, which affords a convenient harbor for vessels 
when prevented from coming up to town. 

The Newburyport Turnpike to Boston, com- 
mences at the head of State street, and is continued 
in a direct course to Maiden bridge. It was fin- 
ished in 1806, at an expense of $420,000, but is 
now little travelled. 



NEWBURYPORT. 215 

A Custom House has just been completed, situ- 
ated on Water street. It is built of rough granite, 
with hammered stone pilasters, entablature, cor- 
nice and portico. The roof is coveied with zinc. 
With the exception of the windows and window- 
frames, it is built entirely of stone and brick. The 
style of architecture is the Grecian Doric, and the 
cost of the building $25,000. 

There are eight Churches, a stone Jail and a 
keeper's house, an Alms house, an elegant brick 
Court House,* on Bartlett's mall. High street. 
There is also a brick Market house, containing a 
town hall, and rooms for municipal officers. 

The Newburyport Academy, though situated 
within the bounds of Newbury, was built, as 
its name implies, by persons in Newburyport. It 
is a handsome brick buildincr situated on High 
street. A private school is now kept in it. The 
Newburyport Lyceum occupy the hall in the 2d 
story, which is a very handsome and convenient 
room, and was fitted for them at an expense of 
$1,200. 

The great fire of 1811, before alluded to, de- 
stroyed in a few hours 250 buildings, and property 
to the estimated amount of 62,000,000. Insur- 
ance against fire was not then practised, and 
although large contributions were made in other 
towns for the relief of the sufferers, yet the injury 
to the town was very great. A portion of ground 
to the extent of fifteen acres, covered with buildings, 

* The cost of this Court house was $16,000. It is men- 
tioned on page 40 of this work as still being the properly of 
town and county ; but the town's half was sold to the county 
a while since, and it has been altered and much improved. 
It is now the largest and most convenient court room in the 
county. 



215 NEWBURYPORT. 

was burned over, and for a long space this section, 
in the heart of the town, called "the ruins," pre- 
sented a melancholy spectacle. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1810, 7,634 ; in 1820, 6,852 ; 
in 1830, 6,388. A new census was taken by some 
citizens in October, 1835, which gave 6,626, viz : 
white — males 2,781, females, 3,811; — colored — 
males, 15, females, 19. 

Ratable Polls, 1,395. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Eleazar Johnson, Jr. 
Town Treasurer — Moses Merrill. 
Selectmen — Charles H. Balch, Ebenezer Stone, 
John N. Gushing, Henry Merrill, Jeremiah Colman. 

LAWYERS, PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lawyers. — Ebenezer Moseley, Stephen W. Mars- 
ton, Asa W. Wildes, Caleb Gushing, George Lunt, 
Nathaniel Hills, Jr. 

Physicians. — Richard S. SpofFord, John Brickett, 
Nathan Noyes, Jonathan G, Johnson, John Atkin- 
son, S. W. Wyman, Henry Perkins, Francis V. 
Noyes. 

Police Court — S. W. Marston, Judge. William 
Woart, John Cook, Jr. Special Justices. 

Justices of the Peace. — William Bartlett, Thomas 
M. Clark, Asa W. Wildes, Edward S. Rand, John 
Porter, Solomon H. Currier, Caleb Gushing, George 
Lunt, George Titcomb, Henry Frothingham, John 
Andrews, Samuel Phillips, John Brickett, John 
Moody, Samuel Newman, John S. Morse. 

Justices of the Peace and of the Quorum. — Wil- 
liam Woart, Jonathan Gage, Ebenezer Moseley, S. 
W. Marston, John Cook, Jr. William B. Bannister. 

Appointed to qualify Civil Oncers.— W^illiam 



NEWBURYPORT. 217 

Woart, Jeremiah Nelson, John Porter, William B. 

Bannister. 

Notaries Public. — John Porter, William Woart, 

Isaac Stone. 
Deputy Sheriffs. — Oilman White, Nathan Brown- 
Coroners. — Gilman White, John Cook, Jr. John 

Moody. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

St Paul's. — Episcopal. Founded, 1711. James 
Morse, Rector. Numberof comnjunicants, 90. Sun- 
day School, founded 1826 ; number of scholars 80. 

Unitarian Congregational. — Founded 1725. Thos. 
B. Fox, Pastor. Number of communicants, 90. Sun- 
day School reorganized 1832. Nuujber of scholars 130. 

First Presbyterian. — Fountled 1744. Jonathan F. 
Stearns, Pastor. Number of comnmnicants 330. Sun- 
day School, founded 1826. Number of scholars 200. 

Orthodox Congregational. — Founded 1767. Lu- 
ther F. Diumiick, Pastor. Number of communicants, 
360. Sunday School founded 1826. Number of 
•cholars, 200.' 

Independent. — Orthodox:. Founded 1794. Charles 
W. Milton, Pastor. Nunilier of communicants, 200. 
Sunday School founded 1826. Number of scholars, 
200. 

Second Presbyterian. — Founded 1795. Daniel 
Dana, Pastor. Number of communicants, 160. Sun- 
day School founded 1826. Numberof scholars, 105. 

'Baptist.— FowuiXedi 1804. Nathaniel W. Williams, 
Pastor. Number of communicants, 196. Sunday 
School founded 1824. Number of scholars, 185. 

Methodist Episcopal.— Founded 1827. J. San- 
born, Pastor. Number of communicants, 140, Sun- 
day School founded 1829. Numberof scholars, 135.] 

SCHOOLS. 

The number of Public Schools is twelve, viz : 
One High School, N. S. Williams and D. P. Page, 
Instructors ; containing 103 scholars. Three Monito- 
rial Schools, Jonathan Coolidge, George Titcjmb, 
and Newman Brown, Instructors ; containing 347 
scholars. Three Fe.nale Grannar Schools, Mrs 
14 



218 NEWnURYPORT. 

Melvin, Miss N. Knapj) and Miss Swettjnstructressesj 
Containing 2G3 scholars. Five Priniary Schoolsj 
Misses Lunt, Campbell, Cook, Frothingham and 
Hoyt, Instructresses ; containing 308 scholars. 

Number of Private Schools thirtytwo, containing 
687 scholars. 

Tola! number of scholars 1708. 

Amount paid last year for Tuition in Private 
Schools, $'5300. 

Amount raised annually for Public Schools, $4000, 

School Funds. — The late Moses Brosvn, Esq. left a 
legacy to the town, to be kept at interest till the same 
should amount to $15,000, and then the income to be 
api)lied to the support of a Grammar School. Amount 
of fund, 13th May 1835, $9,026. 

The late Oliver Putnam, Esq. also left a legacy to 
the town, to be kept at interest till it should amount 
to $50,000. The incoir)e to be ajjplied to the niain- 
tenance of an English School. Amount of this fundy 
1st September, 1835, $42,000. 



JV/ccAamc*.— Incorporated 1812. Capital $200,000. 
Discounts daily. K\edzer Johnson, President. John 
Andrews, Jr., Cashier. Jacob Stone, Book Keeper. 
Edward S. Rand, Eleazer Johnson, Stephen W. 
Marston, John Wood, Henry Merrill, Amos Noyes, 
Charles J. Brockway, Directors. 

Merchants.— lncoi'[)ovated 1831. Capital $300,000. 
Discounts daily. Henry Johnson, President. Sam- 
uel Mulliken, Cashier. William G. White, Book 
Keeper. Henry Johnson, John Porter, Wm. Balch, 
Micajah Lunt, Jr., Caleb Gushing, Joseph J. Knapp, 
Directors. 

Occ«n.— Incorporated 1833. Capital $200,000. 
Discounts daily. Henry Frothingham, President, 
Enoch Plummer, Jr., Cashier. Silas Titcomb, Book 
Keeper. Henry Frothingham, Jeremiah Colman, 
Ebenezer Hale, Philip Johnson, Nathaniel Noyes, Jr. 
Seth Clark, John Balch Jr., Directors. 

Institution for Savings. — Incorporated 1820. 
Amount of deposits $260,000. Thomas M. Clark, 



NEWBURYPORT. 219 

President. Jeremiah Nelson, Treasure!'. John Har- 
rod, Secretary. Three Vice Presidents and twenty 
Trustee.*. 

INSURANCE COMPAZ-IES. 

Merchants. — Fire and Marine. Incorporated 
1831. Capital $200,000. John Porter, President, 
Samuel Carr, Secretary. John Porter, William 
Balch, Micajah Lunt, Jr., Nathaniel Noyes, Jr. 
Henry Titcomb, Jr. Stephen Tilton, Henry Johnson, 
Caleb Cushing, Directors. 

Mutual. — Incorporated 1829. Amount insured 
$150,000. Jeremiah Nelson, President. John Har- 
rod, Secretary. 13 Directors. 

Mutual Fishing. — Amount insured $125,350. Na- 
thaniel Marsh, Philip Coombs, Moses Merrill, Thos. 
Morrison, Benjamin W. Hale, Directors. Charles J. 
Brockway, Secretary. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Newburyport Herald. — Semi-weeklj' ; imperial 
sheet. Same, daily, half imperial sheet. Established 
1796. Politics, Whig. 

Essex North Register. — Semi-monthly, half super- 
royal sheet. Religious, Orthodox ; established 1834. 

MILITARY. 

Newburyport Jlrtillery. — Established in 1778, and 
served in the Revolution. Officers, John Bradbury, 
Captain. Isaac Stevens, First Lieutenant. Frederick 
J. Coffin, Second Lieutenant. 

There are also three companies of iafantry of the 
line. 

FIRE DEPARTME-NT. 

This town has a regular Fire Department, estab- 
lished by the Legislature in 1832. Nathaniel Foster, 
Chief Engineer. Henry Titcomb, Jr., Amos Top- 
pan, John Cooper, John Bradbury, George Emery, 
Nathan Brown, Jacob Horton, Isaac Pearson, John 
S. Morse, Nathaniel Davis, Engineers. 

Engines.~No. 1, Old North ; No. 2, Mechanic; 



220 NEWBUPYPOUT. 

No. 3, Protector ; No. 4, Newburyport ; No. 5, Ex- 
tinguisher ; No. 6, Little Belt. 

One hook and ladder carriage, and one bucket car- 
riage ; also eleven hundred feet leading hose. 

SOCIETIES. 

Newburyport Marine Society. — Established 1772, 
Objects: 1st. " To improve the knowledge of the coast 
by communications from its members, (who are ex- 
clusively shipmasters.) 2d. To raise a common fund 
for the relief of members or their families when in 
poverty," In 1800, its funds amounted to ^'5,565, in 
1820 to $11,522, in 1835 to $15,000, notwithstanding 
many liberal donations to indigent members or their 
families. Number of members, 61. Capt. Eleazer 
Johnson, President. Capt. Paul Simpson, Vice Pre- 
sident. Caj)t. John N. Gushing, Treasurer. Capt. 
Charles Hodge, Secretary. 

Merrimack Humane Society. — Established 1802. 
Object, " Resuscitation of persons apparently 
drowned." Fund $2,500 and a costly apparatus. 
Hon. Jeremiah Nelson, President. Ebenezer Mose- 
ley. Vice President. James Morse, Corresponding 
Secretary. Anthony S. Jones, Becording Secretary. 
Paul Simpson, Treasurer. Twelve Trustees. 

Howard Benevolent Society. — Established 1817. 
Object, Relief of the indigent sick. Fund $1,700. 
Thomas M. Clark, President. David \V. Jones, 
Secretary. Samuel S. Plummer, Treasurer. Nine 
Trustees. 

Newburyport Lyceum. — Established in 1829. Num- 
ber of members 115. Price of season ticket, two dol- 
lars. Stephen W. Marston, President. Roger S. 
JHowTuviX, Vice President. David P. Vixge., Manager 
and Corresponding Secretary. William S. Bartlett, 
Treasurer and Recording Secretary. John Hull, Wil- 
liam Bradstreet, Moses Davenport, Jr., Curators. 

rURLlC HOUSES. 

Wolfe Tavern, Stage House, State Street ; Enoch 
Tilton, keeper. Dexter House, High Street ; Mrs 



NEWBURYPORT. 221 

Marshall, keeper. Franklin Tavern^ Water Street ; 
Joseph T. Haskins, keeper. Farmers'' Hotel, Water 
Street ; S. Fifield, keeper. 

LIBRARIES. 

Newburyport AthencEum. — Incorporated 1809, 
Number of v^olumes 1,800. 

There are besides two Parish Libraries, three cir^ 
culating libraries and a library to each Sunday School. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Number of subjects 65. Eleazer Johnson, Jr., 
keeper. 

STORES. 

Number of dry goods stores, 17. Number of gro-' 
ceries, 30. Number of hardware stores, 3. Number 
of furniture stores, 3. Number of milliners, 7. Book- 
sellers 6, of which 3 are book binders. Tailors, 5. 

Whole number of stores, shops and warehouses, 
298. 

TRADES AND MANUFACTURES. 

A building intended for a Steam Cotton Factory, 
measuring 113 feet by 40 feet, has been built and will 
be in operation in January, 1836. It is confidentlr 
expected that the manufacture of cotton by steam 
will soon be an important interest at this place. 

Charles H. Coffin''s Steam Comb Manufactory. — 
Employs 15 males and 70 feniales. Manufactures 
90,000 dozen combs annually, for the Western coun- 
try. Value $40,000. 

E. and J. Husc's, Snuff, Cigar and Tobacco Man- 
ufactory, — employs 5 males and 50 females. Man- 
ufactures 10 millions cigars (principally of the nicest 
quality) annnall}-. 5 tons snuff and some chewing 
tobacco. Value $37,000. 

John Bradbury^s, Silver Plate and Thimhle Man- 
ufactory >, — employs 5 hands. Value of manufactures, 
$10,000 annually. 

John Bradbury 4' Co''s. Stove, copper and tin 
Manufactory, — employs 11 hands. Value of manu* 
factures yearly $30,000. 



222 NEWBURYPORT. 

There are also manufactures of hats, boots afifJ 
shoes, &c. 5 but at present to a comparatively limited 
extent. 

Measures are in progress to introduce the raising 
and manufacture of silk. 

TOWN EXPENSES, 

The town expenses for 1834-5, amounted to 
$23,974 74 — embraced in the following items : 
Overseers (of the poor) department 6,171 00 

School department 4,507 81 

Fire dej)artment (including a Reservoir) 3,093 74 
Market Hall and Rooms 3,944 33 

New Streets, Highways and bridges 3,638 82 

Incidental — (including Police, Sextons and 

Burial Grounds,) " 2,613 77 

23,974 47 

Owing to several causes the expenditures of 1834-& 

exceeded the general average of expenses by about 

$8,000. New streets were laid out, the Market Hall 

was finished, fire apparatus was purchased, &c. &c. 



For Boston. — Stages leave for Boston, every day 
except Sunday, at 7^, A. M. II, A, M., at 12 M. and 
at 3, P. M. 

Lowell. — Every day, except Sundav,at 12, M. and 
3,P. M. 

Haverhill. — Every day, except Sunday, 9, A. M. 

Jimesbury. — do do do do 7, P. JVL 

Exeter.— do do do do 10, A.M. 

Portsmouth. — do do do do 1, P. M. 

Concorc?.— Tri-weekly, 7, A. M. 

Eastern Mail, daily, 6, P. M, 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Taxable Provertij.— Real estate, ^1,1 94, .300. Per- 
sonal property^ #2,112,100. Total, $3,-306,400, 



ROWLEY. ^23 

Valuation. — Newburvport stands in the State val- 
uation, at f2,165,967 28. 

Post Office. — The post office yields to government 
about $'2,416. 



ROWLEY. 

Rowley v/as settled in the year 1638, by a com- 
pany of about sixty persons,* from Yorkshire, led 
by Rev. Ezekiel Rogers, who had been a minister 
at Rowley, in England. *' Mr Rogers," says Dr 
Spoffbrd, "was born at Wethersfield, England, 
1590. He entered the university at thirteen years 
of age, and graduated A. M. at the age of twenty. 
After enduring many afflictions in England, he 
obtained a peaceful settlement in this place, to 
which he was a distinguished benefactor. He 
suffered many domestic sorrows in the evening of 
his days, and died, worn out w-ith labor and care, 
in 1660. His remains were disinterred a few years 
since, and removed to a more suitable part of the 
burying-ground, and a marble monument erected 
by the people of Rowley, who still enjoy the fruits 
of his bounty." 

The first person born here, appears to have been 
Edward Carlton ; he was an ancestor of those of 
that name now in the town, and was born in 1639. 
The first marriage on record also took place this 
year, and the parties were Robert and Anna Hascl- 
tine. Some of the first settlers having been 
clothiers in England, it is said established a full- 
ing mill here soon after their arrival, and manufac- 
tured the first cloth ever made in North America. 

*Some say sixty families. 



224 



ROAVLEY. 



Among the names of the first settlers, we find 
Chaplin, Gage, Jewett, Mighill, Nelson, Payson, 
Spofford, Stickney and Tenney — names which are 
to this day prevalent in the town. 

The act incorporating the town, is in these 
words — " 1639, 4th day of the 7th month, Ordered, 
that Mr Ezekiel Rogers' Plantation shall be called 
Rowley." The towns of Bradford and Boxford, 
together with parts of one or twoother towns, were 
then included. 

The present town of Rowley is bounded easterly 
by the sea, northerly by Bradford and Newbury, 
westerly by Boxford, and southerly by Boxford and 
Ipswich. The western part of the township forms 
the p:irish of New Rowley, and the eastern parish 
is familiarly called Old Rowley, in distinction. 
Half of the parish of Byfield, and half of Line Brook 
parish, are in this town. 

The highest land in the county is *' Bald Pate," 
in the western part of this township. From this 
elevation, an extensive and delightful view may be 
obtained, comprehending a portion of the valley of 
the Merrimack and the adjacent settlements, to- 
gether with the beautiful town of Haverhill. 

Towards the sea shore, lies an extensive tract of 
salt marsh, from which large quantities of hay are 
cut, and boated up Rowley river to various land- 
ings. 

Fruit is much cultivated in this town, particu- 
larly pears ; and about 1000 barrels of perry are 
annually made. 



POPULATION. 



The population in 1800, was, 1,5.57; in 1810, 1,682 ; 
in 1820, 1.825; and in 18.30, 2,044. 
Ratable Polls, 598. 



ROWLEY. 225 



TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Thomas Gage. 
Town Treasurer — Harrison B. Spofford. 
Selectmen — Edward Smith, John B. Savory, John 
Thurlow. 

LAWYER, PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 

Lawyer. — Jeremiah Russell. 

Physicians. — Benjamin Proctor, Charles Proctor, 
Daniel Perley, David Mighill, Richard Herbert. 

Justices of the Peace.— Thomas Gage, Amos J. 
Tenney, Jeremiah Russell, Richard Herbert. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church. — Orthodox Congresational. Organ- 
ized, Dec. 1639. Present pastor Williard Holbrook. 
Number of communicants, 109. The first pa.=tor 
was Ezekiel Rogers. He was born at Wothersfield, 
Eng., 1590; was settled on the day that the church 
was formed ; died Jan. 23, 1661. The second pastor 
was Samuel Phillips. He was born at Boxford, Eng. 
1625; graduated at Harvard, 1650; settled here the 
same year; died April 22, 1696. The third pastor 
was Samuel Shepard. He was born at Cambridge 
1641 ; graduated at Harvard 1658 ; settled here Nov. 
15, 1665 ; died April 7, 1668. The fourth pastor was 
Edward Payson. He was born at Roxbury, June 20, 
1657 ; graduated at Harvard, 1677 ; settled here Oct. 
25, 16S2 ; died Aug. 22, 1732. He was a direct an- 
cester of Dr Payson of Portland. The fifth pastor 
was Jedediah Jewett. He was born at Rowley, June 
3, 1705 ; graduated at Harvard, 1726 ; settled here 
Nov. 19, 1729; died May 8, 1774. The sixth pastor 
was Ebenezer Bradford. He was born at Canter- 
bury, Ct. 1746 ; settled here Aug. 4, 1782 ; died Jan. 
3, 1801. The seventh pastor was David Tnllar. 
He was born at Shrewsbury, Ct. Sept. 22, 1748 ; 
graduated at Yale, 1774 ; ordained by the New York 
Presbytery, July, 1775 ; settled here Dec. 7, 1803; 
was dismissed 1810; settled over the Line Brook 
church 1823 ; resigned there, 1831. The eighth pas- 
tor was James W. Tucker. He was born at Dan- 



^36 ROWLEY. 

bury, Ct., 1787 ; graduated at Yale, 1807 ; studied 
divinity with Professor Stuart ; settled here June 
24, 1812; resigned June 24, 1817; died Feb. 11, 
1819. The ninth and present pastor, Willard IIol- 
brook, was born at Uxbridge, April 7, 1792 ; gradu- 
ated at Brown, 1814, and at Andover Theological 
Seminary, 1817 ; settled here July 22, 1818. 

Second Congregational. — (Orthodox). Organized 
1731. Present pastor, Isaac Braman. Number of 
communicants, 100. The first pastor was James 
Chandler, a native of Andover ; settled Oct. 18, 1732 ; 
died April 16, 1788. Mr Braman, the present pastor, 
was born at Norton, July 5, 1770; graduated at 
Harvard, 1794 ; settled here June 7, 1797. 

First Baptist. — Organized, 1785. Number of 
communicants, 50. At present without a pastor. 

Second Baptist.— Orgamzed 1830. Number of 
communicants, 35. Pastor, Jeremiah Chaplin. 

B])jield Parish, (partly in Newbury.) — Organized 
Nov. 7, 1706. Orthodox Congregational. Number 
of communicants, 130. Pastor, Henry Durant. Mr 
Durant was born at Acton, June 18, 1802 ; graduated 
at Yale 1827 ; settled here Dec. 25, 1833. 

Line Brook Parish. — (See Ipswich.) 

SCHOOLS. 

There are nine school districts, in each of which 
a public or private school is kept the greater ])art of 
the year. The whole number of scholars from 4 to 
16 years of age is about 500. The amount raised by 
tax for support of schools about $750 ; and the 
amount raised by subscription about $150. 

An account of Dummer Academy, which is in By- 
field parish, but within the territory of Newbury, is 
given under the head Newbury. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

New Bowley — J. B. Savory. Old Rowley — Ed- 
ward Smith. 

MILITARY. 

One volunteer company of Light Infantry. Two 



ROWLEY. 22T 

companies of infantry of the line, and portions of a 
company of riflemen, and a company of cavalry. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Capital.^The amount of capital employed in this 
town, is from $400,000 to $500,000 ; mostly in the 
manufacture of shoes and leather. 

Fire Department. — There are two fire engines, with 
suitable companies. 

Libraries. — One in the first parish, one in the se- 
cond parish, and one in By field parish. 

Alms House. — Average number of subjects, 30 ; 
more than half State paupers. Keeper, Samuel 
Jewett. 

Stores. — Dry goods and groceries are generally 
kept in the same store, or in different apartments of 
the same establishment. Number, 9, 

Mills, <^c.— There are 4 grist and 2 saw mills ; 1 
steatn engine for grinding bark, &c. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable pro- 
perty is about $500,000. 

Town Expenses. — The town expenses last year 
were $^3,200. 

Stages. — Savory's tavern (New Rowley) is on the 
Concord, N. H. route ; three stages pass daily for 
Lowell, or Newburvport, Portsmouth, Dover, &,c. 
Smith's Tavern (Old Rowley) is on the great eastern 
route. 

Post Offices. — There are two post offices: New 
Rowley, yielding to government about $120,00 ; Ben- 
jamin Little, P. M. Old Roidey, yielding to govern- 
ment about $42 50 ; Benjamin H. Smith, P. M. At 
each of these a mail is received daily. 

Divisions of Territory. — The whole town contains 
21,000 acres ; about 3000 of which are covered with 
water ; among the residue, 827 acres are of tillage ; 
1180 of English and upland mowing; 1760 of salt 
marsh. 

State Valuation. — In 1811 this town stood at $345,- 
078 00; in 1831, $447,295 19. 



228 



SALEM. 

SaleMj the chief town of Essex County, was the 
first permanent settlement in old Massachusetts 
colony. Roger Conant with his company came 
here on breaking up the "fishing plantation" at 
Cape Ann, in the autumn of 1626. The ancient 
Indian name of the place was Naumkeag, but the 
settlers soon adopted thatof Saiem, or peace. Co- 
nant and his companions located themselves on the 
tongue of land through which Bridge street now 
runs, and the early settlements were generally made 
in the vicinity of North river. Conant is justly 
entitled to the honor of effecting the first perma- 
nent settlement in Massachusetts, as distinguished 
from Plymouth. He appears to have come with a 
full determination — a determination which no cir- 
cumstances could induce him to relinquish — to find 
a foothold for civilization upon these shores; and 
his " utter deniall to goe away," when surrounded 
by perils and nearly forsaken by his brethren, and 
his firm reliance upon the guidance and protection 
of Providence, induce us to look upon him as one 
standing somewhat in advance of the ordinary ranks 
of men, though he may not have possessed the re- 
finements of many of the venerables of that period. 

John Endicott and his company arrived on the 
6th of September, 1628, and the settlement soon 
became one of note. Endicott was unquestiona- 
bly a man of sound judgment, and well calculated 
to advance the interests of the infant community ; 
but of his temperament, something may be gath- 
ered from the following little incident, which oc- 
curred in 1631. Mr Thomas Dexter and Mr En- 
dicott had been at issue upon some point, when 



SALEM. 



229 



the latter so far lost control over his feelings, as to 
strike the former ; whereupon, Mr Dexter com- 
plained to the court at Boston, and Mr Endicott, 
who was prevented from attending court, addressed 
a letter to Gov. Winthrop, in which he says, " I 
did hope to have been with you in person, at the 
court, and to that end I put to sea yesterday, and 
was driven back again, the wind being stiff against 
us; and there being no canoe or boat at Saugus, I 
must have been constrained to go to Mistic, and 
thence about to Charlestovvn, which at this time I 
durst not be so bold, my body being at present in 
an ill condition to take cold, and therefore I pray 
you to pardon me. 1 desired the rather to have 
been at court, because I hear I am much com- 
plained of by goodman Dexter for striking him. I 
acknowledge I was too rash in striking him, un- 
derstanding since it is not lawful for a justice of 
peace to strike. But if you had seen the manner 
of his carriage, with such daring of me, with his 
arms akimbo, &c., it would have provoked a very 
patient man. He hath given out, if I had a purse 
he would make me empty it, and if he cannot have 
justice here, he will do wonders in England ; and, 
if he cannot prevail there, he will try it out with 
me here at blows. If it were lawful for me to try 
it at blows, and he a fit man for me to deal with, 
you should not hear me complain." 

Mr Higginson arrived in 1629, three years after 
Conant, and one year after Endicott. In a letter 
written soon after his arrival, he says — '* When we 
came first to Nehum-kek, we found about half a 
score houses, and a f^iire house newly built for the 
governor ; we also found abound ance of corne 
planted by them, very good and well liking. And 
we brought with us about two hundred passengers 



^30 



SALEM. 



and planters more, which by common consent of 
the old planters, were all combined together into 
one body politicke, under the same governour. 

" There are in all of us, both old and new plant- 
ers, about three hundred, whereof two hundred of 
them are settled at Nehum-kek, now called Salem, 
and the rest have planted themselves at Masathu- 
lets Bay, beginning to build a town there, which 
wee do call Cherton, or Charles Town. 

" We that are settled at Salem make what haste 
we can to build houses, so that within a short time 
we shall have a faire towne. 

" We have great ordnance, wherewith we doubt 
not but we shall fortifie ourselves in a short time to 
keepe out a potent adversary. But that which is 
our greatest comfort, and meanes of defence above 
all other, is, that we have here the true religion 
and holy ordinances of Almighty God taught 
amongst us. Thankes be to God, wee have here 
plenty of preaching, and diligent catechizing, with 
strickt and carefull exercise, and good and com- 
mendable orders to bring our people into a chris- 
tian conversation with whom we have to doe withall. 
And thus wee doubt not but God will be with us, 
and if God he loith ms, who can he against us V^ 

In 11129, the first child was born at Salem. His 
name was John Massey, and he was a son of Jef- 
frey Massey, a companion of Roger Conant. The 
cradle in which he was rocked is still preserved. 
At a church meeting, in 1703, the old church bible 
was presented to him as the '* first town-born child." 
He died in 1709. 

For a time, Salem increased so slowly that Ips- 
wich and Lynn were before it in importance ; but 
in fourteen or fifteen years after the arrival of En- 
dicott, the fisheries had been commenced with 



SALEM. 231 

success, and all other towns had been left behind 
in commercial enterprise. The township in 1637 
comprehended, together with its present limits, 
Beverly, Danvers, Manchester, Marblehead, Mid- 
dleton, a part of Lynn, Topsfield and Wenham. 

]n J63(i, the first Quarter Court was held here. 

In the early days of the town, that part called 
the Neck, was a place of considerable business; 
but the trade gradually passed up South river, and 
became settled in the sections where it is at present 
found. 

In 1650, William Hawthorn, of Salem, was 
speaker of the House of Representatives. He is 
the first person whose name appears on record 
in that capacity. 

In 1661, eighteen Quakers were publicly pun- 
ished. About the same time, a number were exe- 
cuted at Boston. 

In 1663, the first prison was built. 

In 1678, Salem had eightyfive houses and three 
hundred polls. 

The spring and summer of 1692 afford the 
darkest passage in the whole history of this town. 
It was then that the witchcraft delusion prevailed. 
The town suffered greatly by the excitement, losing 
by removal, a fourth part of her population. The 
witches were executed on a hill in the westerly 
part of the town, ever since known as Gallows hill. 
The house in which some of them were examined 
is the mansion still standing in Essex street, upon 
the west corner of North street. It was built by 
Hon. Jonathan Curwin. 

Governor Bradstreet died at Salem in 1697, at 
the age of ninet)five. His residence was on the 
site of the present mansion of the widow of the late 



!232 SALEM. 

Joseph Augustus Peabody. A drawing of his 
house is in the room of the Historical Society. 

In 1698, a great fire occurred here. It raged 
in the most thickly settled part of the town ; and 
property to the amount of five thousand pounds was 
destroyed. 

The first Ahns house was erected in 1713. 

The East church (Dr Flint's) was built in 1718. 

The old Episcopal church, which was demol- 
ished a year or two since to give place for the new 
stone edifice, was built in 1783. The slabs in the 
new church, containing the Lord's Prayer, the 
Creed, and the Commandments, are upwards of a 
hundred years old. 

In 1773, the pavement of Essex street, between 
Court and North streets, was completed. It was 
the first ever laid in Salem. The pavement of the 
same street, from Court to Newbury street, was 
completed in 1792. Liberty and Neptune streets 
were paved in 1799. 

The North church (North street) was built in 
in 1773, and the Tabernacle was built in 1777. 

This town was early engaged in an extensive 
commerce, which was the means of making her 
name known and her influence felt, in almost every 
portion of the world ; we need but to turn back a 
few pages of history to find her occupying a most 
enviable position. But she was too successful for 
her own welfare ; having become overladen with 
wealth, she ceased in a degree to put forth her en- 
ergies, and since the last war, her friends have been 
called to lament the general decline of her pros- 
perity and enterprise. Yet we trust the time is not 
far distant when, perhaps by some other path than 
that of commerce, she will again ascend as one 
of the brightest stars of the Union. 



SALEM. 233 

Salein is located in latitude 42^ 35' north, and 
in longitude 70"^ 47' west. The chief settlement 
is on a peninsula formed by two inlets of the sea, 
called North and South rivers. The town is 
bounded east by the harbor, southwest by Lynn, 
southeast by Marblehead, and northwest by Dan- 
vers. The whole township, including the islands, 
contains 5423 acres. The compact part of the 
town is about a mile and a half in length, and half 
a mile in width. North Fields, or those parts lying 
beyond North river, contain 49Q acres. South 
Fields, or those parts lying between South and 
Forest rivers, contain 600 acres. The easterly 
point of the township, called the Neck, contains 
146 acres. The lands in South and North Fields 
are in a good state of cultivation ; but those lying 
west of the principal settlement are rocky, and in- 
capable of that degree of culture desirable, though 
there are in this section one or two valuable farms. 

A few of the principal Islands belonging to 
the town, perhaps deserve something more than a 
general notice. Winter Island lies on the north 
side of the entrance to the harbor, and contains 
3S acres. Upon the eastern point. Fort Pickering 
is located. The naval ship Essex was built upon 
this island. Baker's Island, on which the light 
houses are erected, contains 55 acres. The lights 
were first shown on the night of the 3d of January, 
179S. Miserif (Great) contains 82 acres, and is at 
half tide joined to Little Misery, by a bar, then 
above water. Little Misery contains three acres, 
and lies opposite Baker's Island, making the 
northern side of the chinnel. Beside these, there 
are a few other small islands, lying near Marble- 
head, and about the entrance of the harbor. 

There are three ponds in the town. Spring 
15 



234 SALEM. 

Pond, on the bounds of Lynn, has a surface of 60 
acres, and is a beautiful sheet of water. The ad- 
jacent scenery is of the most romantic character, 
and to the lover of nature will well repay a sum- 
mer morning's visit. There are also two ponds 
near the Marblehead line, called Coy Pond and 
Deep Pond, 



POPULATION. 

In 1632, the number of families in Salem did not 
exceed 40 ; in 1638, there were about 900 inhabitants ; 
in 1()77, Beverly having been set off nine years beforej 
there were about 1,400 inhabitants ; in 1733, about 
5,000; in 1762, 4,123, Danvers having been incor- 
porated five years before ; in 1765, 4,427 ; in 1786, 
6,700 ; in 1790, 7,921 ; in 1800, 9,457 ; in 1810, 
12,613; in 1820, 12,731 ; in 1830, 13,886. 

Ratable Polls, 3,194. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Joseph (^loutman. 

Town Treasurer — Jonathan Hodges. 

Selectmen — Perley Putnam, Nehemiah Brown, 
George Peabody, John Stone, Samuel Holman, Jr. 

Assessors — Samuel Holman, Jonathan Perley, 
James Ropes. 

Overseers of the Poor — David Perkins, Holten J. 
Breed, Robert Peele, Jr., Francis Peabody, John 
Bertram, Thomas Barker, Daniel Rugg, William 
Sutton, Joseph G. Waters. 

PHYSICIANS. 

Oliver Hubbard, Joseph Torrey, Samuel Johnson, 
Abel L. Pierson, George Choate, John G. Treadwell, 
Edward A. Holyoke, Benjamin Cox, Jr., Elisha 
Quimby, Nathaniel Peabody, (dentist) A. J. Bellows, 
Horatio Robinson. 



SALEM. 235 

LAWYERS. 

Leveret Saltonstall, Benjamin Merrill, John G. 
King, Larkin Thorndike, Solomon S. Whipple, 
Ebenezer Shillaber, Joseph G. Waters, Asahel Hun- 
tington, Stephen P. Webb, David Roberts, George 
Wheatland, Nathaniel J. Lord, Charles A. Andrew, 
Francis H. Silsbee, George H. Devereux, John S. 
Williams, Joseph H. Prince, Jonathan C. Perkins. 

POLICE COURT. 

Judge. — Elisha Mack. 

Special Justices. — Ezekiel Savage, Joseph G. Wa- 
ters. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND QUORUM. 

Moses Tovvnsend, John Punchard, John Prisice, Jr. 
Ezekiel Savage, Benjamin Merrill, Leveret Salton- 
stall, Daniel A. White, Amos Choate, D.L. Pickman, 
John G. King, Joseph Winn, Elisha Mack, John 
Saunders, Jonalhan P. Saunders, Frederick Howes, 
Joseph G. Waters, Ralph H. French, Solomon S. 
Whipple, Asahel Huntington. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 

Henry Elkins, G. S. Johonnot, Samuel Ropes, 
Larkin Thorndike, Jonathan Hodges, William Story, 
John W. Treadvvell, David Putnam, Thomas Need- 
ham, Stephen C. Phillips, E. Shillaber, John Russell, 
Humphrey Devereux, Warwick Palfray, Jr., Perley 
Putnam, Joseph G. Sprague, William Mansfield, E. 
Hersey Derby, Stephen P. Webb, David Roberts, 
Nathaniel J. Lord, George Wheatland, Oliver Carl- 
ton, Nathaniel West, John S. Williams. 

NOTARIES PUBLIC. 

Ezekiel Savage, John Punchard, Jonathan P. 
Saunders, Joseph G. Waters, Stephen P. Webb, 
Joseph Cloutman. 

DEPUTY SHERIFF AND CORONERS. 

Deputy Sheriff. — Nehemiah Brown. 



236 



Coroners. — John Punchard, Tl'omas Needham, 
Nehemiah Brown. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Church. — Unitarian Congregational. This 
church was organized on the 6th of August 1629, 
(O. S.) and was the first Protestant church formed in 
the new world. The brethren worshipping at Ply- 
mouth belonged to a church which remained at Ley- 
den, and are su|)posed not to have established them- 
selves as a distinct church until after the formation of 
this at Salem. The church was erected on the broad 
principles of Protestantism, the original covenant 
consisting of these words: "We covenant with our 
Lord, and one with another ; and we do bind our- 
selves in the presence of God, to walk together in all 
his ways, according as he is pleased to reveal himself 
unto us." Six years afterward the covenant was en- 
larged and renewed ; and this second covenant has 
generally been quoted as the original one; but the 
error was very recently discovered by Rev. S. M. 
Worcester, of the Tabernacle church. Present place 
of worship, a brick edillce, on Higginson Square. 
Senior pastor, John Prince. Junior pastor, Charles 
W. Upham. The succession of pastors follows : 
Settled 

1629 Francis Higginson, 
1629 Samuel Skeiton, 
1631 Roger Williams, 
1636 Hugh Peters, 
1640 Edward Norris, 
1660 John Higffinson, 
1683 Nicholas Noyes, 
1714 George Curwen, 
1718 Samuel Fiske, 
1736 John Sparhawk, 
1755 Thomas Barnard, 
1772 Asa Dunbar, 
1779 John Prince, 
1824 Charles W. Upham, St J hns. 

The above list contains some names which will ever 



Native Place. 


Died or Res 


England, 


1630 


England, 


1634 


Wales, 


1635 


Fowey, Eng. 


1641 


England, 


1658 


England, 


1708 


Newbury, 


1717 


Salem, 


1717 


Braintree, 


1735 


Bristol, 


1755 


Andover, 


1776 


Bridgewater, 


1779 


Boston, 





SALEM. 237 

be bright u|)on the historical pMjfe of iheir tunes. 
Roger Williams hihI his successor, Hujrh Peters, 
were men who-e influence wiis felt n')t only runong 
the rude settlements upon the American shore, bur in 
the councils of Euroj)e. VViHi;ims the reader well 
knows, was banished Troin the New Eiijiand settle- 
ments on account of certain Oj)inii)ns which he cher- 
ished, and sought ref.Jge beyond the colonial jurisdic- 
tion. Stronur indeed tn ist have been his reliance 
upon the truid mce ami protecti )n of his Gil, vvlien 
he took his way thron-^h the wilderness, the storn^ of 
winter howlin:^ aronn I him, to jiitch hi-i tent i i the 
country of the N irr i^nn-iet-:, l)^yo;id the h );»e of 
succor or sytntiathy ; and wliat <Mn we imairine ro 
have been his ftieiinz^, when, a short ti n-* afn'rward, 
on the occasion of f »undi is; a church from rhe little 
band who had f )ll )wed (o attend on hi-; ministr iti ons, 
in the fulness of his heart, he ^^ave utterance to these 
words : " The Providence of G »d hath found out a 
place for us am;)n!r the savages, where we may 
peaceably worship God accordini; to our con-<;ci"iices, 
a privilege whi(;h hi^li been denied ns in all c|i;i-:fi in 
countries where we have ever been." " In S inti," 
says Bentley, "every j)erson loved Mr Willi ims. 
He had no personal enemies mnler any pretencf- \ll 
valued his friendship." And the name of Pet<r-: is 
equally celel)rale I. i le was a m m o stro!i<f iienral 
powers which were ever directe !, with the irrearest 
ardor, towards the iccomfilishment of any oliject of 
which his jmlgmenl, approved, and Sir Feru^ttdo 
Gorges, speaks of hi;n as a " f imons servant of 
Christ." His end was tragical ; he suffered as one of 
the rejficides after the re-^toration. 

Episcopal CAwrcA. — Gathered in 1629 ?> 
place of worship, a st(me edifi(*e, i»n 8r Perer, 
of Brown Street. Rector, J )hn A. Vanjrh an. 
was the first E[)iscopal church coiistifnrr>d ii; 
England. 

Friejids. — Organized 1657. Place of w. 
corner of Pine and Warren Street-;. 

East Church. — Unitarian Congregatiotsal. 



^ >t 

) Mer 


r is 


."'^eW 


•.hip, 


Ci:ah- 



238 SALEM. 

ered, Nov. 14, 1718. Place of worship, eastern part 
of Essex Street. Pastor, James Flint ; settled, 1821. 

Tabernacle. — Orthodox Congregational. Consti- 
tuted, 1735. Place of worship, Court, corner of 
Marlhorough Street. Pastor, Samuel M. Worcester. 
Mr Worcester was settled Dec. 3, 1834. 

North Church. — Unitarian Congregational. Or- 
ganized July 19, 1772. Place of worship, a stone 
edifice on Essex, near North Street. Pastor, John 
Brazer. Mr Brazer was settled Nov. 14, 1820. 

South Church. — Orthodox Congregational. Formed 
Feh. 15, 1775. Place of worship, Chesnut Street. 
Pastor, Brown Emerson. Mr Emerson was settled 
April 24, 1805. 

Howard Street Church. — Orthodox Congregational. 
Formed as Presbyterian, 1802 ; changed to Congre- 
gational, April 21, 1828. Place of worship, Howard 
Street. Pastor, George B. Cheever. Mr Cheever 
was settled Feb. 13, 1833. 

First Baptist. — Organized 1804. Place of worship, 
Marlborough Street. Pastor. John Wayland. 

Christian. — Organized 1806. Place of worshipy 
Herbert Street. Pastor, William Andrew. 

XJniversalist. — Place of worship. Rust Street ; 
dedicated, June 22, 1809. Pastor, Lemuel Willis. 
Mr Willis was installed March 25, 1829. 

>S'^ Mary's, — Roman Catholic. Organized 1810. 
Place of worship. Mall, corner of Forrester Street ; 
built 1821. Priest, John D.Brady. Mass celebrated 
daily. 

Methodist. — Place of worship Sewall Street. Pa.s- 
tor, J. Downing. 

Independent. — Unitarian Congregational. Organ- 
ized 1824. Place of worship, Barton Square. Pastor, 
James W. Thompson. Mr Thompson was settled 
March 7, 1832. 

Second Baptist. — Organized, 1826. Place of wor- 
ship, St Peter Street. Pastor, Joseph Banvard. 

Cromhie Street Church. — Orthodox Congregational. 
Formed May 3, 1832. Pastor, William Williams. 
Mr Williams was settled at the fortnation of the 
church. 



SALEM. 239 

BetheL^Ferhaps we should mention in this con- 
nexion, the Seamen's Bethel, which is located on 
Derby Street, and supported by the Moral Society. 
The preacher at present stationed there is Rev. Mr 
Carlton. 

BANKS. 

{The discounts are not confined to particular days.] 

Salem Bank — Essex Street. Capital, $:250.000. 
President, George Peabody. Cashier, Charles M. 
Endicott. Directors, Joseph Peabody, George Pea- 
body, Daniel A. White, Benjamin Merrill, Thomas 
P. Bancroft, Charles M. Endicott, William Stickney. 

Merchants Bank.— Essex Street. Capital ^400,- 
000. President, John VV. Tread well. Cashier, 
Francis H. Silsbee. Directors, John W. Tread well, 
Jose|)h Winn, Zach. F. Silsbee, Nathaniel Silsbee, 
Jr., S. C. Phillips, D. Cummins, Benjamin Cox. 

Exchange Bank. — Essex Street. Capital, $200,000. 
President, Gideon Tucker. Cashier, John Ciiad- 
wick. Directors, George Cleveland, Nathaniel Sal- 
tonstall, John C. Lee, George H. Devereux. 

Commercial Bank. — Central Street. Capital, $200,- 
000. President, William Sutton. Cashier, Edward 
H. Payson. Directors, Philip Chase, John Stone, 
Samuel Brooks, Edward Stanley, Caleb Smith, John 
Bertram, Moses Black, Joseph G. Waters. 

Asiatic Bank.— Essex Street. Capital, $200,000. 
President, Thomas P. Pingree. Cashier, William 
H. Foster. Directors, N. W. Neal, R. Brookhouse, 
J. B. Osgood, David Moore, Nathan Endicott, 
George Wheatland, G. G. Newhall, J. F. Allen. 

Mercantile Bank.— Cex\iY^\ Street. Capital, $200,- 
000. President, David Putnam. Cashier, Stephen 
Webb. Directors, Joel Bowker, Stephen Fogg, 
Larkin Thorndike, Pvam Dodge, Samuel Chamber- 
lain, P. E.Webster, William Ball, Henry Grant. 

Naumkeag Bank. — Essex Street. Capital, $200,- 
000. President, David Pingree. Cashier, Joseph 
G. S,irague. Directors, Benjamin Fabens, Henry 
Whipple, George West, Richard Savary, John Nor- 



240 SALEM. 

ris, Henry Cook, Benjamin W. Stone, Stephen W. 
Shepard, Jonas Warren, Philip R. Southvvick. 

Bank of General Interest. — Central Street. Capi- 
tal, $200,000. President, John Russell. Cashier, 
William H. Russell. Directors, P. LFarnham, Jon- 
athan Holman, Caleb Foote, John W. Fenno, John 
Russell, Charles Treatlwell. 

Savings Bank. — Central Building. This institu- 
tion was incorporated in 1818. Open every Wednes- 
day, from 12 o'clock, M. till 1, P. M., except on the 
third Wednesday of every month, when it is open 
from 11 till 1. Sums as low as, dollar are received 
in deposit. The rate of interest allowed is four })er 
cent, and every five years the snrj)lus interest, after 
deducting the necessary expenses of the institution, 
is divided among the depositors. The annual meet- 
ing is on the third Wednesday of January. Dej)Osits 
are received from residents of Salem, Marblehead, 
Beverly, Danvers and Lynn. President, Joseph 
Pealjody. Treasurer, Daniel Bra}^ 

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 

Salem Jl/^/rme.— Essex Street. Capital, $200,000 
President, Frederick Howes. Secretary, Edward 
Seccomb. 

Union Marine — Essex Street. Capital, $100,000. 
President, Moses Townsend. Secretary, William 
Sage. 

Commercial— F^^^ex Street. Capital, $200,000. 
President, George Cleaveland. Secretary, William 
Cleaveland. 

Oriental. — Fire and Marine. Essex Street. Caj)- 
ital, $200,000. President, Nathan Endicott. Secre- 
tary, Nathan Peirce, Jr. 

Essex. — Fire and Marine. Essex Street. Capital, 
$100,000 President, Ch'dvlesTve-ddweU. Secretary, 
Willianj H. Foster. 

Essex Mutual. — (Fire.) Court Street. President, 
George Nichols. Secretary, John H. Nichols. 

SCHOOLS. 

The public schools are as follows : 1 Latin Gram- 



SALEM. 



241 



mar, about 45 scholars. Teacher's salary, $1000. 
1 Entrlish Hi^h School, about 70 scholars. Teacher's 
salary, $1000. 6 Eiij^lish Schools, averaginjn: 80 
scholars aj)iece, each teacher's salary, $600. 1 Eng- 
lish School for colored children, of both sexes, 50 
scholars, teacher's salary, $(;00. 2 High Schools for 
girls, 137 scholars each, teachers' salaries, $600. 7 
Primary Schools, female teachers, salaries, $150. 

The whole amount paid by the town for the last 10 
years has averaged, $10 500 per annum. 

Private Schools. — There are in all 47 private schools, 
in which 500 males nd 792 females were instructed 
last year. Some of these schools are of very high 
standing. The whole amount paid for private in- 
struction, was $20,672 ; averaging $16 per scholar. 

LIBRARIES. 

Salem Athenaium. — Incorporated, 1810. Number 
of volumes 7,500. 

Essex Circulating Library. — Established 1816. 
Kept by John M. Jves, Essex Street. Number of 
volumes, 3000. 

A Circulating Library, kept by Hannah Harris, Es- 
sex Street, 3000 volumes. 

.Salem Mechanic xVssociation's Library, formed ia 
1822, 750 volumes. 

Colman's Circulating Library, Essex Street, 500 
volumes. 

The Essex Historical Society, located in this town, 
have a small hv.^ valuable library, at their Room over 
Salem Bank. 

Besides the above there are many libraries of less 
note, attached to different societies and churches. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The Board of Engineers, who have the entire 
charge of the whole fire department, consists of the 
following gentlemen : Williiim Sutton, David Pulsi- 
fer, Jr., Nathaniel Weston, William Peele, Thomas 
P^lrless, Samuel W. Stickney, Benjamin P. Chamber- 
lain. 



^4*3 SALEM. 

There are nine Engines, all in good condition, viz t 

No. 1, Reliance, 250 feet of leading hose, 12 buckets, 
2 torches, 5 pair of s|)anners, 2 axes. Place of 
deposit, Essex Street, near East meetinghouse. 

No. 2, Rapid, 15 feet of suction hose, 200 feet of lead- 
ing hose, II buckets, 3 torches, 5^ pair of s{)an- 
ners, 1 axe. Place of deposit, Bath Street, 
near Franklin building. 

No. 3, Federal, 13;! feet of suction hose, 200 feet of 
leading hose, 12 buckets, 4 torches, 4 pair of 
spanners, 2 axes. Place of deposit, S. Salem, 
corner Lafayette and South Streets. 

No. 4, Lafayette, 15 feet of suction hose, 100 feet of 
leading hose, 4 buckets, 2 torches, 3 pair of 
spanners, 2 axes. Place of deposit, Market 
Wharf. 

No. 5, Essex, 15 feet of suction hose, 240 feet of lead- 
ing hose, 12 buckets, 1 torch, 3 pair of span- 
ners, 2 axes. Place of deposit. Court Street, 
near Hay Scales. 

No. 6, Pennsylvania, 18 feet of suction hose, 250 feet 
of leading hose, 12 buckets, 6 torches, 6 pair 
of spanners, 2 axes. Place of deposit, Beck- 
ford Street. 

No. 7, Adams, 17 feet of suction hose, 200 feet of 
leading hose, \2 buckets, 2 torches, 8 pair of 
spanners, 1 axe. Place of deposit, Boston 
Street, near town bridge. 

No. 8, Active, 15 feet of suction hose, 180 feet of 
leading hose, 12 buckets, 2 torches, 2 pair of 
spanners, 1 axe. Place of deposit, North 
Salem. 

No. 9, Exchange, 12 feet of suction hose, 203 feet of 

leading hose, 12 buckets, 2 torches, 3 pair of 

spanners, 2 axes. Place of deposit. Bridge 

Street, near the centre. 

One Hose Company, with 550 feet of leading hose j 

2 hose carriages ; 8 torches ; 12 pair of spanners ; 

place of deposit. Market Wharf. 

One Hook and Ladder Company, with 1 carriage •, 

Bladders; 3 hooks; 1 torch and 2 axes; place of 

deposit, Court Street, near the Hay Scales. 



SALEM. 243 



SAIL CARRIAGES. 



No. 1, Essex Street, near East Meetinghouse, 1 car- 
riage, 5 sails, 1 hook, 1 hidder, 1 torch. 
No. 2, Court Street, near Hay Scales, 1 carnage, 5 

sails, 2 hooks, 1 ladder, 1 torch. 
No. 3, Boston Street, near town bridge, 1 carriage, 5 
sails, 2 hooks, 1 ladder, 2 torches. 

Engine No. 1, is a receiving engine, taking its sta- 
tion near the fire. Engines No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 
9, take their stations at the fountains. Firewards 
and Directors assigned to these Engines, immediately 
cause the hose to be extended towards the fire ; and if 
no engine should be there to receive the water, they 
play on the fire until otherwise ordered by the engi- 
neers. 

Engines No. 5, 7, and 8, together with sail carriage 
No. 3, are designated to attend the alarm of fire at 
Danvers. 

Engines No. 2, 5, 8, and 9, together with sail car- 
riage No. 2, to attend the alarm of fire in Beverly. 

Engines No. 2, and 3, to attend the alarm of fire 
in Marblehead, with the hose attached to each engine. 

Engine No. 6, is to be desjiatched for Boston, in 
case of a requisition of its services. 

MILITARY. 

Salem Light Infantry. — George H. Devereux, Cap- 
tain. 

Mechanic Light Infantry. — Captain^ James Cham- 
berlain. Lieutenant, James Kimball. Ensign, Jona- 
than L. Kimball. 

Salem Artillery. — Captain, Robert Kimball. First 
Lieutenant, Stephen Whittemore. Second Lieutenant^ 
Samuel C. Putnam. 

The Salem Independent Cadets are located in this 
town; they form a divisionary corps, and are spoken 
of as they occur in the division. 

Besides the above there are four companies of In 
fantry of the line. 



244 



SHIPPING, CUSTOM HOUSE OFFICERS, ETC. 

The district of Salem includes Beverly. Custom 
house, Derby street, opposite Derby wharf. 

Tonnage. — The tonnage of the district is 34,906 
tons. 

Number and Description of Vessels. — Ships, 30; 
barks, 12; brigs, 70; schooners, 124; sloops, 14. 

OFFICERS. 

Collector — James Miller. 

Naval Officer — John Swasey, 

Surveyor — Joseph Noble. 

Deputy Collector — William W. Oliver. 

Deputy JVaval Officer — Z. Burchmore, jr. 

Weighers and Guagers — Perley Putnam, William 
Story, Jonathan Holman, Thomas West. 

Measurer — John Saunders. 

Inspectors — William Lee, James Cheever, Henry 
Prince, Cyrus Chase, Stephen Burchmore, William 
Webb, John Ingersoll, VVilliam Allen, Henry Tib- 
bets, Joseph Jones, Eben Slocum, Devereux Dennis. 

Boatmen — Robert Peele, William Tozzer. 

Surveyor, (Beverly) — Aaron Foster. 

Inspector, (Beverly) — Jonathan H. Lovett. 

WATCHMEN. 

Captain, Robert Barr. 

John Allen, Joseph Wheeler, Nathaniel Swan, 
Samuel Abbott, Benjamin Proctor, George Berry, 
Nathaniel Berry. 

Joseph Grant, late caj)tain of the watch, performed 
his nightly rounds for sixteen successive years. 

PUBLIC HOUSES. 

Lafayette Coffee House, Essex street — Josej>h S. 
Leavitt. 

Mansion House, Essex street. West place — -Joseph 
S. Leavitt, by assistant. 

Salem Hotel, Essex street — Thomas Nurs, 

Salem Caravansary, on old Boston road — J. W. 
Chapman. 



SALEM. 245 

NEWSPAPERS. 

Salem Gazette. This is the oldest paper in the 
county. Commenced 1773; in politics, whig; pub- 
lished every Tuesday and Friday morning, by Foote 
Sc Chisholm, at $4 per annum. Office, Holyoke 
place. 

Essex Register. Established in 1800; in politics, 
whig; published every Monday and Thursday morn- 
ing, by Falfray & Chapman, at $4 per annum. Of- 
fice, Central Building. 

Salem Observer. Established 1822; in politics, neu- 
tral; published every Saturday morning, by W. & S. 
B. Ives, at $2 per annum. Office, Essex, corner of 
Court street. 

Salem Mercury. Established 1831 ; in politics, whig; 
published every Wednesday morning, by Foote &t 
Chisholm, at $1 25 per annum. Office, Holyoke 
place. 

Commercial Advertiser. Established 1832; in pol- 
itics, democratic; published every Wednesday morn- 
ing, by Palfray & Cook, at $2 per annum. Office, 
Central Building. 

Landmark. — Established 1834. This paper is of an 
orthodox religious character, and in some degree 
assumes a political character. Published every Wed- 
nesday and Saturday morning, by Ferdinand Andrews, 
at $4 00 per annum. Office, Essex, corner of Lib- 
erty street. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Superintendant of Farm — John Day. 

Treasurer, General Agent and C/erfe— Joel Powers. 

This establishment is under excellent management. 
Average number of inmates, 140. A school is kept 
throughout the year, for the instruction of the chil- 
dren, and religious services are performed every Sab- 
bath. 

TOWN PUMPS. 

2 in English street, near Derby street. 

1 in Derby, near Turner street. 

2 in " " the Custom house. 
2 in Essex, near Herbert street. 



246 SALEM. 

2 in Neptune, near Elm street. 

2 in Liberty street, near the centre. 

2 foot of Central street. 

2 in Derby square. 

2 in Washington, corner of Essex street. 

2 in Bridge, near Pleasant street. 

2 in East, near Essex street. 

2 in Essex, near Daniels street. 

2 in Bath, near Newbury street. 

2 in Brown, near Winter street. 

2 in St Peter, near Brown Street. 

2 in Marlborough street, near Court house. 

1 in South Salem, near corner of Peabody street. 

2 in South Salem, near Putnam's store. 
2 in Mill, near Norman street. 

2 in High street, near the centre. 

1 in Crombie street, near the centre. 

2 in Essex, near Sumrner street. 
2 " " Hamilton street. 
2 " " Flint street. 

2 in Essex street, near BufFum's corner. 

1 in Sewall street, near the centre. 

2 in North Salem. 

2 in Federal, near North street. 

2 " " Beckford street. 

2 " " Dean street. 

2 in Boston, near Federal street. 

2 in Boston street, near C. Smith's store. 

POST OFFICE. 

The gross amount of postage accruing for the year 
ending July 5, 1835, was ^7,231 76. 

Office hours, from 7, A. M., till 1, P. M.; from 2i 
till 8, P. M. 

Postmaster, Ebenezer Putnam. 

As the mail arrangement is essentially altered at 
different seasons, it was thought best to omit the arri- 
vals and departures. 

STREETS. 

The streets of this town run somewhat irregularly; 
which circumstance renders it impossible to state ex- 



SALEM, 247 

actly the location and course of each, in reference to 
the points of the compass; but the following general 
directions may be found sufficient for most pur[)oses. 

Essex, the most noted street, runs directly through 
the town, from the turnpike to Collins's cove, wind- 
ing very much in its course, though that portion be- 
tween North and Newbury streets is very nearly east 
and west. 

Streets lying south of Essex and west of Summer 
street. — Warren, Flint, Green, Circus, Pine, Broad, 
Chesnut, Pickering, Cambridge. Summer street runs 
from Essex, opposite North, in a southerly direction. 

Streets lying west of North street, between Essex 
street and North river. — Dean, Carpenter, Munroe, 
Lynn, River, Andover, Goodhue, Aborn, Beckford, 
Federal. North street runs from Essex street over 
North Bridge. 

Boston street runs from the head of Essex street to 
Danvers. May street lies nearly opposite the head 
of Essex street. 

Between Summer and Washington streets. — High, 
Creek, Norman, Crombie, Barton square. Wash- 
ington street runs south from Essex, opposite Court. 
Mill street commences at the south end of Washing- 
ton, and sweeps round toward South Salem. 

Between North and Court streets. — Sewall, Lynde, 
Marlborough. Court street runs from Forrester to 
Essex street. Forrester street runs along the margin 
of North River, from North to Bridge street. 

Between Washington and Central streets. — Short, 
Front; Higginson square, Derby square. Central 
street runs from Essex to the corner of Front street, 
and there meets Lafayette street, which leads over 
South Bridge. 

Between Court and St Peter streets. — Rust, Ash, 
County, Church; Jeffrey court is on the north side of 
Court street, near the Court house. St Peter street 
runs from Forrester to Essex street. 

Between Central and Union streets. — Fish, Charter, 



248 SALEM. 

Vine, Water, Liberty, Elm, Walnut, Neptune. 
Union «treet run.> from Essex, nearly opposite Frank- 
lin building, to Derby street. 

Derby street, on the south of Essex, commences at 
the south end of Neptune, and runs, nearly parallel 
with Essex, to the Neck gate. 

Between St Peter and Pleasant streets. — Brown, How- 
ard, Newbury, Williams, Mall, Oliver, Winter, Bath. 
Pleasant street runs from Essex, along the ea^t side 
of the Common (or Washington square) to Bridge 
street. 

Bridge street commences at the termination of For- 
rester street, near the Roman Catholic church, and 
runs to Beverly bridge. 

Streets i-mming from Pleasant cast of Essex. — East, 
Briggs, Andrew, Pickman, Spring. 

Streets on the ivest of Bridge street. — Northey, Lemon, 
Saunders, March. 

Between Union and Hardy streets. — Herbert, Curtis, 
Orange, DaHels. Hardy street runs from Essex 
(East churt'ti being on the corner) to Derby street. 

Between Hardy street and JVeck gate. — Turner, Carl- 
ton, Becket, English, Webb, Allen. 

Streets in South Salem. — A part of Lafayette, leading 
from the bridge, Peabody, Harbor, Dow, Salem, 
South, Pond. 

Streets in JSforth Salem. — A ])art of North, leading 
from the bridge; Mason, leading towards Paradise; 
and several others not named. 

It may be mentioned that there are a number of 
streets here and there, particularly in the outskirts of 
the town, without names. 

NEWS A.ND REAIING ROOMS. 

East India Marine Hall Room — Kept in the East 
India Marine Building. 

JVew England Room — Essex, corner of Liberty 
street. 

fVhig Room — Holyoke place. 

Democratic Room — Central building. 



SALEM. 
BY LAWS. 

The following extracts from the By Laws of the 
town it is thought may prove useful to many. 

Bonfires. It is ordered — That no person or per- 
sons shall make any bonfire, or set on fire any wood, 
straw, shavings, or other combustible matter, by night 
or by day, in any street, lane, alley or yard, in this 
town, under the penalty of three dollars for every such 
oftence. Provided, nevertheless, that this order shall 
not be understood or intended to prevent any mechanic 
or other person from kindling such fire near his house 
or shop, at any tinje during the daylight only, as 
may be absolutely necessary in his occupation: and 
provided also, that some suilal)le person watch the 
same while it shall continue burning. 

^^shcs, how to be kept. It is ordered — That no per- 
son shall keep any ashes in vessels made of wood; 
under the penalty of two dollars for every such offence. 

Regulations as to Gunpowder. It is ordered — That 
no person or persons shall keep in any dwelling house, 
shop, store, or other building, occup'ed by him or 
them, in this town, more than twentyii e pounds of 
gunpowder, which quantity shall be kept in a tin or 
eopj)er cannister, with a secure top; under the penalty 
of Jive dollars for every such offence. 

Fire-Ladders. It is ordered — That no person shall 
take from its place of deposit any fire-ladder, without 
permission from the chairman or committee of the 
firewards of this town, or from the society or persons 
to whom such' ladder may belong; under the penalty 
of three dollars for every such offence. 

Fire not to be carried open, S^c. It is ordered — That 
no person or persons shall carry fire from any house 
or place within this town, to any other house or place 
within the same, except in some vessel which shall 
secure the fire from being driven about by the wind, 
or scattered; under the penalty of fifty cents for every 
such offence. 

Against smoking in the streets. It is ordered — That 
no person shall smoke any pipe or cigar in any street, 
highway, lane or public building, in this town, by day 
16 



250 SALEM. 

or by night; under the penalty of three dollars for 
every such offence. 

Lighted candles. It is ordered — That no person or 
persons shall carry a lighted candle or lan)j» into any 
rofjcwalk, twine or line manufactory, harn or stable, in 
this town, unless in a tight lanthorn; under the pen- 
alty o^Jive dollars for every such offence. 

Guns and Pistols not to he fired. It is ordered — That 
no person shall fire any gun or pistol charged with 
ball or shot, within half a mile of the conjpact part of 
this town, in a direction whereby the lives of any of 
the inhabitants being in such part of the town may be 
endangered; under the penalty of two dollars for every 
such offence. And no person shtdl fire any gun or 
pistol within the limits of the town after sunset, under 
a penalty oi' tiiio dollars for every such offence. 

Foot-ball. It is ordered — That no person shall play 
at foot-ball, or any other ball, beat any hoop, throw- 
any stone, brickbat or snow-ball, in any of the streets, 
lanes or alleys of this town; under the penalty of one 
dollar for every such offence; which penalty shall be 
paid by the parent or guardian of the jjerson offend- 
ing, when such person shall be under age. 

Horses not to be let loose, S^c. It is ordered — That 
no horse or horse kind shall be turned out loose, or 
suffered to go at large, or go to water, in this town, 
without a suitable person to lead him; under a {)en- 
alty of one dollar for every such offence, to be paid by 
the owner thereof. 

Manner of driving Carts, Carriages, ^c. It is or- 
dered—That no ox cart, wagon of burthen, trucks or 
sled, drawn either by horses or cattle, or partly by 
each, shall be suffered to pass through any of the 
streets lanes or alleys of this town, but at a footpace, 
or common walk, nor without a sufficient driver, who 
during such passage shall keep with such cart, wagon, 
trucks or sled, and carefully observe and attend to 
such methods as may best serve to keep such horse, 
horses, or cattle under proper command: and if such 
cart, wagon, trucks or sled be drawn by horses, the 
driver shall constantly keep by the head of the thill or 



SALEM. 251 

hindmost horse or horses; and if (h'awn by one horse 
only, then he shall constantly keep by the head of 
such horse, or shill always keep in his hand a halter 
fastened to the head of such thill or hindmost horse, 
or such snigle horse, in such manner as to give him 
full commjind of such horse or horses: or he may be 
in the carriage drawn by such horses; in which case, 
he shall have a bridle with bits in the mouth or mouths 
of the horse or horses drawing the same, with reins 
fastened to said bits in such manner as to give the 
driver full command of such horse or horses; on pen- 
alty of forfeiting two dollars for every such offence. 

And it is further ordered — That no person riding or 
driving faster than a walk, shall turn short round the 
corner of any street, lane or alley; under the penalty 
of one dollar for every such offence. 

./igainsl Rudeness and Disorder in the Streets. It is 
ordered — That whosoever shall assemble with others 
in a (Jisdrderly manner, in any street or near any 
dwelling house in this town, or who shall insult any 
person within the town, or be guilty of rude or disor- 
derly behavior, or use indecent or profme language 
in any street or near any dwelling house in this town, 
to the annoyance or disturbance of any of the inhab- 
itants thereof', shall forfeit and pay the sum of Jive dol- 
lars for every such offence, to be recovered by com- 
plaint or information to a justice of the peace; one 
moiety to the use of the poor of the town, and the 
other to the use of the person who shall inform or 
prosecute for the same. 

And it is further ordered — That it shall be the duty 
of the inspectors of police, and constables of the town 
to com[)lain and give information on oath to some 
justice of the peace, of all breaches of this By Law; 
to order all persons who shall be asseml)led as afore- 
said, or who shall commit any of the offences afore- 
said in their presence, to disperse, and if they shall 
refuse or neglect so to do, then to apprehend such as 
he shall judge to be the principal offenders, and carry 
the same forthwith before some justice of the peace, 
and give information to him on oath, of the offence 
committed by such person or persons. 



252 



Prosecutions. It is ordered — That all prosecutions 
for offences against the By Laws and orders of the 
said town, shall be commenced within one year from 
the commission of the offence, and not afterwards. 

STAGES. 
FOR BOSTON. 

Salem and Boston Stage Company, — Seats taken at 
Lafayette Coffee House, Salem Hotel, at the olBce 
in Court Street, or at the office in AVest Place. Wil- 
liam Manning, J)gent. Leaving every day except 
Sunday, and returning the saine day : 3 at 7, A. M. ; 
2 at half past 7 ; 1 at 8 ; 1 at 9 ; 1 at 10 ; 1 at 2, P. 
M. ; 1 at2i ; 1 at 4. On Sunday 1 at 4, P.M. The 
hours, as here stated, are in accordance with the gen- 
eral arrangement ; but for some weeks, during the 
shortest da}s of winter, the times for starting are 
half an hour later. In addition to these, intermediate 
stages run, say 4 per day, on week days. 

Osborn's Line.— Office, Essex Street, nearly op- 
posite the Market. One, daily, except Sunday, start- 
ing at 7, A. M.,and returning in the afternoon. 

Eastern Line. — The stages of the great eastern 
line )>ass through this town, leaving the Coffee House 
as follows : half past 10, A. M. ; half past 2, P. M. ; 
half past 3, P. M ; 4 and 6, P. M. ; and rarely a day 
passes without two or more extras. 

FOR OTHER PLACES. 

Beside the Boston Stages, there are many others, 
running to every section of the county, seats in 
which may be taken at the Coffee House, or Hotel. 
The Gloucester stage, through Beverly and Manches- 
ter, leaves the Coffee House^at 1, P. M , daily. The 
Lynn stage leaves forenoon and afternoon. The 
Marblehead stage, also forenoon and afternoon. 
About ten or twelve stages pass daily on the eastern 
route, &c. &.C. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES, ETC. 

Salem Moral Society. — Organized 1819. The ob- 
ject of this society is the moral and religious instruc- 



SALEM. 253 

tion of the poor. Their funds are employed in the 
estal)lishment of Sabbath and other schools, in the 
suj)port of aijents to preach the gospel, and in the 
distribution of Bibles, Testaments and religious tracts. 
The Bethel, on Derby Street, is supported by this 
Society. A Sabbath School is attached to the Bethel, 
comprising about 80 scholars. 

President, Joseph G. Sprague. Vice President, 
William Goodhue. Secretary, Samuel VV. Sfickney. 
Treasurer, Nathan Putnam. Managers, Eben Dodge, 
Nathaniel Appleton, Parker Brown, Elijah Porter, 
Joseph Hale, Albert J. Bellows, John M. Ives. 

Salem Lyceum. — Formed 1830. A course of lec- 
tures in the various de|»artments of literature and 
science are instituted every year by this association, 
and are well attended. 

President, Charles W. Upham. Vice President, 
A. L. Pierson. Recordins; Secretary, S. W. Stickney. 
Corresponding Secretary, William H. Brooks. Treas- 
urer, Henry VVhij^ple. Managers, Caleb Foote, Henry 
K. Oliver, Francis Peabody, Charles Lawrence, 
Thomas Spenser, Benjamin Cox, Jr., John A. 
Vaughan, Nathaniel Peabody, Oliver Carlton, Ed- 
ward A. Holyoke. 

Salem East India Marine Society. — Incorporated 
1801. This society is composed of persons who have 
actually navigated the seas beyond the Cape of Good 
Hope or Cai)e Horn, as masters or supercargoes of 
vessels belonging to Salem. Their objects are : To 
bestow charities on such widows and children of de- 
ceased members as need assistance : To collect such 
facts as may tend to the improvement and security of 
navigation : To form a museum of natural and arti- 
ficial curiosities. Their museum is now very valua- 
ble, containing many thousands of curi( sKies arranged 
in the most perfect order. Members have the privi- 
lege of introducing any friends or strangers whom 
they please, to the iTiuseum ; no admission fee being 
i-n any case required. 

President, William Fettyplace. Recording Secre- 



254 SALEM. 

tary, John F. Allen. Cor^ ondwg Secretary, Charles 
Lawrence. Treasurer, Joi.n B. Oscjood. 

Salem Marine Society. — This societ}' was instituted 
March 25, 1766, and was incorporated, 1771. They 
are proprietors of Franklin Buildinj^, which was pre- 
sented to thetn by Thomas Perkins, in 1830. Master, 
Samuel Cook. Treasurer, David Pingree. Clerk, 
Nathaniel Kniufht. 

East India Marine Hall Corporation, — Incorporated, 
June 7, 1824. They are proprietors of the East 
India Marine Hall Building. Directors, William H. 
Neal, Emery Johnson. C/erA;, John F. Allen. Treas- 
urer, John B. Osgood. 

Siilem Dispensary. — Incorporated, 1831. Object, to 
afford me<lical advice and relief to the sick poor of 
the town. Board of Managers — Joseph Pea body, 
President ; Henry VVhipple, Secretary and Treas- 
urer. Benjamin Pickman, Daniel A. While, William 
Dean, John Brazer, Abel L. Pierson, Gideon Bar- 
stow, Charles Lawrence, William Micklefield, P. I. 
Farnham. 

Marine Bible Society — for the District of Salem 
and Beverly. — Formed Sept. 1820. President, Par- 
ker Brown. Vice President, Michael Carl ion. 
Treasurer, Daniel Lang. Secretary, Henry Whipple. 

Bible Society of Salem and Fzcm^Y?/.— Incorporated, 
Feb. 1811. This society was instituted for the pur- 
pose of raising a fund, by voluntary contribution, to 
be appropriated in procuring Bibles and Testauients, 
to be distributed among those who are destitute of the 
sacred Scriptures, and cannot conveniently be sup- 
pliod witl^out the Ad i^^ others. President. T,r.vprpt 
Saltonstall. Secretary, John Brazer. Treasurer, 
John Slone. Trustees, Benjamin Pickman, Brown 
Emerson, S. C Phillips, S. M. Worcester. 

Naumkeag Fire Club. — Instituted for the purpose 
of rendering effective aid in protecting each others' 
property when endanj;ejed by fire. Number of 
niembers, 60. President, Benjamin F. Browne. 
Secretary, .loseph Chisholm. 

Young Men^s Temperance Society. — The object of 



SALEM. 255 

this Society Is indicated ' its title. President. S. C. 
Phillips. Secretary, Cli; i Lawrence. 

Seamen's Widow and Orphan Society- — This so- 
ciety is composed of ladies ; am! their ol)ject is the 
relief of the widows and orphans of deceased seamen. 
Tiicy hold annual sales of articles of their own tnan- 
uficiure, and the proceeds are devoted to the further- 
ance of their l)enevolent purposes. This is the 
society which hel.l the fair at Hamilton Hall, in 1833. 

Besides the societies here mentioned, there are a 
lari^e number, of less note ; such as those attached to 
the different reiij^ious conj^regacions, benevolent 
societies whose spheres of action are confined to par- 
ticularneighborhoods, &c. &.c. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Salejn Laboratory. — Incorporated, 1819. Capital, 
8150,000. At this establishtnent, which is located in 
North Fields, are manufactured srreat quantiti<\s of 
sequafortis, muriatic acid, or spirits of salt, oil of 
vitriol and alum. Of this last, frotii 800,000 to 
1,000,000 pounds are made annually. About 300,000 
pounds of salipetre are also refined aimually. Jlgent^ 
G^^. Nichols. Chemist and Suverintcndant, Joshua 
Upham. 

White Lead. — There are two white lead manufac- 
turing^ establishments, in South Salem, at wiiicu much 
business is done. I'o one of them is attached an 
India Rubber factory. 

Silem Iron Factory. — Tliis establishment is located 
in Danvers, and does business to the amount of !^400,- 
000 annually. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Tavahle Property. — The amount of taxable prop- 
erty is $8,2.50,000. 

Taxes.— The amount raised for town and county 
tax the current year is $40,391 31. 

Powder Magazine.— The. powder magazine, in 
Great Pasture, was built in 1799. Joseph Grant, is 
keeper. In this magazine, any citizen may store 



-I' 

256 SALEM. 

powder, free of all expense except the sruall fee for 
keeper's services. 

First Sabbath School— The first Sabbath School in 
this town was commenced in 1819, at North Fields. 

Salem Turnpike. — It may be stated as an inrerest- 
injy fact, that the stock of the Salem Turnpike and 
Chelsea Bridge Corporation yields at the present time 
a greater income than it has at any former period, 
notwithstanding the opening of the Forest River 
Road to Lynn, and the Winnesimmet Ferry from 
Chelsea to Boston. This may be ascribed to, the fact 
that the proj)rietors keep the load in such good re- 
pair, as to take more than sufficient from the general 
increase of travel to balance the loss by the Forest 
road and the Ferry. 

Town Expenses. — By the Treasurer's annual Re- 
port, it af)pears that the receipts of the town, from 
March 5, 1834, to March 9, 1835, amounted to $37,- 
205 35 ; tiie expenditures, during the same time 
amounted to t35,074 12; leaving a balance in the 
treasury, of $2,131 23. Three thousand doHars of 
the [)rincipal of the town debt, (included in the above 
amount of expenditures) had been })aid off during 
the year. The amount of orders paid, drawn by- 
Overseers of the Poor, for 1834, was $6,200 IS ; by 
the School Committee, $9,762 76 ; by the Fire De- 
partment, f 2,148 95 ; by the Board of Health, $478 
29 ; by the Selectmen, $8,576 03. 

Highest Land. — The highest land in Salem is 
LeiTir's Hill, on the south side of Forest River. 

Church Bells and Clocks. — There are six church 
bells in Salem. One on the East church, one on the 
Howard Street church, one on the Episcopal church, 
one on the Tabernacle church, one on the North 
church, and one on the South. There are two town 
clocks ; one on the East church and one on the North 
church. 

Distances from the Coffee House. — To Boston Post 
Office, over the turnpike, 14 miles, 7 furlongs and 19 
rods. To the same, by Forest River Road to Lynn 



257 



Hotel, and thence by the turnpike, 15 miles, 6 fur- 
lonirs, 23 rods. To the same, by the Old Road as far 
as Lynn Hotel, and thence by the turnpike, 16 miles, 
1 furlong, 24 rods. 

Mineral Spring. — The Lynn Mineral Sjiring, so 
called, is in^Salem ; but the Hotel attached to the 
same is in Lynn, the dividing line of the towns run- 
ning between the two. 

Salem Common. — This is a beautiful plot of 8 and 
a half acres, almost perfectly level, enclosed by a neat 
railing, bordered by a large number of elms, and 
traversed b}' gravel walks. 

Beverly Bridge. — The act incorporating the pro- 
prietors of Essex Bridge, passed November 17, 1787. 
This bridge, connecting Beverly with Salem, is 1484 
feet long, and 34 feet wide. It is built on 93 wooden 
piers, framed of oak timber and driven into the mud. 
Its direction from Beverly to Salem is south, five 
degrees west. It has a draw of two leaves for the 
passage of masted vessels. The first pier was driven 
in May, 1783, and the last on the 8th of September, 
of the same year, and it was opened for travel on the 
24th of the same month. The j)roprietors are au- 
thorized to receive toll for seventy years from this 
last date, when the bridge reverts to the Common- 
wealth. The })roprietors are required to i)ay the 
town of Salem forty pounds, and the town of Danvers 
ten pounds, annually. The stock is divided into 
200 shares, which now sell for much more than the 
original cost. The draw is raised for the passage of 
vessels about 300 times a year. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 1,505. 

Church Organs. — There are nine church organs ; 
one at each of the followingchurches : North church, 
South church. First Baptist, Tal)ernacle, Indepen- 
dent, First Church, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, East 
church. 



258 



SALISBURY. 

Salisbury is bounded north by New Hamp- 
shire, east by the ocean, south by the Merrimack, 
and west by Powow river, which separates it from 
Amesbury. It is thirtyfive miles northeast of Bos- 
ton, and is the oldest town in Massachusetts upon 
the north bank of the Merrimack. It was incor- 
porated Oct. 7, 1640, and its history embraces 
many interesting particulars. Several sessions of 
the General Court have been held here ; an im- 
portant sitting was had in 1737, for the purpose of 
settling the boundary between New Hampshire and 
Massachusetts; the legislature of New Hampshire 
sitting at Hampton, the adjoining town, at the same 
time. Amesbury was settled as a part of this town, 
in 1634, and called Salisbury New Town. In 
1662, John Wheelwright was settled as pastor of 
the church here. He was celebrated for the zeal 
with which he advocated the antinomian doctrines 
of Mrs Ann Hutchinson, who was a sister of his. 
He preached at Braintree soon after his arrival 
from England, which was on the 26th of May, 
1636, and was ordered to leave the jurisdiction of 
Massachusetts, on account of his sentiments. He 
retired, and founded Exeter, N. H. That place 
coming under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 
1642, he removed to Wells. In 1644, on making 
some concession, he was restored to the freedom 
of the colony ; was in England in 1658, a partisan 
of Cromwell, but returned to America, and settled 
here, as above. He died Nov. 15, 1679. Here, 
as in the neighboring places upon the Merrimack, 
ship building was formerly carried on to great ex- 
tent. In the Revolution, the continental frigate 
A ance was built at this place. 



SALISBURY. 259 

A tornado which took place in this vicinity, on 
the 1st of August, 1773, is thus described in a pub- 
lication of that period, 

" The tornado took its course from the east, first 
struck Salisbury point, and following the course of 
the Merrimack river, spread havoc before it for the 
space of a mile in width, extending to Haveriiiil. 
The devastation was almost beyond conception or 
description. Almost every house and building 
from Salisbury point to a quarter of a mile above 
Amesbury ferry, was levelled with the ground, up- 
rooted, or otherwise damaged. A Capt. Smith, 
who belonged to Beverly, was sitting in a sail 
maker's loft, at Amesbury, when the storm com- 
menced, and in a moment he and the whole btiild- 
ing were carried away together, the building rent 
to pieces and dispersed. Capt. Smith was found 
lying senseless ninetyfour feet from the sill of the loft 
he was carried from; one of his legs was broken, 
and he was otherwise bruised. A large white oak 
post, fourteen feet in length, and twelve by ten 
inches, was transported one hundred and thirty- 
eight feet. Two vessels of ninety tons, building in 
Amesbury, were lifted from the blocks, and carried 
sidewise through the air, twentytwo feet. A large 
bundle of shingles was taken from the ground, and 
thrown three hundred and thirty feet, in an oppo- 
site direction to that of the post above mentioned, 
and at right angles to the course the vessels were 
carried. Large trees were torn up by the roots 
and cast into the river. Large oak planks were 
hurled, with the velocity of cannon balls through 
the roofs of houses ; and, in fine, during the hurri- 
cane, which lasted a few minutes only, t.ie air was 
filled with everything that could be moved, whirl- 
ing with the most surprising rapidity through the 



260 



SALISBURY. 



air, and surrounding the affrighted inhabitants, 
some of whom were taken up by the winds, carried 
a considerable way, and let down safe : others were 
buried in their cellars, but were dug out without 
receiving any hurt. About one hundred and fifty 
buildings fell. 

** In Haverhill, the inhabitants fled in consterna- 
tion from one large dwelling house, which was 
blown down, and thought to save themselves in a 
barn which was almost new, and filled with about 
thirty tons of hay ; but the barn was entirely blown 
to pieces, in another moment, and some parts of it 
carried to the distance of three miles. 

" This tempest was preceded by heavy rain and 
gross darkness ; and it appeared first on the Mer- 
rimack river, which was in the utmost tumult, roll- 
ing upon the banks, and threatening to swallow up 
the aff*righted inhabitants." 

Salisbury is a pleasant and flourishing town. 
Most of the land is good, and with the ordinary 
labor may be rendered quite as productive as the 
average of the soil of the county. There are three 
principal villages in the township; one at the mouth 
of the Povvow, called the Point; one farther up 
that river, lying opposite the eastern settlement of 
Amesbury, and with that forming the settlement 
known as Amesbury and Salisbury Mills; the other, 
lying opposite Newburyport. Salisbury Beach, on 
the seashore, is several miles in length ; it is com- 
posed of yellow sand, is regarded by many as an 
interesting curiosity, and is much resorted to in 
the warm season. Two elegant bridges are thrown 
across the Merrimack, connecting this town with 
Newbury and Newburyport. 



SALISBURY. 



261 



POPULATION. 

The population in I81O, was 2,047 ; in 1820, 2,006 ; 
in 1830, 2,519. 

Ratable polls, 605. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — John Colby. 

Town Treasurer — Nathaniel Fifield. 
- Selectmen — Henry M. Brown, Azor O. Webster, 
Moses True. 

PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians. — Cyrus Dearborn, Josiah B. Gale, Ira 
Barton. 

Justice of the Peace and Quorum. — Edward Dorr. 

Justices of the Peace. — Henry M. Brown, Samuel 
Walton, Samuel March, Dudley Evans, Nathan 
Long. 

Deputy Sheriffs. — John Colby, James Worthen. 

Notary Public. — Edward Dorr. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Congregational, (Orthodox.) — This church 
was founded in 1638, two years before the incorpora- 
tion of the town, and was the eighteenth church in 
Massachusetts. It is at present without a pastor. 
The first pastor was William Worcester. He came 
from Salisbury, England ; was settled at the organi- 
zation of the church ; died Oct. 23, 1662, at an ad- 
vanced age. The second pastor was John Wheel- 
wright. He arrived at Boston, from Lincolnshire, 
England, May 26, 1636 ; settled here Dec. 9, 1662 ; 
died Nov. 15, 1679. The third pastor was James 
Ailing, a native of Boston ; settled here 3Iav 4, 
1687; died March 3, 1696, aged 37. The fourth 
pastor was Caleb Gushing. He was born at Scituate ; 
settled here Nov. 9, 1698 ; died Jan. 25, 1752, aged 
80. The fifth pastor was Edmund Noyes. He was 
born at Newbury ; settled here Nov. 20, 1751 ; died 
July 12, 1809, aged 81. 



261 



SALISBURY. 



Second Congregational, (Orthodox.)— Instituted, 
Nov. 19, 1718. Pastor, John Gnnni.son, 

Fii'st Baptist. — Founded, 1779. Number of com- 
municants, 181, No settled pastor. 

Christian Society. — Founded, 1820. Number of 
corn iiunicants, 136. Elder, Richard Davis. 

Methodist.— FoundtL], 1805. Number of commu- 
nicants, 101. Pastor, Samuel Norris. 

Universalis!:. — Incorporated, 1831. 

Congregational Evangelical Union Society. — 
Founded Oct. 14, 1835. 

Salisbury and Amesbury Mills Christian Union 
Society.— Founded, 1833. Elder, Thomas Alexander. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are seven school districts. The average 
number of scholars from 4 to 16 years of age, is about 
390 males, and 365 females. Annual school tax, 
about $1,500. Estifnated amount paid for tuition at 
Academies, &c. $125. 

LIBRARIES. 

First Social, incorporated 1805 ; number of vol- 
umes, 515. Second Social, incorporated 1816 ; num- 
ber of volumes, 200. Third Social. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper, George W. Baker — Number of subjects, 
14. 

TRADES, MANUFACTURES, ETC. 

1 flannel factory, (see Amesbnry) ; 5 tanneries, 
employing 23 hands ; 1 hat factory, employing 24 
hands ; 30 ship builders ; 3 ship joiners ; 6 boat 
builders' shops, employing 13 hands ; 1 printing office, 
employing 3 ; 30 house joiners ; 7 blacksmiths' shops, 
employing 14 hands ; 3 chaise trimmers and harness 
makers ; 6 shoemakers' shops, employing 17 hands ; 
1 soap and candle manufactory ; 2 glue makers ; 1 
tailor's shop, employing 4 ; 1 painter's shop, em- 
ploying 2 ; 1 carriage painter ; 4 mill-vvrights ; 1 



SALISBURY. 263 

cooper's shop, employing 4. 3 saw mills ; 2 grist 
mills ; 1 cloth dressing and carding idHI. 

STORES. 

3 dry goods ; 12 grocery ; 1 hat ; 1 apothecary ; 1 
confectionary. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Capital. — The amount of capital employed in the 
different trades and manufactures, is $1,500,000. 

Morning Courier. — This is the title of a neat little 
sheet, commenced at the Mills, Feb. 20, 1835. Pub- 
lished every Friday morning, at $1 per annum, by 
John Caldwell. In politics, neutral. 

Military — Two companies of Infantry ; privates 
200. Captains, J. Lord and Abel Merrill. 

Fire Department. — Three engines and ten fire- 
wards. 

Public House. — There is one public house ; keeper, 
Cyrus Dearborn ; a temperance house. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable prop- 
erty is $726,172. 

Town Expenses. — The town expenses for 1834, 
were $4,062 77. 

Shipping. — There are employed in the mackerel 
fishery, eight vessels, amounting to 500 tons, man- 
ned by 67 men. In the coasting trade, 6 vessels 
amounting to 398 tons, manned by 24 men. Foreign 
tonnage, 300. Last year there were built 777 tons of 
ship|>ing. 

Post Offices. — There are two post offices ; Seth 
Clark and Cyrus Dearborn, Postmasters. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 345. 

Soil. — The township contains about 13,000 acres, 
of which something like 3,000 are of salt marsh. 

State Valuation. — In 1811, Salisbury stood in the 
State valuation at ^355,82(5 ; in 1821, $373,951 67 ; 
in 1831, $577,690. 



264 



SAUGUS. 



This town formed the west parish of Lynn, 
until 1815, when it was incorporated as a separate 
town, receiving its present name, which was the 
ancient Indian name of Lynn, and which has ever 
been retained by the river, that makes a part of 
its eastern boundary. The river pursues a ser- 
pentine course through the meadows and salt 
marshes, to the Lay, and has a very picturesque 
appearance, viewed from the neighboring hills. 
It was on the west bank of this river, that the 
Iron Works were established in 1G45 ; and heaps 
of scorea still remain near where they stood. 
This too is the river on the bank of which, it is 
said a horde of pirates concealed themselves, in 
the year 1657 ; but they were finally discovered, 
and one of the king's cruisers succeeded in cap- 
turing three of them ; the other, there being four 
in all, escaped to a cavern in what is now called 
the Dungeon Pasture, in Lynn woods, where he 
lived till the great earthquake of 1658, which rent 
the rock above, and closed the entrance of the 
cavern, inhuming him alive. His name was 
Thomas Veal. The glen in which they lived, 
was a secluded spot, flanked by almost insur- 
mountable crags, and has since been much vis- 
ited by the curious. The well which they dug is 
still perceptible, and traces of their garden tnay 
be seen. Within two years, however, the trees 
have been felled, and it is shorn of much of its 
romantic beauty. The Dungeon Hole, as Veal's 
retreat has since been called, was blown up on 
the 4th of July, 1834; but nothing was found, 
except a few articles of iron manufacture. 



SAUGUS. 



265 



Saugus is bounded westerly by Chelsea, north- 
erly by South Reading and Lynnfield, easterly by 
Lynn, and southerly by Boston Bay. Most of the 
land upon the river is very good, well cultivated 
and productive. The salt marshes, towards the 
sea form about one seventh of ihe whole area of 
the town. The remaining portion of the town- 
ship is rough, and uneven, and much is still 
covered with wood. A post office has been estab- 
lished here, within three years. 

Saugus was probably, never since its incorpora- 
tion in so flourishing a condition as at present. 



POPULATION. 

The population in 1820, was 748 ; in 1830, 960, 
and the probable increase since that time is 200. 
Number of Ratable Polls, 284 

TOWN OFFICERS, ETC. 

Town Clerk — William W. Boardman. 

Town Treasurer — Jonathan Makepeace. 

Selectmen and Assessors — William W. Boardman, 
William P. Newhall, George Pearsons. 

Justices of the Peace — Benjamin F. Newhall, Jo- 
seph Dampney. 

Post Master — Henry Slade. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congreg-ational. — This church, the third 
of Lynn, was founded in 1736. Edward Cheever 
was settled Dec. 5, 1739. Joseph Roby, Aug. 1752. 
William Frothingham, Sept. 26, 1804. Joseph Em- 
erson, Nov. 1821. Ephraim Randall, (Unitarian) 
Oct. 3, 1826. Sidney Holman, Jan. 16, 1833. They 
are at present without a pastor. Number of commu- 
nicants, 19. There is a Sunday School attached, or- 
ganized in 1818, now numbering 80 scholars. 

17 



266 sAUGus. 

Methodist. — This society was organized in 1810. 
The present stationed preacher is Lewis Bates. 
Number of communicants, 125. Sunday School at- 
tached, founded in 1825 ; number of scholars, 80. 

Universalist. — There is a pretty large society ol 
Universalists at Saugus, not having any settled pastoi 
at present. 

SCHOOLS. 

There are five public schools, embracing 314.schol 
ars. The school tax for 1834, was $800. About 
$125, are annually paid for tuition in academies, &c. 

LIBRARIES. 

There are three small libraries, viz : 

Saugus Sabbath School Library — Organized 1818, 
250 volumes. 

Methodist Sabbath School Library — Organized 
1825, 300 volumes. 

Parish Library — Not now in a very flourishing 
condition. 

ALMS HOUSE. 

Keeper — Seth Heaton. Number of subjects, 12. 

LOCAL SOCIETIES. 

Temperance Society. — There is a very flourishing 
Temperance Society here. President — Joseph Ernes; 
Secretary — Benjamin F. Newhall. 

Anti Slavery Society. — An Anti Slavery Society 
has recently been formed, comprising about 40 mem- 
bers. Its object is the advancement of the immediate 
abolition principles, and the improvement of the con- 
dition of the free people of color in the United States. 

Lyceum, not now in a very flourishing condition. 

A Female Benevolent Society, of some years stand- 
ing. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Capital. — The amount of capital employed in the 
different branches of business, is $1200,000. 

Public House. — There is one public house ; keeper, 
William Oliver. 



sAUGus. 267 

Stores. — One dry goods, and six grocery. 

Shoe Business. — Shoe manufacturing is carried on 
here to considerable extent. About 200 makers, and 
150 binders are constantly employed. 

Cigars and Snuff.— Six millions of cigars, and fifty 
thousand pounds of snuff, are manufactured here an- 
nually. There are several manufactories. 

Woollen Factory.— k factory of the New England 
Wool Company is established here, at which 50 hands 
are employed. 

Dyeing Establishment. — There is a Silk and Wool- 
len Dyeing Establishment here, at which eight hands 
are employed. 

Chocolate, Morocco, 8rc — One chocolate manu- 
factory ; one morocco manufactory, at which eight 
hands are employed ; one butcher's establishment. 

Agriculture. — Agriculture receives considerable at- 
tention here, and there are several very good and 
profitable farms. 

Taxable Property. — The amount of taxable prop- 
erty, by assessors' estimate, is $244,496. 

Town Expenses. — The town expenses for 1834, 
amounted to $1,918 96. 

Eel Fishery. — The Eel Fishery is a business of 
some importance. Many tons are taken from the 
river every year. 

Mails. — The Saugus mail arrives by way of Lynn, 
every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning, at 
10 o'clock. 

Number of Dwellings — The number of dwellings 
is 105. 

Valuation. — In 1821, Saugus stood in the State 
valuation at $125,234 16; and in 1831, at $193,623 89. 

Salt Marsh. — There are 1500 acres of salt marsh. 

Ardent Spirits. — There is no place at Saugus, ex- 
cept the public house, where ardent spirits are sold. 



268 



TOPSFIELD. 

ToPSFiELD is tvventyone miles northeast of BoS" 
ton, and is bounded northeast by Ipswich, north- 
west by Boxford, east by Hamilton, southeast by 
Wenham, southwest by Danvers and Middleton. 
This town was at first called New Meadows. It 
was settled about the year 1639, but was not incor- 
porated till the 18th of October, 1650. Among 
the names of the early settlers, who were princi- 
pally farmers belonging to Salem and Ipswich, are 
found Bradstreet, Clark, Cummins, Easty, Gould, 
Peabody, Smith, Town and Wildes, many descend- 
ants from whom still remain in the town. 

Topsfield affords every inducement for the de- 
Totee of rural life to pitch his tent within its bor- 
ders ; the landscape, however, presents few striking 
features to aid the conjurations of the romancer. 
The soil is good, and the inhabitants receive 
their chief support from agriculture. Ipswich river 
crosses the town, and passes for a long distance 
along the border, having upon its margin some rich 
interval and fine meadows. Newburyport turn- 
pike passes a short distance southeast of the 
meetinghouse. 



POPULATION. 

The population in 1810 was 815; in 1820, 866 ; in 
1830,1,011. 
Ratable Polls, 250. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk — Jacob Towne. 
Town Treasurer — Joel Lake. 
Selectmen— J dcoh Towne, David Towne, William 
Hubbard, Samuel Bradstreet, William Cummins. 



TOPSFIELD. 269 

PHYSICIANS, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Physicians. — Nehemiah Cleavelaad, R. A. Mer- 
riam, Jeremiah Stone. 

Justice of the Peace and Quorum. — Nehemiah 
Cleaveland. 

Justices of the Peace. — Jacob Towne, Benjamin 
C. Perkins, R, A. Merriain, Alfred W. Pike. 

Postmaster. — Nehemiah Cleaveland. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — This church was 
formed Nov. 1663 ; but there was preaching here as 
early as 1643. Thomas Gilbert was ordained at the 
formation of the church. He was a native of Scot- 
land, and born in 1610 ; resigned 1671, and died Oct. 
28, 1673. The second pastor was Jeremiah llobart. 
He was born in England, 1630; settled here Oct. 2, 
1672; retired Sept. 21, 1680; died March, 1715. 
The third pastor was Joseph Capen. He was born 
at Dorchester, Dec. 20, 1658 ; settled here, June 11, 
1684 ; died June 30, 1725. The fourth pastor was 
John Emerson. He was born at Charlestown, Feb. 
7, 1707 ; settled here Nov. 27, 1728 ; died July II, 
1774. The fifth pastor was Daniel Breck. He was 
born at Boston ; settled here Nov. 17, 1779 ; retired 
May 26, 1788. The sixth pastor was Asahel Hun- 
tington. He was born at Franklin, Ct , March 17, 
1761 ; settled Nov. 12, 1789 ; died April 22, 1813. 
The seventh pastor was Rodney G. Dennis. He was 
born at New Boston, N. H., April 17, 1791 ; settled 
here Oct. 4, 1820 ; retired May 6, 1829. The eighth 
and present j)astor is James F. McEwen. He was 
born at East Hartford, Ct., Aug. 25,1793; settled 
here May 5, 1830. 

Methodist. — There is also a Methodist society here, 
formed in 1830. They have been without a stated 
preacher much of the present season. 

SCHOOLS. 

Topsfield Academy. — This institution is in a flour- 
ishing condition. Pujjils, about 35 Prcceotor, A. 
W. Pike. 



270 WENHAM. 

Districts. — The number of School Districts is 4. 
Number of scholars between the ages of 4 and 16, 
200. School tax $500. About $650 are paid annu- 
ally for instruction in Academies, &c. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Military. — One company of infantry of the line. 
Captain, E. S. Dixby. Lieutenant, L. H. Gould. 
Ensign, H. Wildes, Jr. 

Social Library. — This library was organized in 
1794. Number of volumes, 200. 

Stages. — Several stages pass through the town daily 
for Boston, and other places. 

Alms House.— Keeper, Thomas Gould. Number 
of subjects, 11. 

Public Houses. — There are two. public houses, one 
kept by Mrs Susan Cummins, the other by John 
Rea. 

Manufacture. — Shoemaking is the principal busi-' 
ness of the town, with the exception of farming. 

Stores. — There are three stores — dry goods and 
groceries. 

Dijoellings. — There are 125 dwellings. 

Valuation. — The State valuation was in 1811, 
tl95,580 67. In 1821, $341,853 33. In 1831, $361,- 
022 08. 

Post Office. — The post office yields to government 
about $50. 

Territory. — The whole township contains 7828 
acres. 



WENHAM, 

Wenham is twentyone miles northeast of Boston. 
The township is about six miles long, from east to 
west; a little more than one mile in width, and 
contains 4C00 acres. It is bounded north by Ham- 
ilton, east by Manchester, south by Beverly, and 



WENHAM. 171 

west by Danvers. The first regular settlement 
appears to have been made about the year 1639 : 
it was then called Enon, and belonged to Salem. 
In 1643, the year in which Essex County was in- 
corporated, it was admitted as an independent town- 
ship, under its present name. The place, however, 
was known previous to the first date — as the cele- 
brated sermon of Hugh Peters, was delivered about 
1636. In the journal of John Duntan, a gentleman 
who travelled in this country in 1686, this town is 
thus noticed : *' Wenham is a delicious paradise; 
it abounds with rural pleasures, and I would choose 
it above all other towns in America to dwell in. 
The lofty trees on each side of it are a sufficient 
shelter for the winds, and the warm sun so kindly 
ripens both the fruits and flowers, as if the spring, 
the summer and the autumn had agreed together 
to thrust winter out of doors." The same writer, 
speaking of Joseph Gerrish, the minister, says — 
** 'T were endless to enter on a detail of each fac- 
ulty of learning Mr Gerrish is master of, and there- 
fore take his character in short hand. The 
philosopher, is acute, ingenious and subtle. The 
divine^ curious, orthodox and profound. The man, 
of a majestic air, without austerity or sourness ; 
his aspect is masterly, yet not imperious or haughty. 
The Christian, is devout, without moroseness or 
starts of holy frenzy and enthusiasm. The preach- 
er, is primitive, without the occasional colors of 
whining or cant; and methodical, without intricacy 
or affectation; and which crowns his character, he 
is a man of public spirit, zealous for the conver- 
sion of the Indians, and of great hospitality to 
strangers. He gave us a noble dinner, and enter- 
tained us with such pleasant fruits as I must own 
Old England is a stranger to." 



272 



WENHAM. 



There is no compact settlement in this township, 
the inhabitants being mostly farmers, and scattered 
around at considerable intervals. The surface of 
the land is generally level, and the soil good. 
Wenham pond is probably the most beautiful sheet 
of water in the county ; it is large, and presents an 
exceedingly romantic appearance ; a stream issues 
from it, which empties into Ipswich river, and 
upon its margin, close by the great post road, stands 
the small conical hill, now shorn of much of its 
primitive beauty by excavations, which served as 
the pulpit from which Peters delivered the memo- 
rable sermon from the text John iii. 23, " In Enon, 
near to Salim, because there was much water there." 
About one third of this pond lie-s within the limits 
of Beverly. Wenham Swamp, so called, lies in 
the northwestern section of the township, and ex- 
tends into Hamilton. Manchester woods, so called, 
extend a considerable distance into the eastern 
section. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1810, 554 ; in 1820, 572 ; in 
1830,612. 
Ratable Polls, 153. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Toivn Clerk— Moses Foster. 
Town Treasurer — David Starrett. 
Selectmen — Stephen Dodge, Ezra Lummus, War- 
ren Peabody. 

LAWYER, PHYSICIAN, JUSTICES, ETC. 

Lainjer- — Edmund Kimball. 
Physician. — Nathan Jones. 

Justices of the Peace. — Moses Foster, Nicholas 
Dodge, Jr. 



WENHAM. 273 

Postmaster. — Ezra Lummus. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Orthodox Congregational. — Formed, Oct. 8, 1644. 
The first pastor was John Fisk. He was born in 
England, 1601 ; settled here at the formation of the 
church ; retired 1656 ; died Jan. 14, 1677. The se- 
cond pastor was Antipas Newman. He was settled 
Dec. 1663; died Oct. 15, 1672. The third pastor 
was Joseph Gerrish. He was born at Newbury, 
March 23, 1650; settled here Jan. 13, 1675; died 
Jan. 6, 1720. The fourth pastor was Robert Ward. 
He was born at Charlestown, Sept. 23, 1694 ; settled 
here Jan. 25, 1712 ; died July 19, 1732. The fifth 
pastor was John Warren. He was born at Roxbury, 
Sept. 18, 1704 ; settled here Jan. 10, 1733 ; died July 
15, 1749. The sixth pastor was Joseph Swain. He 
was born at Reading; settled here Oct. 24, 1750; 
died June 9, 1792. The seventh pastor was Adoni- 
ram Judson, (father to the celebrated missionary to 
Burmah.) He was born at Woodbury, Ct., June 
25, 1751 ; settled here Dec. 26, 1792 ; retired Oct- 
22, 1799 ; died Nov. 25, 1326. The eighth pastor 
was Rufus Anderson. He was born at Londonderry, 
N. H., March 5, 1765 ; settled here July 10, 1805 ; 
died Feb. 11, 1814. The ninth pastor was John 
Smith. He was born at Belchertown, March 5, 
1766; settled here Nov. 26, 1817 ; retired Sept. 8, 
1819; died April 7, 1831. The tenth and ])resent 
pastor is Ebenezer P. Sperry. He was born at New 
Haven, Ct., June 3, 1785 ; graduated at Middlebury, 
1808 ; settled here March 19, 1820. 

Baptist. — A Baptist society was formed here in 
1831. At present without a pastor. 

SCHOOLS. 

The town is divided into three school districts. 
Whole number of scholars between the ages of 4 and 
16, about 200. School tax $330. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Military. — One company of infantry of the line. 



S74 



WEST-NEWBUBY. 



A number of the members of the battalion of cavalry 
reside in this town. 

Public House.— There is one public House, kept by 
John T. Dodge, Jr. 

Taxes. — The amount raised for town and county 
tax, for 1835, is #1,564. 

Valuation. — In 1811, this town stood in the State 
valuation at $108,577 83. In 1821, $110,445 50. In 
1831, $157,407 13. 

Post Office. — The post office yields to government 
about $52 annually. 

Libraries. — There are two small libraries in the 
town. 

Dwellings. — The number of dwellings is 78. 



WEST-NEWBURY. 

The town of West-Newbury occupies an elevated 
and healthful situation on the south bank of the 
Merrimack. It is thirtyfour miles northeast of 
Boston, twenty miles east of Lowell, and six miles 
west of Newburyport, and is bounded north by the 
river, east by Newbury, south by Byfield parish, 
and west by Bradford. It is an ancient settlement, 
and was comprehended in the limits of Newbury 
till 1819, when it was incorporated as a separate 
town. There is no town in the county possessing 
a more productive soil than is here found. Grain 
and hay are produced in great quantities, and the 
products of the dairy have been long and widely 
celebrated. Fruit is also produced in abundance. 
Iron ore has been found in some sections in con- 
siderable quantities. 

The inhabitants are mostly farmers, and so much 



WEST-NEWBURY. 275 

scattered thai no compact village is formed. The 
town is connected with Rocks Village, Haverhill, 
by an excellent bridge over the Merrimack, a thou- 
sand feet in length, built in 1828. The bridge 
which preceded the present one, was built in 1796, 
and was swept away by the great freshet of 1818. 
From the elevations in this town, as well as from 
those of other towns in the vicinity, enchanting 
views may be obtained of rude and romantic scen- 
ery, interspersed with glimpses of the noble river, 
and the cultivated grounds upon its border. 



POPULATION. 

The population was in 1820, 1279 ; in 1830, 1586. 
Ratable Polls, 447. 

TOWN OFFICERS. 

Town Clerk— John C, Carr. 

Selectmen and Assessors — Eliphalet Emery, David 
Sawyer, Otis Little. 

PHYSICIANS AND JUSTICES. 

Physicians — Dean Robinson, Isaac Boyd. 
Justices of the Peace — Daniel Emery, EHphalet 
Emery, Edmund Hills, Moses Newell. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

First Congregational.— (Orthodox.) This church 
was the second of Newbury, and was gathered Oct. 
26, 1698. The first pastor was Samuel Belcher, a 
native of Ipswich ; settled Nov. 10, 1698 ; retired 
1711 ; died Aug. 30, 1714, aged 74. The second 
pastor was John Tufts, a native of Medford ; retried 
June 30, 1714; retired March 2, 1738. The third 
pastor was Thomas Barnard. He was born at An- 
dover, Auff. 17, 1716 ; settled Jan. 31, 1739 ; retired 
Jan. 18, 1751 ; died Aug. 5, 1776. The fourth pas- 



276 WE8T-NEWBURY. 

tor was Moses Hale. He was born at Newburyj 
Jan. 18, 1715 ; settled Feb. 20, 1752 ; died Jan. 15, 
1779. The fifth pastor was True Kimball. He was 
born at Plaistow, N. H. Jan. 28, 1757 ; settled Nov. 
20, 1782 ; retired May 1, 1797 ; died July 16, J816. 
The sixth pastor was Samuel Tomb (Presbyterian). 
He was born at Salem, N. Y ; settled here Nov. 28, 
1798 ; retired Jan. 1808 ; died March 28, 1832. The 
seventh pastor was Ebenezer Hubbard. He was born 
at Marblehead ; settled here May H, 1809; retired 
Oct. 16, 1811. The eighth, was Gilbert T. Williams. 
He was born in New Jersey, Oct. 8 1761 ; settled 
here June 1, 1814 ; retired Sept. 26, 1821 ; died Sept. 
24, 1824. The ninth pastor was Henry C. Wright. 
He was born at Sharon, Ct. ; settled here June 21, 
1826 ; retired July, 1833. The tenth and present 
pastor, is Benjamin Ober. He was born at Beverly, 
April 4, 1805 ; settled Jan. 1, 1834. 

Second Congregational. — (Orthodox). This church 
was the fourth of Newbury, and was formed Sept. 1, 
1731. Pastor, John Q. A. Edgell. 

Methodist. — This society is mostly made up of res- 
idents of Newbury ; the house of worship is just upon 
the border of the town. H. Thacher was the min- 
ister stationed here at the last conference. 

Friends. — There is also a society of Friends who 
have a meeting house in the town. 

SCHOOLS. 

Districts, ^-c. — This town is divided into six school 
districts. Number of scholars between the ages of 
four and sixteen, 300. School tax, $600. Estimated 
amount paid for tuition in acaden)ies, &.c. $!300. 
There is a private school of 20 scholars, kept in the 
West Parish, by a lady. 

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 

Local Societies. — In the West Parish is a Maternal 
Society, coin\)osei\ of thirty members, who are mothers 
of seventyfive children. Temperance Society, also, 
at West Parish, 350 members. * 



WEST-NEWBURY. 277 

Insurance Compamj. — There was a Mutual Fire 
Insurance Company, incorporated in 1828. President, 
Samuel Rogers. Secretary, Otis Little. Treasurer, 
John C. Carr. 

Town Expenses. — The town expenses average 
$1500. 

Stages. — A stage leaves for Boston, tri-weekly ; 
one for Lowell, daily. 

Public House. — There is one public house ; Joseph 
Carleton, keeper. 

Fire Engine. — There is one fire engine owned by 
proprietors. 

Dwellings. — There are 220 dwelling in the town. 

Valuation. — In 1821, this town stood in the State 
valuation at $316,013 83 ; in 1831, at $385,964 79. 

Territory. — The whole town contains about 9500 
acres. 

Manufactures. — The principal manufactures of this 
town, are shoes, carriages, and horn and shell combs. 



SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES. 

When the first sheets of this volume were pre- 
pared for press, the fall elections had not taken 
place ; consequently the names of Senators and 
Representatives for the State Legislature could 
not appear in the body of the work ; they are 
therefore given below. 

The Senators are chosen annually, in Novem- 
ber. The whole number composing the Senate is 
40. This county is entitled to six. Their pay is 
$2 per day for every day's attendance, and $2 for 
every ten miles' travel. 

The Representatives are also chosen annually, 
in November. Any corporate town with 150 rata- 
ble polls is entitled to one Representative, and for 
every additional 225 polls, an additional Repre- 
seatative. Their pay is the same as that of the 
Senators ; and it all comes from the State treasury. 

ESSEX COUNTY. 

SENATORS. 

Jonathan Shove, of Danvers. 

George Liint, of Newburyport. 

Charles Kimball, of Ipswich. 

John Tenney, of Methuen. 

Stephen P. Webb, of Salem. 

[One vacancy, to be filled by the Legislature.] 

Congressional Representatives. — It would be proper 

here to give the names of the Representatives in 

Congress from this county ; they are : for South 

~ ' C. Phillips, of Salem. For 



REPRESENTATIVES. 



279 



JVorth Districts, Caleb Gushing, of Newbiiryport. 
These are chosen for the term of two years. One 
being returned for every 40,000 inhabitants. Their 
pay is $S per day for every day's attendance, without 
deduction for sickness, and $S for every 20 miles 
requisite travel to and from the seat of government. 

AMESBURY. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Joshua Colby, Jonathan Morrill, Jr., Democrats. 
Thomas Weed, Whig. 

ANDOVER. 

William Johnson, Jr., George Hodges, Amos Ab- 
bot, Solomon Holt, Joshua Ballard, fVhigs. 

BEVERLY. 

John Safford, Nehemiah Roundy, John Conant, 
Stephen Nourse, Cotton Bennett, ffTiigs. 

BOXFORD. 
Moses Dorman, Jr., Whig. 

BRADFORD. 

Edward Kimball, Jonathan Kimball, Democrats. 

DANVERS. 
Andrew Lunt, Jacob F. Perry, Daniel P. King, 
Allen Putnam, Joshua H. Ward, Whigs. 

ESSEX. 

Charles Dexter, Whig. 

GLOUCESTER. 

Robert Rantoul, Jr., Luther Hamilton, David 
White, Addison Gilbert, John Davis, Timothy R. 
Davis, Thomas Haskell, David Saville, James Har- 
ris, Democrats. 

HAMILTON. 
Israel D. Brown, Democrat. 



280 REPRESENTATIVES. 



HAVERHILL. 
Nathan Webster, E. G. Eaton, Ward Haseltine, 
James Davis, Democrats. 

IPSWICH. 

Nathaniel R. Farley, Nathaniel Scott, Josiuh Cald- 
well, Democrats. 

LYNN. 

[No Representatives.] 

LYNNFIELD. 

John Perkins, Jr., Democrat. 

MANCHESTER. 
[No Representatives.] 

MARBLEHEAD. 

Frederick Robinson, Edward Crowninshield, Dem- 
ocrats. 

METHUEN. 
Samuel G. Harris, Democrat. 

MIDDLETON. 
Joseph W. Batchelder, Whig. 

NEWBURY. 

Moses Little, Elias Moody, Daniel Adams, 3d 
Whigs. 

NEWBURYPORT. 
Charles H. Balch, Solomon H. Currier, Ebenezer 
Moseley, Whigs. 

ROWLEY. 

Edward Smith, Samuel Little, Jeremiah Nelson, 
Whigs. 



REPRESENTATIVES. 281 

SALEM. 

George Peabody, Democrat. William Sutton, Da- 
vid Moore, Charles A. Andrew, John S. Williams, 
Nehemiah Brown, Eleazer M. Dalton, Putnam I. 
Farnham, Benjamin P. Chamberlain, Whigs. 

SALISBURY. 

Henry M. Brown, John Morrill, Whigs. True 
G. Graves, Democrat. 

SAUGUS. 

[No Representatives.] 

TOPSFIELD. 
Jacob Towne, Whig. 

WENHAM. 
Moses Foster, Whig. 

WEST-NEWBURY. 
John E. Bartlett, Moses Carr, fVhigs. 



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